4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12 modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18 usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 Hyphens (dashes) and underscores are equivalent in parameter names, so
21 log_buf_len=1M print-fatal-signals=1
22 can also be entered as
23 log-buf-len=1M print_fatal_signals=1
26 This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command
27 "modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable
28 module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also
29 reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these
30 parameters may be changed at runtime by the command
31 "echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".
33 The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were
34 enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at
35 the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a
36 parameter is applicable:
38 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
39 AGP AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) is enabled.
40 ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
41 APIC APIC support is enabled.
42 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
43 AVR32 AVR32 architecture is enabled.
44 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
45 BLACKFIN Blackfin architecture is enabled.
46 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
47 EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
48 EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
49 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
50 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
51 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
52 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
53 IMA Integrity measurement architecture is enabled.
54 IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
55 IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
56 ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
57 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
58 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
59 LIBATA Libata driver is enabled
60 LP Printer support is enabled.
61 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
62 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
63 These options have more detailed description inside of
64 Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
65 MCA MCA bus support is enabled.
66 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
67 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
68 MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
69 MTD MTD (Memory Technology Device) support is enabled.
70 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
71 NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
72 GENERIC_TIME The generic timeofday code is enabled.
73 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
74 OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
75 PV_OPS A paravirtualized kernel is enabled.
76 PARIDE The ParIDE (parallel port IDE) subsystem is enabled.
77 PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
78 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
79 PCIE PCI Express support is enabled.
80 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
81 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
82 PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
83 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
84 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
85 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
86 ROOTPLUG The example Root Plug LSM is enabled.
87 S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
88 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
89 A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
91 SECURITY Different security models are enabled.
92 SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
93 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
94 SH SuperH architecture is enabled.
95 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
96 SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
97 SWSUSP Software suspend (hibernation) is enabled.
98 SUSPEND System suspend states are enabled.
99 FTRACE Function tracing enabled.
100 TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
101 UMS USB Mass Storage support is enabled.
102 USB USB support is enabled.
103 USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
104 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
105 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
106 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
107 WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
108 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
109 X86-32 X86-32, aka i386 architecture is enabled.
110 X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
111 More X86-64 boot options can be found in
112 Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
113 X86 Either 32bit or 64bit x86 (same as X86-32+X86-64)
115 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
117 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
118 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
119 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
121 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
122 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
123 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
124 need or coordination with <Documentation/x86/boot.txt>.
126 There are also arch-specific kernel-parameters not documented here.
127 See for example <Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt>.
129 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
130 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
131 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
132 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
133 running once the system is up.
135 The number of kernel parameters is not limited, but the length of the
136 complete command line (parameters including spaces etc.) is limited to
137 a fixed number of characters. This limit depends on the architecture
138 and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
139 ./include/asm/setup.h as COMMAND_LINE_SIZE.
143 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
144 Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq | rsdt }
145 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
146 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
147 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
148 ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
149 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
150 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
151 rsdt -- prefer RSDT over (default) XSDT
153 See also Documentation/power/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
155 acpi_apic_instance= [ACPI, IOAPIC]
157 2: use 2nd APIC table, if available
158 1,0: use 1st APIC table
161 acpi_backlight= [HW,ACPI]
162 acpi_backlight=vendor
164 If set to vendor, prefer vendor specific driver
165 (e.g. thinkpad_acpi, sony_acpi, etc.) instead
166 of the ACPI video.ko driver.
168 acpi.debug_layer= [HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG]
169 acpi.debug_level= [HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG]
171 CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG must be enabled to produce any ACPI
172 debug output. Bits in debug_layer correspond to a
173 _COMPONENT in an ACPI source file, e.g.,
174 #define _COMPONENT ACPI_PCI_COMPONENT
175 Bits in debug_level correspond to a level in
176 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT statements, e.g.,
177 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_INFO, ...
178 The debug_level mask defaults to "info". See
179 Documentation/acpi/debug.txt for more information about
180 debug layers and levels.
182 Enable processor driver info messages:
183 acpi.debug_layer=0x20000000
184 Enable PCI/PCI interrupt routing info messages:
185 acpi.debug_layer=0x400000
186 Enable AML "Debug" output, i.e., stores to the Debug
187 object while interpreting AML:
188 acpi.debug_layer=0xffffffff acpi.debug_level=0x2
189 Enable all messages related to ACPI hardware:
190 acpi.debug_layer=0x2 acpi.debug_level=0xffffffff
192 Some values produce so much output that the system is
193 unusable. The "log_buf_len" parameter may be useful
194 if you need to capture more output.
196 acpi_display_output= [HW,ACPI]
197 acpi_display_output=vendor
198 acpi_display_output=video
201 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
202 ACPI will balance active IRQs
205 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
206 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
209 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
210 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
212 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
214 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
216 acpi_no_auto_ssdt [HW,ACPI] Disable automatic loading of SSDT
218 acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS
219 Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows"
221 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] Modify list of supported OS interface strings
222 acpi_osi="string1" # add string1 -- only one string
223 acpi_osi="!string2" # remove built-in string2
224 acpi_osi= # disable all strings
227 Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel
228 to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value
229 and always returns good values.
231 acpi.power_nocheck= [HW,ACPI]
232 Format: 1/0 enable/disable the check of power state.
233 On some bogus BIOS the _PSC object/_STA object of
234 power resource can't return the correct device power
235 state. In such case it is unneccessary to check its
236 power state again in power transition.
237 1 : disable the power state check
239 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
240 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
242 acpi_serialize [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
244 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
245 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
246 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
248 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
249 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode, s3_beep, s4_nohwsig,
250 old_ordering, s4_nonvs }
251 See Documentation/power/video.txt for information on
253 s3_beep is for debugging; it makes the PC's speaker beep
254 as soon as the kernel's real-mode entry point is called.
255 s4_nohwsig prevents ACPI hardware signature from being
256 used during resume from hibernation.
257 old_ordering causes the ACPI 1.0 ordering of the _PTS
258 control method, with respect to putting devices into
259 low power states, to be enforced (the ACPI 2.0 ordering
260 of _PTS is used by default).
261 s4_nonvs prevents the kernel from saving/restoring the
262 ACPI NVS memory during hibernation.
264 acpi_use_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
265 Use timer override. For some broken Nvidia NF5 boards
266 that require a timer override, but don't have HPET
268 acpi_enforce_resources= [ACPI]
269 { strict | lax | no }
270 Check for resource conflicts between native drivers
271 and ACPI OperationRegions (SystemIO and SystemMemory
272 only). IO ports and memory declared in ACPI might be
273 used by the ACPI subsystem in arbitrary AML code and
274 can interfere with legacy drivers.
275 strict (default): access to resources claimed by ACPI
276 is denied; legacy drivers trying to access reserved
277 resources will fail to bind to device using them.
278 lax: access to resources claimed by ACPI is allowed;
279 legacy drivers trying to access reserved resources
280 will bind successfully but a warning message is logged.
281 no: ACPI OperationRegions are not marked as reserved,
282 no further checks are performed.
285 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
287 add_efi_memmap [EFI; X86] Include EFI memory map in
288 kernel's map of available physical RAM.
291 See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
293 advwdt= [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
294 Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
296 aedsp16= [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
297 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
298 See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
301 { off | try_unsupported }
302 off: disable AGP support
303 try_unsupported: try to drive unsupported chipsets
304 (may crash computer or cause data corruption)
307 See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
310 Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
313 See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
316 See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
318 amd_iommu= [HW,X86-84]
319 Pass parameters to the AMD IOMMU driver in the system.
321 isolate - enable device isolation (each device, as far
322 as possible, will get its own protection
324 share - put every device behind one IOMMU into the
325 same protection domain
326 fullflush - enable flushing of IO/TLB entries when
327 they are unmapped. Otherwise they are
328 flushed before they will be reused, which
331 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
332 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
334 See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
336 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
337 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
338 connected to one of 16 gameports
339 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
342 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
344 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
345 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
346 APC and your system crashes randomly.
348 apic= [APIC,X86-32] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
349 Change the output verbosity whilst booting
350 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
351 Change the amount of debugging information output
352 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
354 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
355 See header of arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c.
357 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
358 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
362 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
364 atascsi= [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
366 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
367 EzKey and similar keyboards
369 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
371 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
372 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
374 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
377 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
378 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
380 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
381 Use software keyboard repeat
385 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
388 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
390 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
392 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
393 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
394 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
395 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
397 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
398 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
399 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
400 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
402 boot_delay= Milliseconds to delay each printk during boot.
403 Values larger than 10 seconds (10000) are changed to
407 bootmem_debug [KNL] Enable bootmem allocator debug messages.
409 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
410 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
412 bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
413 bttv.tuner= and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
416 See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
417 BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
419 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
421 cachesize= [BUGS=X86-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
422 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
423 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
424 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
425 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
426 This option provides an override for these situations.
429 [SECURITY] Disable capabilities. This would normally
430 be used only if an alternative security model is to be
431 configured. Potentially dangerous and should only be
432 used if you are entirely sure of the consequences.
434 ccw_timeout_log [S390]
435 See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
437 cgroup_disable= [KNL] Disable a particular controller
438 Format: {name of the controller(s) to disable}
439 {Currently supported controllers - "memory"}
441 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
442 Format: { "0" | "1" }
443 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
444 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
445 any implied execute protection).
446 1 -- check protection requested by application.
447 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
448 Value can be changed at runtime via
449 /selinux/checkreqprot.
452 See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
454 clock= [BUGS=X86-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
456 Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used
457 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
458 clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT.
459 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
461 clocksource= [GENERIC_TIME] Override the default clocksource
463 Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource
464 with the name specified.
465 Some clocksource names to choose from, depending on
467 [all] jiffies (this is the base, fallback clocksource)
469 [ARM] imx_timer1,OSTS,netx_timer,mpu_timer2,
470 pxa_timer,timer3,32k_counter,timer0_1
472 [X86-32] pit,hpet,tsc,vmi-timer;
473 scx200_hrt on Geode; cyclone on IBM x440
481 clearcpuid=BITNUM [X86]
482 Disable CPUID feature X for the kernel. See
483 arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeature.h for the valid bit
484 numbers. Note the Linux specific bits are not necessarily
485 stable over kernel options, but the vendor specific
487 Also note that user programs calling CPUID directly
488 or using the feature without checking anything
489 will still see it. This just prevents it from
490 being used by the kernel or shown in /proc/cpuinfo.
491 Also note the kernel might malfunction if you disable
494 code_bytes [X86] How many bytes of object code to print
499 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
501 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
503 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
507 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
508 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
510 condev= [HW,S390] console device
513 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
515 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
519 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
520 the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
521 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
522 bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
523 omit it). Default is "9600n8".
525 See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
527 Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
530 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
531 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
532 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
533 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
534 switching to the matching ttyS device later. The
535 options are the same as for ttyS, above.
537 If the device connected to the port is not a TTY but a braille
538 device, prepend "brl," before the device type, for instance
540 For now, only VisioBraille is supported.
543 [KNL] Change the default value for
544 /proc/<pid>/coredump_filter.
545 See also Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt.
547 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
549 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
551 crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
552 [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
553 hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
555 crashkernel=range1:size1[,range2:size2,...][@offset]
556 [KNL] Same as above, but depends on the memory
557 in the running system. The syntax of range is
558 start-[end] where start and end are both
559 a memory unit (amount[KMG]). See also
560 Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for a example.
565 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
566 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
569 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
571 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
572 (one device per port)
573 Format: <port#>,<type>
574 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
576 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
579 [KNL] verbose self-tests
581 Print debugging info while doing the locking API
583 We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to
584 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally
585 only useful to kernel developers.
587 debug_objects [KNL] Enable object debugging
590 [KNL] Disable object debugging
592 debugpat [X86] Enable PAT debugging
594 decnet.addr= [HW,NET]
595 Format: <area>[,<node>]
596 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
599 [same as hugepagesz=] The size of the default
600 HugeTLB page size. This is the size represented by
601 the legacy /proc/ hugepages APIs, used for SHM, and
602 default size when mounting hugetlbfs filesystems.
603 Defaults to the default architecture's huge page size
607 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
610 IO parameters + enable/disable command.
612 digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
613 See drivers/char/README.epca and
614 Documentation/serial/digiepca.txt.
616 disable_mtrr_cleanup [X86]
617 The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous
618 to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB
619 entry later. This parameter disables that.
621 disable_mtrr_trim [X86, Intel and AMD only]
622 By default the kernel will trim any uncacheable
623 memory out of your available memory pool based on
624 MTRR settings. This parameter disables that behavior,
625 possibly causing your machine to run very slowly.
627 disable_timer_pin_1 [X86]
628 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
629 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
631 dmasound= [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
633 dma_debug=off If the kernel is compiled with DMA_API_DEBUG support,
634 this option disables the debugging code at boot.
636 dma_debug_entries=<number>
637 This option allows to tune the number of preallocated
638 entries for DMA-API debugging code. One entry is
639 required per DMA-API allocation. Use this if the
640 DMA-API debugging code disables itself because the
641 architectural default is too low.
643 dma_debug_driver=<driver_name>
644 With this option the DMA-API debugging driver
645 filter feature can be enabled at boot time. Just
646 pass the driver to filter for as the parameter.
647 The filter can be disabled or changed to another
648 driver later using sysfs.
654 dynamic_printk Enables pr_debug()/dev_dbg() calls if
655 CONFIG_DYNAMIC_PRINTK_DEBUG has been enabled.
656 These can also be switched on/off via
657 <debugfs>/dynamic_printk/modules
659 earlycon= [KNL] Output early console device and options.
660 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
661 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
662 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
663 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address.
664 The options are the same as for ttyS, above.
666 earlyprintk= [X86,SH,BLACKFIN]
668 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
671 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
674 Only vga or serial or usb debug port at a time.
676 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
678 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
681 The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
687 Format: {"off" | "on" | "skip[mbr]"}
689 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
690 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
693 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
694 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
697 Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
698 See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
699 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
701 elfcorehdr= [IA64,PPC,SH,X86]
702 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
703 image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
704 pass this option to capture kernel.
705 See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
707 enable_mtrr_cleanup [X86]
708 The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous
709 to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB
710 entry later. This parameter enables that.
712 enable_timer_pin_1 [X86]
713 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
714 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
715 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
716 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
718 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
720 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
721 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
722 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
724 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
726 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
727 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
728 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
730 eurwdt= [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
735 fail_make_request=[KNL]
736 General fault injection mechanism.
737 Format: <interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
738 See also /Documentation/fault-injection/.
741 See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
744 See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
747 See Documentation/blockdev/floppy.txt.
749 force_pal_cache_flush
750 [IA-64] Avoid check_sal_cache_flush which may hang on
751 buggy SAL_CACHE_FLUSH implementations. Using this
752 parameter will force ia64_sal_cache_flush to call
753 ia64_pal_cache_flush instead of SAL_CACHE_FLUSH.
756 [FTRACE] will set and start the specified tracer
757 as early as possible in order to facilitate early
761 [FTRACE] will dump the trace buffers on oops.
763 ftrace_filter=[function-list]
764 [FTRACE] Limit the functions traced by the function
765 tracer at boot up. function-list is a comma separated
766 list of functions. This list can be changed at run
767 time by the set_ftrace_filter file in the debugfs
770 ftrace_notrace=[function-list]
771 [FTRACE] Do not trace the functions specified in
772 function-list. This list can be changed at run time
773 by the set_ftrace_notrace file in the debugfs
777 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
778 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
779 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
780 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
784 gart_fix_e820= [X86_64] disable the fix e820 for K8 GART
789 See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
791 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
792 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
796 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
797 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
798 for 64bit NUMA, off otherwise.
799 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
801 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
803 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
804 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
806 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
807 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
808 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
809 size on bigger boxes.
811 highres= [KNL] Enable/disable high resolution timer mode.
812 Valid parameters: "on", "off"
816 See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
820 hpet= [X86-32,HPET] option to control HPET usage
821 Format: { enable (default) | disable | force |
823 disable: disable HPET and use PIT instead
824 force: allow force enabled of undocumented chips (ICH4,
826 verbose: show contents of HPET registers during setup
828 hugepages= [HW,X86-32,IA-64] HugeTLB pages to allocate at boot.
829 hugepagesz= [HW,IA-64,PPC,X86-64] The size of the HugeTLB pages.
830 On x86-64 and powerpc, this option can be specified
831 multiple times interleaved with hugepages= to reserve
832 huge pages of different sizes. Valid pages sizes on
833 x86-64 are 2M (when the CPU supports "pse") and 1G
834 (when the CPU supports the "pdpe1gb" cpuinfo flag)
835 Note that 1GB pages can only be allocated at boot time
836 using hugepages= and not freed afterwards.
838 hvc_iucv= [S390] Number of z/VM IUCV hypervisor console (HVC)
839 terminal devices. Valid values: 0..8
840 hvc_iucv_allow= [S390] Comma-separated list of z/VM user IDs.
841 If specified, z/VM IUCV HVC accepts connections
842 from listed z/VM user IDs only.
844 i2c_bus= [HW] Override the default board specific I2C bus speed
845 or register an additional I2C bus that is not
846 registered from board initialization code.
850 i8042.debug [HW] Toggle i8042 debug mode
851 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
852 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from
853 keyboard and cannot control its state
854 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
855 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
856 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
857 i8042.noloop [HW] Disable the AUX Loopback command while probing
859 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
861 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
864 [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
865 when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
866 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
867 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
871 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
872 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
874 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
875 does not match list of supported models.
877 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
878 (disabled by default)
879 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
882 ibmmcascsi= [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
883 See Documentation/mca.txt.
886 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
888 ide-core.nodma= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
889 Format: =0.0 to prevent dma on hda, =0.1 hdb =1.0 hdc
890 .vlb_clock .pci_clock .noflush .noprobe .nowerr .cdrom
891 .chs .ignore_cable are additional options
892 See Documentation/ide/ide.txt.
894 idebus= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
895 See Documentation/ide/ide.txt.
897 ide-pci-generic.all-generic-ide [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
898 Claim all unknown PCI IDE storage controllers.
901 Format: idle=poll, idle=mwait, idle=halt, idle=nomwait
902 Poll forces a polling idle loop that can slightly
903 improve the performance of waking up a idle CPU, but
904 will use a lot of power and make the system run hot.
906 idle=mwait: On systems which support MONITOR/MWAIT but
907 the kernel chose to not use it because it doesn't save
908 as much power as a normal idle loop, use the
909 MONITOR/MWAIT idle loop anyways. Performance should be
910 the same as idle=poll.
911 idle=halt: Halt is forced to be used for CPU idle.
912 In such case C2/C3 won't be used again.
913 idle=nomwait: Disable mwait for CPU C-states
915 ignore_loglevel [KNL]
916 Ignore loglevel setting - this will print /all/
917 kernel messages to the console. Useful for debugging.
920 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
923 Format: { "0" | "1" }
924 0 -- integrity auditing messages. (Default)
925 1 -- enable informational integrity auditing messages.
928 Formt: { "sha1" | "md5" }
932 Load a policy which meets the needs of the Trusted
933 Computing Base. This means IMA will measure all
934 programs exec'd, files mmap'd for exec, and all files
935 opened for read by uid=0.
938 See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
942 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
945 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
946 for working out where the kernel is dying during
949 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
951 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
954 intel_iommu= [DMAR] Intel IOMMU driver (DMAR) option
956 Enable intel iommu driver.
958 Disable intel iommu driver.
959 igfx_off [Default Off]
960 By default, gfx is mapped as normal device. If a gfx
961 device has a dedicated DMAR unit, the DMAR unit is
962 bypassed by not enabling DMAR with this option. In
963 this case, gfx device will use physical address for
966 With this option iommu will not optimize to look
967 for io virtual address below 32 bit forcing dual
968 address cycle on pci bus for cards supporting greater
969 than 32 bit addressing. The default is to look
970 for translation below 32 bit and if not available
971 then look in the higher range.
973 With this option on every unmap_single operation will
974 result in a hardware IOTLB flush operation as opposed
975 to batching them for performance.
979 iomem= Disable strict checking of access to MMIO memory
980 strict regions from userspace.
995 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
996 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
997 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
999 io_delay= [X86] I/O delay method
1001 Standard port 0x80 based delay
1003 Alternate port 0xed based delay (needed on some systems)
1005 Simple two microseconds delay
1010 See Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt.
1012 ip2= [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
1013 See comment before ip2_setup() in
1014 drivers/char/ip2/ip2base.c.
1016 ips= [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
1017 See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
1020 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
1021 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
1025 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
1026 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
1027 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
1031 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
1033 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
1035 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
1037 <cpu number>-<cpu number>
1038 (must be a positive range in ascending order)
1040 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>-<cpu number>
1042 This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
1043 to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
1044 algorithms. You can move a process onto or off an
1045 "isolated" CPU via the CPU affinity syscalls or cpuset.
1046 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
1047 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
1049 This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
1050 alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
1051 tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
1052 suboptimal load balancer performance.
1056 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
1057 See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
1061 kernelcore=nn[KMG] [KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC] This parameter
1062 specifies the amount of memory usable by the kernel
1063 for non-movable allocations. The requested amount is
1064 spread evenly throughout all nodes in the system. The
1065 remaining memory in each node is used for Movable
1066 pages. In the event, a node is too small to have both
1067 kernelcore and Movable pages, kernelcore pages will
1068 take priority and other nodes will have a larger number
1069 of kernelcore pages. The Movable zone is used for the
1070 allocation of pages that may be reclaimed or moved
1071 by the page migration subsystem. This means that
1072 HugeTLB pages may not be allocated from this zone.
1073 Note that allocations like PTEs-from-HighMem still
1074 use the HighMem zone if it exists, and the Normal
1075 zone if it does not.
1077 kgdboc= [HW] kgdb over consoles.
1078 Requires a tty driver that supports console polling.
1079 (only serial supported for now)
1080 Format: <serial_device>[,baud]
1082 kmac= [MIPS] korina ethernet MAC address.
1083 Configure the RouterBoard 532 series on-chip
1084 Ethernet adapter MAC address.
1086 kmemleak= [KNL] Boot-time kmemleak enable/disable
1087 Valid arguments: on, off
1090 kstack=N [X86] Print N words from the kernel stack
1097 lapic [X86-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
1100 lapic_timer_c2_ok [X86,APIC] trust the local apic timer
1103 libata.dma= [LIBATA] DMA control
1104 libata.dma=0 Disable all PATA and SATA DMA
1105 libata.dma=1 PATA and SATA Disk DMA only
1106 libata.dma=2 ATAPI (CDROM) DMA only
1107 libata.dma=4 Compact Flash DMA only
1108 Combinations also work, so libata.dma=3 enables DMA
1109 for disks and CDROMs, but not CFs.
1111 libata.noacpi [LIBATA] Disables use of ACPI in libata suspend/resume
1115 libata.force= [LIBATA] Force configurations. The format is comma
1116 separated list of "[ID:]VAL" where ID is
1117 PORT[:DEVICE]. PORT and DEVICE are decimal numbers
1118 matching port, link or device. Basically, it matches
1119 the ATA ID string printed on console by libata. If
1120 the whole ID part is omitted, the last PORT and DEVICE
1121 values are used. If ID hasn't been specified yet, the
1122 configuration applies to all ports, links and devices.
1124 If only DEVICE is omitted, the parameter applies to
1125 the port and all links and devices behind it. DEVICE
1126 number of 0 either selects the first device or the
1127 first fan-out link behind PMP device. It does not
1128 select the host link. DEVICE number of 15 selects the
1129 host link and device attached to it.
1131 The VAL specifies the configuration to force. As long
1132 as there's no ambiguity shortcut notation is allowed.
1133 For example, both 1.5 and 1.5G would work for 1.5Gbps.
1134 The following configurations can be forced.
1136 * Cable type: 40c, 80c, short40c, unk, ign or sata.
1137 Any ID with matching PORT is used.
1139 * SATA link speed limit: 1.5Gbps or 3.0Gbps.
1141 * Transfer mode: pio[0-7], mwdma[0-4] and udma[0-7].
1142 udma[/][16,25,33,44,66,100,133] notation is also
1145 * [no]ncq: Turn on or off NCQ.
1147 * nohrst, nosrst, norst: suppress hard, soft
1150 If there are multiple matching configurations changing
1151 the same attribute, the last one is used.
1153 lmb=debug [KNL] Enable lmb debug messages.
1155 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
1156 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
1158 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
1161 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
1164 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
1167 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
1170 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
1173 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
1174 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
1175 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
1176 loglevels are defined as follows:
1178 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
1179 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
1180 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
1181 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
1182 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
1183 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
1184 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
1185 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
1187 log_buf_len=n Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
1188 Format: { n | nk | nM }
1189 n must be a power of two. The default size
1190 is set in the kernel config file.
1192 logo.nologo [FB] Disables display of the built-in Linux logo.
1193 This may be used to provide more screen space for
1194 kernel log messages and is useful when debugging
1195 kernel boot problems.
1197 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
1198 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
1199 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
1200 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
1201 specified in addition to the ports) causes
1202 attached printers to be reset. Using
1203 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
1204 to associate lp devices with, starting with
1205 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
1206 that lp device, or a parport name such as
1207 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
1208 port specification list means that device IDs
1209 from each port should be examined, to see if
1210 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
1211 so, the driver will manage that printer.
1212 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
1215 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
1216 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
1217 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
1218 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
1219 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
1220 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
1221 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
1222 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
1223 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
1224 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
1225 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
1229 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1231 mac5380= [HW,SCSI] Format:
1232 <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
1234 machvec= [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
1235 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
1236 Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
1238 max_addr=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater
1239 than or equal to this physical address is ignored.
1241 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
1242 should make use of. maxcpus=n : n >= 0 limits the
1243 kernel to using 'n' processors. n=0 is a special case,
1244 it is equivalent to "nosmp", which also disables
1247 max_loop= [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
1251 max_luns= [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
1252 Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
1255 [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
1256 Should be between 1 and 16384.
1260 mce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception
1262 mce=option [X86-64] See Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt
1264 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
1265 See Documentation/md.txt.
1268 Format: <first>,<last>
1269 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
1271 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
1272 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
1273 to see the whole system memory or for test.
1274 [X86-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
1275 address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
1276 could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
1278 mem=nopentium [BUGS=X86-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
1282 [KNL,SH] Allow user to override the default size for
1283 per-device physically contiguous DMA buffers.
1285 memmap=exactmap [KNL,X86] Enable setting of an exact
1286 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
1287 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
1288 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
1291 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
1292 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
1293 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1295 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
1296 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
1297 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1299 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
1300 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
1301 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1302 Example: Exclude memory from 0x18690000-0x1869ffff
1303 memmap=64K$0x18690000
1305 memmap=0x10000$0x18690000
1307 memory_corruption_check=0/1 [X86]
1308 Some BIOSes seem to corrupt the first 64k of
1309 memory when doing things like suspend/resume.
1310 Setting this option will scan the memory
1311 looking for corruption. Enabling this will
1312 both detect corruption and prevent the kernel
1313 from using the memory being corrupted.
1314 However, its intended as a diagnostic tool; if
1315 repeatable BIOS-originated corruption always
1316 affects the same memory, you can use memmap=
1317 to prevent the kernel from using that memory.
1319 memory_corruption_check_size=size [X86]
1320 By default it checks for corruption in the low
1321 64k, making this memory unavailable for normal
1322 use. Use this parameter to scan for
1323 corruption in more or less memory.
1325 memory_corruption_check_period=seconds [X86]
1326 By default it checks for corruption every 60
1327 seconds. Use this parameter to check at some
1328 other rate. 0 disables periodic checking.
1330 memtest= [KNL,X86] Enable memtest
1332 default : 0 <disable>
1333 Specifies the number of memtest passes to be
1334 performed. Each pass selects another test
1335 pattern from a given set of patterns. Memtest
1336 fills the memory with this pattern, validates
1337 memory contents and reserves bad memory
1338 regions that are detected.
1340 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
1341 See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
1343 mfgpt_irq= [IA-32] Specify the IRQ to use for the
1344 Multi-Function General Purpose Timers on AMD Geode
1347 mfgptfix [X86-32] Fix MFGPT timers on AMD Geode platforms when
1348 the BIOS has incorrectly applied a workaround. TinyBIOS
1349 version 0.98 is known to be affected, 0.99 fixes the
1350 problem by letting the user disable the workaround.
1354 min_addr=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory below this
1355 physical address is ignored.
1358 [KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_MEMORY_INIT is set, this
1359 parameter allows control of the logging verbosity for
1360 the additional memory initialisation checks. A value
1361 of 0 disables mminit logging and a level of 4 will
1362 log everything. Information is printed at KERN_DEBUG
1363 so loglevel=8 may also need to be specified.
1366 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
1367 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
1368 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
1369 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
1371 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
1372 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
1373 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
1374 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
1376 movablecore=nn[KMG] [KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC] This parameter
1377 is similar to kernelcore except it specifies the
1378 amount of memory used for migratable allocations.
1379 If both kernelcore and movablecore is specified,
1380 then kernelcore will be at *least* the specified
1381 value but may be more. If movablecore on its own
1382 is specified, the administrator must be careful
1383 that the amount of memory usable for all allocations
1389 MTD_Partition= [MTD]
1390 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
1392 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
1393 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
1396 See drivers/mtd/cmdlinepart.c.
1399 ARM/S3C2412 JIVE boot control
1401 See arch/arm/mach-s3c2412/mach-jive.c
1403 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
1404 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
1405 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
1407 mtrr_chunk_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
1408 used for mtrr cleanup. It is largest continuous chunk
1409 that could hold holes aka. UC entries.
1411 mtrr_gran_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
1412 Used for mtrr cleanup. It is granularity of mtrr block.
1414 Large value could prevent small alignment from
1417 mtrr_spare_reg_nr=n [X86]
1419 Range: 0,7 : spare reg number
1421 Used for mtrr cleanup. It is spare mtrr entries number.
1422 Set to 2 or more if your graphical card needs more.
1424 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
1427 See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
1431 ncr53c400= [HW,SCSI]
1433 ncr53c400a= [HW,SCSI]
1435 ncr53c406a= [HW,SCSI]
1437 ncr53c8xx= [HW,SCSI]
1439 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
1440 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
1441 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
1442 something different and driver-specific.
1443 This usage is only documented in each driver source
1447 [NETFILTER] Enable connection tracking flow accounting
1448 0 to disable accounting
1449 1 to enable accounting
1450 Default value depends on CONFIG_NF_CT_ACCT that is
1451 going to be removed in 2.6.29.
1454 See Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt.
1456 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
1457 See Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt.
1459 nfs.callback_tcpport=
1460 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
1461 channel should listen.
1463 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
1464 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
1468 [NFS] enable 64-bit inode numbers.
1469 If zero, the NFS client will fake up a 32-bit inode
1470 number for the readdir() and stat() syscalls instead
1471 of returning the full 64-bit number.
1472 The default is to return 64-bit inode numbers.
1474 nmi_debug= [KNL,AVR32] Specify one or more actions to take
1475 when a NMI is triggered.
1476 Format: [state][,regs][,debounce][,die]
1478 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=X86] Debugging features for SMP kernels
1479 Format: [panic,][num]
1481 0 - turn nmi_watchdog off
1482 1 - use the IO-APIC timer for the NMI watchdog
1483 2 - use the local APIC for the NMI watchdog using
1484 a performance counter. Note: This will use one
1485 performance counter and the local APIC's performance
1487 When panic is specified, panic when an NMI watchdog
1489 This is useful when you use a panic=... timeout and
1490 need the box quickly up again.
1491 Instead of 1 and 2 it is possible to use the following
1492 symbolic names: lapic and ioapic
1493 Example: nmi_watchdog=2 or nmi_watchdog=panic,lapic
1495 no387 [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
1496 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
1500 [HW] Never suspend the console
1501 Disable suspending of consoles during suspend and
1502 hibernate operations. Once disabled, debugging
1503 messages can reach various consoles while the rest
1504 of the system is being put to sleep (ie, while
1505 debugging driver suspend/resume hooks). This may
1506 not work reliably with all consoles, but is known
1507 to work with serial and VGA consoles.
1509 noaliencache [MM, NUMA, SLAB] Disables the allocation of alien
1510 caches in the slab allocator. Saves per-node memory,
1511 but will impact performance.
1515 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
1516 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
1518 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
1519 on "Classic" PPC cores.
1523 noclflush [BUGS=X86] Don't use the CLFLUSH instruction
1525 nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
1527 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
1529 nodsp [SH] Disable hardware DSP at boot time.
1531 noefi [X86] Disable EFI runtime services support.
1536 On X86-32 available only on PAE configured kernels.
1537 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1538 noexec=off: disable non-executable mappings
1541 This affects only 32-bit executables.
1542 noexec32=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1543 read doesn't imply executable mappings
1544 noexec32=off: disable non-executable mappings
1545 read implies executable mappings
1547 nofpu [SH] Disable hardware FPU at boot time.
1549 nofxsr [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
1550 register save and restore. The kernel will only save
1551 legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
1553 noxsave [BUGS=X86] Disables x86 extended register state save
1554 and restore using xsave. The kernel will fallback to
1555 enabling legacy floating-point and sse state.
1557 nohlt [BUGS=ARM,SH] Tells the kernel that the sleep(SH) or
1558 wfi(ARM) instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1559 use it. This is also useful when using JTAG debugger.
1561 no-hlt [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1562 instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1565 no_file_caps Tells the kernel not to honor file capabilities. The
1566 only way then for a file to be executed with privilege
1567 is to be setuid root or executed by root.
1569 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1570 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1571 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1572 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1573 in certain environments such as networked servers or
1576 nohz= [KNL] Boottime enable/disable dynamic ticks
1577 Valid arguments: on, off
1580 noiotrap [SH] Disables trapped I/O port accesses.
1582 noirqdebug [X86-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1583 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1585 no_timer_check [X86,APIC] Disables the code which tests for
1586 broken timer IRQ sources.
1588 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1590 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1593 nointremap [X86-64, Intel-IOMMU] Do not enable interrupt
1598 nojitter [IA64] Disables jitter checking for ITC timers.
1600 nolapic [X86-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1602 nolapic_timer [X86-32,APIC] Do not use the local APIC timer.
1604 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1605 lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1607 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
1609 nomce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception
1611 nomfgpt [X86-32] Disable Multi-Function General Purpose
1612 Timer usage (for AMD Geode machines).
1614 norandmaps Don't use address space randomization. Equivalent to
1615 echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
1617 noreplace-paravirt [X86-32,PV_OPS] Don't patch paravirt_ops
1619 noreplace-smp [X86-32,SMP] Don't replace SMP instructions
1620 with UP alternatives
1622 noresidual [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1624 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1627 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1628 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1629 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1633 nosep [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
1635 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel,
1636 and disable the IO APIC. legacy for "maxcpus=0".
1638 nosoftlockup [KNL] Disable the soft-lockup detector.
1640 noswapaccount [KNL] Disable accounting of swap in memory resource
1641 controller. (See Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt)
1643 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1645 notsc [BUGS=X86-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1647 nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1651 nox2apic [X86-64,APIC] Do not enable x2APIC mode.
1653 nptcg= [IA64] Override max number of concurrent global TLB
1654 purges which is reported from either PAL_VM_SUMMARY or
1657 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1659 numa_zonelist_order= [KNL, BOOT] Select zonelist order for NUMA.
1660 one of ['zone', 'node', 'default'] can be specified
1661 This can be set from sysctl after boot.
1662 See Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt for details.
1664 ohci1394_dma=early [HW] enable debugging via the ohci1394 driver.
1665 See Documentation/debugging-via-ohci1394.txt for more
1668 olpc_ec_timeout= [OLPC] ms delay when issuing EC commands
1669 Rather than timing out after 20 ms if an EC
1670 command is not properly ACKed, override the length
1671 of the timeout. We have interrupts disabled while
1672 waiting for the ACK, so if this is set too high
1673 interrupts *may* be lost!
1678 oprofile.timer= [HW]
1679 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1681 oprofile.cpu_type= Force an oprofile cpu type
1682 This might be useful if you have an older oprofile
1683 userland or if you want common events.
1684 Format: { archperfmon }
1685 archperfmon: [X86] Force use of architectural
1686 perfmon on Intel CPUs instead of the
1687 CPU specific event set.
1689 osst= [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1690 Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1691 See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1693 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1696 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1697 connected to, default is 0.
1699 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1700 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1703 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1704 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1705 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1706 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1707 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1708 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1709 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1710 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1711 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1712 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1713 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1714 are specified on the command line, starting
1717 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
1718 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1719 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1720 computer where firmware has no options for setting
1721 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1722 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1723 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1725 pas2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1726 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1729 See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1732 Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
1733 the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
1734 your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
1739 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1740 See also Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
1742 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1743 earlydump [X86] dump PCI config space before the kernel
1745 off [X86] don't probe for the PCI bus
1746 bios [X86-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1747 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1748 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1749 nobios [X86-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1750 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1751 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1752 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1753 conf1 [X86] Force use of PCI Configuration
1755 conf2 [X86] Force use of PCI Configuration
1757 noaer [PCIE] If the PCIEAER kernel config parameter is
1758 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1759 disable the use of PCIE advanced error reporting.
1760 nodomains [PCI] Disable support for multiple PCI
1761 root domains (aka PCI segments, in ACPI-speak).
1762 nommconf [X86] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
1764 nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
1765 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1766 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
1767 noioapicquirk [APIC] Disable all boot interrupt quirks.
1768 Safety option to keep boot IRQs enabled. This
1769 should never be necessary.
1770 ioapicreroute [APIC] Enable rerouting of boot IRQs to the
1771 primary IO-APIC for bridges that cannot disable
1772 boot IRQs. This fixes a source of spurious IRQs
1773 when the system masks IRQs.
1774 noioapicreroute [APIC] Disable workaround that uses the
1775 boot IRQ equivalent of an IRQ that connects to
1776 a chipset where boot IRQs cannot be disabled.
1777 The opposite of ioapicreroute.
1778 biosirq [X86-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1779 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1780 on several machines and they hang the machine
1781 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1782 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1783 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1784 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1786 rom [X86] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1787 Use with caution as certain devices share
1788 address decoders between ROMs and other
1790 norom [X86] Do not assign address space to
1791 expansion ROMs that do not already have
1792 BIOS assigned address ranges.
1793 irqmask=0xMMMM [X86] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1794 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1795 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1797 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [X86] Specify the physical address
1798 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1799 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1800 F0000h-100000h range.
1801 lastbus=N [X86] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1802 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1803 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1804 explicitly which ones they are.
1805 assign-busses [X86] Always assign all PCI bus
1806 numbers ourselves, overriding
1807 whatever the firmware may have done.
1808 usepirqmask [X86] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1809 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1810 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1811 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1812 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1813 IRQ routing is enabled.
1814 noacpi [X86] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1815 or for PCI scanning.
1816 use_crs [X86] Use _CRS for PCI resource
1818 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1819 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1820 so this option is a temporary workaround
1821 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1822 skip_isa_align [X86] do not align io start addr, so can
1823 handle more pci cards
1824 firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1825 just use the configuration from the
1826 bootloader. This is currently used on
1827 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1828 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1829 noearly [X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning.
1830 This might help on some broken boards which
1831 machine check when some devices' config space
1832 is read. But various workarounds are disabled
1833 and some IOMMU drivers will not work.
1834 bfsort Sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1835 This sorting is done to get a device
1836 order compatible with older (<= 2.4) kernels.
1837 nobfsort Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1838 cbiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
1839 reserved for the CardBus bridge's IO window.
1840 The default value is 256 bytes.
1841 cbmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
1842 reserved for the CardBus bridge's memory
1843 window. The default value is 64 megabytes.
1846 [<order of align>@][<domain>:]<bus>:<slot>.<func>[; ...]
1847 Specifies alignment and device to reassign
1848 aligned memory resources.
1849 If <order of align> is not specified,
1850 PAGE_SIZE is used as alignment.
1851 PCI-PCI bridge can be specified, if resource
1852 windows need to be expanded.
1854 pcie_aspm= [PCIE] Forcibly enable or disable PCIe Active State Power
1857 force Enable ASPM even on devices that claim not to support it.
1858 WARNING: Forcing ASPM on may cause system lockups.
1860 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1863 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
1865 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1868 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1871 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
1874 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
1876 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1877 See Documentation/x86/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1879 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1880 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1881 See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1883 pmtmr= [X86] Manual setup of pmtmr I/O Port.
1884 Override pmtimer IOPort with a hex value.
1888 Enable PNP debug messages. This depends on the
1889 CONFIG_PNP_DEBUG_MESSAGES option.
1895 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1898 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1901 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1903 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1904 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1907 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
1909 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1911 ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module
1913 Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports
1915 Format: <port>,<port>....
1917 print-fatal-signals=
1918 [KNL] debug: print fatal signals
1919 print-fatal-signals=1: print segfault info to
1923 printk.time= Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1924 Format: <bool> (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable)
1926 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
1927 Limit processor to maximum C-state
1928 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1930 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
1931 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
1932 instead using the legacy FADT method
1934 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1935 Format: [schedule,]<number>
1936 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
1937 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1938 statistical time based profiling.
1939 Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs).
1940 Requires CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
1941 Param: "kvm" - profile VM exits.
1943 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1945 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
1947 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1948 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1949 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1951 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
1952 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1955 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1956 psmouse.smartscroll=
1957 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
1958 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1960 pss= [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1962 <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1965 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
1968 [KNL] Number of legacy pty's. Overwrites compiled-in
1971 quiet [KNL] Disable most log messages
1976 See Documentation/md.txt.
1978 ramdisk_blocksize= [RAM]
1979 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
1981 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1982 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
1984 rcupdate.blimit= [KNL,BOOT]
1985 Set maximum number of finished RCU callbacks to process
1988 rcupdate.qhimark= [KNL,BOOT]
1989 Set threshold of queued
1990 RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
1992 rcupdate.qlowmark= [KNL,BOOT]
1993 Set threshold of queued RCU callbacks below which
1994 batch limiting is re-enabled.
1998 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
1999 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
2001 reboot= [BUGS=X86-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
2002 Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
2003 See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c or arch/*/kernel/process.c
2006 [KNL, SMP] Set scheduler's default relax_domain_level.
2007 See Documentation/cgroups/cpusets.txt.
2009 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
2011 reservetop= [X86-32]
2013 Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual
2016 reset_devices [KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device
2017 during initialization.
2020 Specify the partition device for software suspend
2022 resume_offset= [SWSUSP]
2023 Specify the offset from the beginning of the partition
2024 given by "resume=" at which the swap header is located,
2025 in <PAGE_SIZE> units (needed only for swap files).
2026 See Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt
2028 retain_initrd [RAM] Keep initrd memory after extraction
2030 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
2031 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
2033 riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
2034 Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
2036 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
2038 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
2040 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
2041 mount the root filesystem
2043 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
2045 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
2047 rootwait [KNL] Wait (indefinitely) for root device to show up.
2048 Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously
2049 (e.g. USB and MMC devices).
2051 root_plug.vendor_id=
2052 [ROOTPLUG] Override the default vendor ID
2054 root_plug.product_id=
2055 [ROOTPLUG] Override the default product ID
2058 [ROOTPLUG] Enable debugging output
2060 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
2062 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
2065 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
2067 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
2069 sc1200wdt= [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
2070 Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
2072 scsi_debug_*= [SCSI]
2073 See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
2075 scsi_default_dev_flags=
2076 [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
2079 scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
2080 Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
2081 (flags are integer value)
2083 scsi_logging_level= [SCSI] a bit mask of logging levels
2084 See drivers/scsi/scsi_logging.h for bits. Also
2085 settable via sysctl at dev.scsi.logging_level
2086 (/proc/sys/dev/scsi/logging_level).
2087 There is also a nice 'scsi_logging_level' script in the
2088 S390-tools package, available for download at
2089 http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/linux390/s390-tools-1.5.4.html
2091 scsi_mod.scan= [SCSI] sync (default) scans SCSI busses as they are
2092 discovered. async scans them in kernel threads,
2093 allowing boot to proceed. none ignores them, expecting
2094 user space to do the scan.
2096 security= [SECURITY] Choose a security module to enable at boot.
2097 If this boot parameter is not specified, only the first
2098 security module asking for security registration will be
2099 loaded. An invalid security module name will be treated
2100 as if no module has been chosen.
2102 selinux= [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
2103 Format: { "0" | "1" }
2104 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
2107 Default value is set via kernel config option.
2108 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
2109 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
2111 serialnumber [BUGS=X86-32]
2114 Maximal number of shapers.
2116 show_msr= [x86] show boot-time MSR settings
2117 Format: { <integer> }
2118 Show boot-time (BIOS-initialized) MSR settings.
2119 The parameter means the number of CPUs to show,
2120 for example 1 means boot CPU only.
2123 See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
2130 slub_debug[=options[,slabs]] [MM, SLUB]
2131 Enabling slub_debug allows one to determine the
2132 culprit if slab objects become corrupted. Enabling
2133 slub_debug can create guard zones around objects and
2134 may poison objects when not in use. Also tracks the
2135 last alloc / free. For more information see
2136 Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2138 slub_max_order= [MM, SLUB]
2139 Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs.
2140 A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory
2141 fragmentation. For more information see
2142 Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2144 slub_min_objects= [MM, SLUB]
2145 The minimum number of objects per slab. SLUB will
2146 increase the slab order up to slub_max_order to
2147 generate a sufficiently large slab able to contain
2148 the number of objects indicated. The higher the number
2149 of objects the smaller the overhead of tracking slabs
2150 and the less frequently locks need to be acquired.
2151 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2153 slub_min_order= [MM, SLUB]
2154 Determines the mininum page order for slabs. Must be
2155 lower than slub_max_order.
2156 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2158 slub_nomerge [MM, SLUB]
2159 Disable merging of slabs with similar size. May be
2160 necessary if there is some reason to distinguish
2161 allocs to different slabs. Debug options disable
2162 merging on their own.
2163 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2166 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
2168 smp-alt-once [X86-32,SMP] On a hotplug CPU system, only
2169 attempt to substitute SMP alternatives once at boot.
2171 smsc-ircc2.nopnp [HW] Don't use PNP to discover SMC devices
2172 smsc-ircc2.ircc_cfg= [HW] Device configuration I/O port
2173 smsc-ircc2.ircc_sir= [HW] SIR base I/O port
2174 smsc-ircc2.ircc_fir= [HW] FIR base I/O port
2175 smsc-ircc2.ircc_irq= [HW] IRQ line
2176 smsc-ircc2.ircc_dma= [HW] DMA channel
2177 smsc-ircc2.ircc_transceiver= [HW] Transceiver type:
2178 0: Toshiba Satellite 1800 (GP data pin select)
2179 1: Fast pin select (default)
2182 snd-ad1816a= [HW,ALSA]
2184 snd-ad1848= [HW,ALSA]
2186 snd-ali5451= [HW,ALSA]
2188 snd-als100= [HW,ALSA]
2190 snd-als4000= [HW,ALSA]
2192 snd-azt2320= [HW,ALSA]
2194 snd-cmi8330= [HW,ALSA]
2196 snd-cmipci= [HW,ALSA]
2198 snd-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
2200 snd-cs4232= [HW,ALSA]
2202 snd-cs4236= [HW,ALSA]
2204 snd-cs4281= [HW,ALSA]
2206 snd-cs46xx= [HW,ALSA]
2208 snd-dt019x= [HW,ALSA]
2210 snd-dummy= [HW,ALSA]
2212 snd-emu10k1= [HW,ALSA]
2214 snd-ens1370= [HW,ALSA]
2216 snd-ens1371= [HW,ALSA]
2218 snd-es968= [HW,ALSA]
2220 snd-es1688= [HW,ALSA]
2222 snd-es18xx= [HW,ALSA]
2224 snd-es1938= [HW,ALSA]
2226 snd-es1968= [HW,ALSA]
2228 snd-fm801= [HW,ALSA]
2230 snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
2232 snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
2234 snd-gusmax= [HW,ALSA]
2238 snd-ice1712= [HW,ALSA]
2240 snd-intel8x0= [HW,ALSA]
2242 snd-interwave= [HW,ALSA]
2247 snd-korg1212= [HW,ALSA]
2249 snd-maestro3= [HW,ALSA]
2251 snd-mpu401= [HW,ALSA]
2253 snd-mtpav= [HW,ALSA]
2255 snd-nm256= [HW,ALSA]
2257 snd-opl3sa2= [HW,ALSA]
2265 snd-opti93x= [HW,ALSA]
2269 snd-rme32= [HW,ALSA]
2271 snd-rme96= [HW,ALSA]
2273 snd-rme9652= [HW,ALSA]
2279 snd-sbawe= [HW,ALSA]
2281 snd-serial= [HW,ALSA]
2283 snd-sgalaxy= [HW,ALSA]
2285 snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
2290 snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
2292 snd-trident= [HW,ALSA]
2294 snd-usb-audio= [HW,ALSA,USB]
2296 snd-via82xx= [HW,ALSA]
2298 snd-virmidi= [HW,ALSA]
2300 snd-wavefront= [HW,ALSA]
2302 snd-ymfpci= [HW,ALSA]
2305 [KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate panics.
2307 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
2308 See Documentation/sonypi.txt
2310 specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
2311 See Documentation/serial/specialix.txt.
2313 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
2319 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
2321 st= [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
2322 See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
2325 Enabled the stack tracer on boot up.
2329 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
2330 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
2331 as the initial boot-console.
2332 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
2335 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
2338 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
2342 Control how the NFS server code allocates CPUs to
2343 service thread pools. Depending on how many NICs
2344 you have and where their interrupts are bound, this
2345 option will affect which CPUs will do NFS serving.
2346 Note: this parameter cannot be changed while the
2347 NFS server is running.
2349 auto the server chooses an appropriate mode
2350 automatically using heuristics
2351 global a single global pool contains all CPUs
2352 percpu one pool for each CPU
2353 pernode one pool for each NUMA node (equivalent
2354 to global on non-NUMA machines)
2356 swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
2360 sym53c416= [HW,SCSI]
2361 See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
2363 sysrq_always_enabled
2365 Ignore sysrq setting - this boot parameter will
2366 neutralize any effect of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq.
2367 Useful for debugging.
2370 See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
2374 test_suspend= [SUSPEND]
2375 Specify "mem" (for Suspend-to-RAM) or "standby" (for
2376 standby suspend) as the system sleep state to briefly
2377 enter during system startup. The system is woken from
2378 this state using a wakeup-capable RTC alarm.
2380 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
2381 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
2383 thermal.act= [HW,ACPI]
2384 -1: disable all active trip points in all thermal zones
2385 <degrees C>: override all lowest active trip points
2387 thermal.crt= [HW,ACPI]
2388 -1: disable all critical trip points in all thermal zones
2389 <degrees C>: override all critical trip points
2391 thermal.nocrt= [HW,ACPI]
2392 Set to disable actions on ACPI thermal zone
2393 critical and hot trip points.
2395 thermal.off= [HW,ACPI]
2396 1: disable ACPI thermal control
2398 thermal.psv= [HW,ACPI]
2399 -1: disable all passive trip points
2400 <degrees C>: override all passive trip points to this
2403 thermal.tzp= [HW,ACPI]
2404 Specify global default ACPI thermal zone polling rate
2405 <deci-seconds>: poll all this frequency
2406 0: no polling (default)
2409 See comment before function dc390_setup() in
2410 drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
2414 Specify if the kernel should make use of the cpu
2415 topology informations if the hardware supports these.
2416 The scheduler will make use of these informations and
2417 e.g. base its process migration decisions on it.
2422 trace_buf_size=nn[KMG] [ftrace] will set tracing buffer size.
2424 trix= [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
2426 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
2428 tsc= Disable clocksource-must-verify flag for TSC.
2430 [x86] reliable: mark tsc clocksource as reliable, this
2431 disables clocksource verification at runtime.
2432 Used to enable high-resolution timer mode on older
2433 hardware, and in virtualized environment.
2435 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
2436 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
2438 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
2439 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
2441 u14-34f= [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
2442 See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
2451 [USB] Ignore overcurrent events (default N).
2452 Some badly-designed motherboards generate lots of
2453 bogus events, for ports that aren't wired to
2454 anything. Set this parameter to avoid log spamming.
2455 Note that genuine overcurrent events won't be
2460 Set unknown_nmi_panic=1 early on boot.
2462 usbcore.autosuspend=
2463 [USB] The autosuspend time delay (in seconds) used
2464 for newly-detected USB devices (default 2). This
2465 is the time required before an idle device will be
2466 autosuspended. Devices for which the delay is set
2467 to a negative value won't be autosuspended at all.
2469 usbcore.usbfs_snoop=
2470 [USB] Set to log all usbfs traffic (default 0 = off).
2472 usbcore.blinkenlights=
2473 [USB] Set to cycle leds on hubs (default 0 = off).
2475 usbcore.old_scheme_first=
2476 [USB] Start with the old device initialization
2477 scheme (default 0 = off).
2479 usbcore.use_both_schemes=
2480 [USB] Try the other device initialization scheme
2481 if the first one fails (default 1 = enabled).
2483 usbcore.initial_descriptor_timeout=
2484 [USB] Specifies timeout for the initial 64-byte
2485 USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR request in milliseconds
2486 (default 5000 = 5.0 seconds).
2489 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
2491 usb-storage.delay_use=
2492 [UMS] The delay in seconds before a new device is
2493 scanned for Logical Units (default 5).
2496 [UMS] A list of quirks entries to supplement or
2497 override the built-in unusual_devs list. List
2498 entries are separated by commas. Each entry has
2499 the form VID:PID:Flags where VID and PID are Vendor
2500 and Product ID values (4-digit hex numbers) and
2501 Flags is a set of characters, each corresponding
2502 to a common usb-storage quirk flag as follows:
2503 a = SANE_SENSE (collect more than 18 bytes
2505 c = FIX_CAPACITY (decrease the reported
2506 device capacity by one sector);
2507 h = CAPACITY_HEURISTICS (decrease the
2508 reported device capacity by one
2509 sector if the number is odd);
2510 i = IGNORE_DEVICE (don't bind to this
2512 l = NOT_LOCKABLE (don't try to lock and
2513 unlock ejectable media);
2514 m = MAX_SECTORS_64 (don't transfer more
2515 than 64 sectors = 32 KB at a time);
2516 o = CAPACITY_OK (accept the capacity
2517 reported by the device);
2518 r = IGNORE_RESIDUE (the device reports
2519 bogus residue values);
2520 s = SINGLE_LUN (the device has only one
2522 w = NO_WP_DETECT (don't test whether the
2523 medium is write-protected).
2524 Example: quirks=0419:aaf5:rl,0421:0433:rc
2527 vdso=2: enable compat VDSO (default with COMPAT_VDSO)
2528 vdso=1: enable VDSO (default)
2529 vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping
2532 vdso32=2: enable compat VDSO (default with COMPAT_VDSO)
2533 vdso32=1: enable 32-bit VDSO (default)
2534 vdso32=0: disable 32-bit VDSO mapping
2537 vector=percpu: enable percpu vector domain
2539 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
2540 See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
2542 vga= [BOOT,X86-32] Select a particular video mode
2543 See Documentation/x86/boot.txt and
2544 Documentation/svga.txt.
2545 Use vga=ask for menu.
2546 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
2547 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
2549 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
2550 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
2551 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
2552 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
2555 vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt.
2558 vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic.
2561 vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
2564 vt.default_blu= [VT]
2565 Format: <blue0>,<blue1>,<blue2>,...,<blue15>
2566 Change the default blue palette of the console.
2567 This is a 16-member array composed of values
2570 vt.default_grn= [VT]
2571 Format: <green0>,<green1>,<green2>,...,<green15>
2572 Change the default green palette of the console.
2573 This is a 16-member array composed of values
2576 vt.default_red= [VT]
2577 Format: <red0>,<red1>,<red2>,...,<red15>
2578 Change the default red palette of the console.
2579 This is a 16-member array composed of values
2585 Set system-wide default UTF-8 mode for all tty's.
2586 Default is 1, i.e. UTF-8 mode is enabled for all
2587 newly opened terminals.
2589 waveartist= [HW,OSS]
2590 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
2593 See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
2596 See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
2599 See Documentation/watchdog/wdt.txt.
2601 x2apic_phys [X86-64,APIC] Use x2apic physical mode instead of
2602 default x2apic cluster mode on platforms
2605 xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
2606 xd_geo= See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
2608 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
2610 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
2612 ______________________________________________________________________
2616 Add documentation for ALSA options.
2617 Add more DRM drivers.