1 ============================================
2 Information regarding the Enhanced IDE drive
3 ============================================
5 The hdparm utility can be used to control various IDE features on a
6 running system. It is packaged separately. Please Look for it on popular
9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13 BUGGY IDE CHIPSETS CAN CORRUPT DATA!!
15 PCI versions of the CMD640 and RZ1000 interfaces are now detected
16 automatically at startup when PCI BIOS support is configured.
18 Linux disables the "prefetch" ("readahead") mode of the RZ1000
19 to prevent data corruption possible due to hardware design flaws.
21 For the CMD640, linux disables "IRQ unmasking" (hdparm -u1) on any
22 drive for which the "prefetch" mode of the CMD640 is turned on.
23 If "prefetch" is disabled (hdparm -p8), then "IRQ unmasking" can be
26 For the CMD640, linux disables "32bit I/O" (hdparm -c1) on any drive
27 for which the "prefetch" mode of the CMD640 is turned off.
28 If "prefetch" is enabled (hdparm -p9), then "32bit I/O" can be
31 The CMD640 is also used on some Vesa Local Bus (VLB) cards, and is *NOT*
32 automatically detected by Linux. For safe, reliable operation with such
33 interfaces, one *MUST* use the "cmd640.probe_vlb" kernel option.
35 Use of the "serialize" option is no longer necessary.
37 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
42 - 40-conductor IDE cables are capable of transferring data in DMA modes up to
45 - If possible devices should be attached to separate channels if they are
46 available. Typically the disk on the first and CD-ROM on the second.
48 - If you mix devices on the same cable, please consider using similar devices
49 in respect of the data transfer mode they support.
51 - Even better try to stick to the same vendor and device type on the same
54 This is the multiple IDE interface driver, as evolved from hd.c
55 ===============================================================
57 It supports up to 9 IDE interfaces per default, on one or more IRQs (usually
58 14 & 15). There can be up to two drives per interface, as per the ATA-6 spec.::
60 Primary: ide0, port 0x1f0; major=3; hda is minor=0; hdb is minor=64
61 Secondary: ide1, port 0x170; major=22; hdc is minor=0; hdd is minor=64
62 Tertiary: ide2, port 0x1e8; major=33; hde is minor=0; hdf is minor=64
63 Quaternary: ide3, port 0x168; major=34; hdg is minor=0; hdh is minor=64
64 fifth.. ide4, usually PCI, probed
65 sixth.. ide5, usually PCI, probed
67 To access devices on interfaces > ide0, device entries please make sure that
68 device files for them are present in /dev. If not, please create such
69 entries, by using /dev/MAKEDEV.
71 This driver automatically probes for most IDE interfaces (including all PCI
72 ones), for the drives/geometries attached to those interfaces, and for the IRQ
73 lines being used by the interfaces (normally 14, 15 for ide0/ide1).
75 Any number of interfaces may share a single IRQ if necessary, at a slight
76 performance penalty, whether on separate cards or a single VLB card.
77 The IDE driver automatically detects and handles this. However, this may
78 or may not be harmful to your hardware.. two or more cards driving the same IRQ
79 can potentially burn each other's bus driver, though in practice this
80 seldom occurs. Be careful, and if in doubt, don't do it!
82 Drives are normally found by auto-probing and/or examining the CMOS/BIOS data.
83 For really weird situations, the apparent (fdisk) geometry can also be specified
84 on the kernel "command line" using LILO. The format of such lines is::
86 ide_core.chs=[interface_number.device_number]:cyls,heads,sects
90 ide_core.cdrom=[interface_number.device_number]
94 ide_core.chs=1.0:1050,32,64 ide_core.cdrom=1.1
96 The results of successful auto-probing may override the physical geometry/irq
97 specified, though the "original" geometry may be retained as the "logical"
98 geometry for partitioning purposes (fdisk).
100 If the auto-probing during boot time confuses a drive (ie. the drive works
101 with hd.c but not with ide.c), then an command line option may be specified
102 for each drive for which you'd like the drive to skip the hardware
103 probe/identification sequence. For example::
109 ide_core.chs=1.0:768,16,32
112 Note that when only one IDE device is attached to an interface, it should be
113 jumpered as "single" or "master", *not* "slave". Many folks have had
114 "trouble" with cdroms because of this requirement, so the driver now probes
115 for both units, though success is more likely when the drive is jumpered
118 Courtesy of Scott Snyder and others, the driver supports ATAPI cdrom drives
119 such as the NEC-260 and the new MITSUMI triple/quad speed drives.
120 Such drives will be identified at boot time, just like a hard disk.
122 If for some reason your cdrom drive is *not* found at boot time, you can force
123 the probe to look harder by supplying a kernel command line parameter
126 ide_core.cdrom=1.0 /* "master" on second interface (hdc) */
130 ide_core.cdrom=1.1 /* "slave" on second interface (hdd) */
132 For example, a GW2000 system might have a hard drive on the primary
133 interface (/dev/hda) and an IDE cdrom drive on the secondary interface
134 (/dev/hdc). To mount a CD in the cdrom drive, one would use something like::
136 ln -sf /dev/hdc /dev/cdrom
138 mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom -t iso9660 -o ro
140 If, after doing all of the above, mount doesn't work and you see
141 errors from the driver (with dmesg) complaining about `status=0xff`,
142 this means that the hardware is not responding to the driver's attempts
143 to read it. One of the following is probably the problem:
145 - Your hardware is broken.
147 - You are using the wrong address for the device, or you have the
148 drive jumpered wrong. Review the configuration instructions above.
150 - Your IDE controller requires some nonstandard initialization sequence
151 before it will work properly. If this is the case, there will often
152 be a separate MS-DOS driver just for the controller. IDE interfaces
153 on sound cards usually fall into this category. Such configurations
154 can often be made to work by first booting MS-DOS, loading the
155 appropriate drivers, and then warm-booting linux (without powering
156 off). This can be automated using loadlin in the MS-DOS autoexec.
158 If you always get timeout errors, interrupts from the drive are probably
159 not making it to the host. Check how you have the hardware jumpered
160 and make sure it matches what the driver expects (see the configuration
161 instructions above). If you have a PCI system, also check the BIOS
162 setup; I've had one report of a system which was shipped with IRQ 15
163 disabled by the BIOS.
165 The kernel is able to execute binaries directly off of the cdrom,
166 provided it is mounted with the default block size of 1024 (as above).
168 Please pass on any feedback on any of this stuff to the maintainer,
169 whose address can be found in linux/MAINTAINERS.
171 The IDE driver is modularized. The high level disk/CD-ROM/tape/floppy
172 drivers can always be compiled as loadable modules, the chipset drivers
173 can only be compiled into the kernel, and the core code (ide.c) can be
174 compiled as a loadable module provided no chipset support is needed.
176 When using ide.c as a module in combination with kmod, add::
178 alias block-major-3 ide-probe
180 to a configuration file in /etc/modprobe.d/.
182 When ide.c is used as a module, you can pass command line parameters to the
183 driver using the "options=" keyword to insmod, while replacing any ',' with
187 Summary of ide driver parameters for kernel command line
188 ========================================================
190 For legacy IDE VLB host drivers (ali14xx/dtc2278/ht6560b/qd65xx/umc8672)
191 you need to explicitly enable probing by using "probe" kernel parameter,
192 i.e. to enable probing for ALI M14xx chipsets (ali14xx host driver) use:
194 * "ali14xx.probe" boot option when ali14xx driver is built-in the kernel
196 * "probe" module parameter when ali14xx driver is compiled as module
197 ("modprobe ali14xx probe")
199 Also for legacy CMD640 host driver (cmd640) you need to use "probe_vlb"
200 kernel paremeter to enable probing for VLB version of the chipset (PCI ones
201 are detected automatically).
203 You also need to use "probe" kernel parameter for ide-4drives driver
204 (support for IDE generic chipset with four drives on one port).
206 To enable support for IDE doublers on Amiga use "doubler" kernel parameter
207 for gayle host driver (i.e. "gayle.doubler" if the driver is built-in).
209 To force ignoring cable detection (this should be needed only if you're using
210 short 40-wires cable which cannot be automatically detected - if this is not
211 a case please report it as a bug instead) use "ignore_cable" kernel parameter:
213 * "ide_core.ignore_cable=[interface_number]" boot option if IDE is built-in
214 (i.e. "ide_core.ignore_cable=1" to force ignoring cable for "ide1")
216 * "ignore_cable=[interface_number]" module parameter (for ide_core module)
217 if IDE is compiled as module
219 Other kernel parameters for ide_core are:
221 * "nodma=[interface_number.device_number]" to disallow DMA for a device
223 * "noflush=[interface_number.device_number]" to disable flush requests
225 * "nohpa=[interface_number.device_number]" to disable Host Protected Area
227 * "noprobe=[interface_number.device_number]" to skip probing
229 * "nowerr=[interface_number.device_number]" to ignore the WRERR_STAT bit
231 * "cdrom=[interface_number.device_number]" to force device as a CD-ROM
233 * "chs=[interface_number.device_number]" to force device as a disk (using CHS)
240 Integrated Drive Electronics, meaning that each drive has a built-in
241 controller, which is why an "IDE interface card" is not a "controller card".
244 AT (the old IBM 286 computer) Attachment Interface, a draft American
245 National Standard for connecting hard drives to PCs. This is the official
248 The latest standards define some enhancements, known as the ATA-6 spec,
249 which grew out of vendor-specific "Enhanced IDE" (EIDE) implementations.
252 ATA Packet Interface, a new protocol for controlling the drives,
253 similar to SCSI protocols, created at the same time as the ATA2 standard.
254 ATAPI is currently used for controlling CDROM, TAPE and FLOPPY (ZIP or
255 LS120/240) devices, removable R/W cartridges, and for high capacity hard disk
261 Wed Apr 17 22:52:44 CEST 2002 edited by Marcin Dalecki, the current
264 Wed Aug 20 22:31:29 CEST 2003 updated ide boot options to current ide.c
265 comments at 2.6.0-test4 time. Maciej Soltysiak <solt@dns.toxicfilms.tv>