1 ==================================
2 PMBus core driver and internal API
3 ==================================
8 [from pmbus.org] The Power Management Bus (PMBus) is an open standard
9 power-management protocol with a fully defined command language that facilitates
10 communication with power converters and other devices in a power system. The
11 protocol is implemented over the industry-standard SMBus serial interface and
12 enables programming, control, and real-time monitoring of compliant power
13 conversion products. This flexible and highly versatile standard allows for
14 communication between devices based on both analog and digital technologies, and
15 provides true interoperability which will reduce design complexity and shorten
16 time to market for power system designers. Pioneered by leading power supply and
17 semiconductor companies, this open power system standard is maintained and
18 promoted by the PMBus Implementers Forum (PMBus-IF), comprising 30+ adopters
19 with the objective to provide support to, and facilitate adoption among, users.
21 Unfortunately, while PMBus commands are standardized, there are no mandatory
22 commands, and manufacturers can add as many non-standard commands as they like.
23 Also, different PMBUs devices act differently if non-supported commands are
24 executed. Some devices return an error, some devices return 0xff or 0xffff and
25 set a status error flag, and some devices may simply hang up.
27 Despite all those difficulties, a generic PMBus device driver is still useful
28 and supported since kernel version 2.6.39. However, it was necessary to support
29 device specific extensions in addition to the core PMBus driver, since it is
30 simply unknown what new device specific functionality PMBus device developers
33 To make device specific extensions as scalable as possible, and to avoid having
34 to modify the core PMBus driver repeatedly for new devices, the PMBus driver was
35 split into core, generic, and device specific code. The core code (in
36 pmbus_core.c) provides generic functionality. The generic code (in pmbus.c)
37 provides support for generic PMBus devices. Device specific code is responsible
38 for device specific initialization and, if needed, maps device specific
39 functionality into generic functionality. This is to some degree comparable
40 to PCI code, where generic code is augmented as needed with quirks for all kinds
43 PMBus device capabilities auto-detection
44 ========================================
46 For generic PMBus devices, code in pmbus.c attempts to auto-detect all supported
47 PMBus commands. Auto-detection is somewhat limited, since there are simply too
48 many variables to consider. For example, it is almost impossible to autodetect
49 which PMBus commands are paged and which commands are replicated across all
50 pages (see the PMBus specification for details on multi-page PMBus devices).
52 For this reason, it often makes sense to provide a device specific driver if not
53 all commands can be auto-detected. The data structures in this driver can be
54 used to inform the core driver about functionality supported by individual
57 Some commands are always auto-detected. This applies to all limit commands
58 (lcrit, min, max, and crit attributes) as well as associated alarm attributes.
59 Limits and alarm attributes are auto-detected because there are simply too many
60 possible combinations to provide a manual configuration interface.
65 The API between core and device specific PMBus code is defined in
66 drivers/hwmon/pmbus/pmbus.h. In addition to the internal API, pmbus.h defines
67 standard PMBus commands and virtual PMBus commands.
69 Standard PMBus commands
70 -----------------------
72 Standard PMBus commands (commands values 0x00 to 0xff) are defined in the PMBUs
75 Virtual PMBus commands
76 ----------------------
78 Virtual PMBus commands are provided to enable support for non-standard
79 functionality which has been implemented by several chip vendors and is thus
82 Virtual PMBus commands start with command value 0x100 and can thus easily be
83 distinguished from standard PMBus commands (which can not have values larger
84 than 0xff). Support for virtual PMBus commands is device specific and thus has
85 to be implemented in device specific code.
87 Virtual commands are named PMBUS_VIRT_xxx and start with PMBUS_VIRT_BASE. All
88 virtual commands are word sized.
90 There are currently two types of virtual commands.
92 - READ commands are read-only; writes are either ignored or return an error.
93 - RESET commands are read/write. Reading reset registers returns zero
94 (used for detection), writing any value causes the associated history to be
97 Virtual commands have to be handled in device specific driver code. Chip driver
98 code returns non-negative values if a virtual command is supported, or a
99 negative error code if not. The chip driver may return -ENODATA or any other
100 Linux error code in this case, though an error code other than -ENODATA is
101 handled more efficiently and thus preferred. Either case, the calling PMBus
102 core code will abort if the chip driver returns an error code when reading
103 or writing virtual registers (in other words, the PMBus core code will never
104 send a virtual command to a chip).
106 PMBus driver information
107 ------------------------
109 PMBus driver information, defined in struct pmbus_driver_info, is the main means
110 for device specific drivers to pass information to the core PMBus driver.
111 Specifically, it provides the following information.
113 - For devices supporting its data in Direct Data Format, it provides coefficients
114 for converting register values into normalized data. This data is usually
115 provided by chip manufacturers in device datasheets.
116 - Supported chip functionality can be provided to the core driver. This may be
117 necessary for chips which react badly if non-supported commands are executed,
118 and/or to speed up device detection and initialization.
119 - Several function entry points are provided to support overriding and/or
120 augmenting generic command execution. This functionality can be used to map
121 non-standard PMBus commands to standard commands, or to augment standard
122 command return values with device specific information.
127 Functions provided by chip driver
128 ---------------------------------
130 All functions return the command return value (read) or zero (write) if
131 successful. A return value of -ENODATA indicates that there is no manufacturer
132 specific command, but that a standard PMBus command may exist. Any other
133 negative return value indicates that the commands does not exist for this
134 chip, and that no attempt should be made to read or write the standard
137 As mentioned above, an exception to this rule applies to virtual commands,
138 which *must* be handled in driver specific code. See "Virtual PMBus Commands"
139 above for more details.
141 Command execution in the core PMBus driver code is as follows::
143 if (chip_access_function) {
144 status = chip_access_function();
145 if (status != -ENODATA)
148 if (command >= PMBUS_VIRT_BASE) /* For word commands/registers only */
150 return generic_access();
152 Chip drivers may provide pointers to the following functions in struct
153 pmbus_driver_info. All functions are optional.
157 int (*read_byte_data)(struct i2c_client *client, int page, int reg);
159 Read byte from page <page>, register <reg>.
160 <page> may be -1, which means "current page".
165 int (*read_word_data)(struct i2c_client *client, int page, int phase,
168 Read word from page <page>, phase <pase>, register <reg>. If the chip does not
169 support multiple phases, the phase parameter can be ignored. If the chip
170 supports multiple phases, a phase value of 0xff indicates all phases.
174 int (*write_word_data)(struct i2c_client *client, int page, int reg,
177 Write word to page <page>, register <reg>.
181 int (*write_byte)(struct i2c_client *client, int page, u8 value);
183 Write byte to page <page>, register <reg>.
184 <page> may be -1, which means "current page".
188 int (*identify)(struct i2c_client *client, struct pmbus_driver_info *info);
190 Determine supported PMBus functionality. This function is only necessary
191 if a chip driver supports multiple chips, and the chip functionality is not
192 pre-determined. It is currently only used by the generic pmbus driver
195 Functions exported by core driver
196 ---------------------------------
198 Chip drivers are expected to use the following functions to read or write
199 PMBus registers. Chip drivers may also use direct I2C commands. If direct I2C
200 commands are used, the chip driver code must not directly modify the current
201 page, since the selected page is cached in the core driver and the core driver
202 will assume that it is selected. Using pmbus_set_page() to select a new page
207 int pmbus_set_page(struct i2c_client *client, u8 page, u8 phase);
209 Set PMBus page register to <page> and <phase> for subsequent commands.
210 If the chip does not support multiple phases, the phase parameter is
211 ignored. Otherwise, a phase value of 0xff selects all phases.
215 int pmbus_read_word_data(struct i2c_client *client, u8 page, u8 phase,
218 Read word data from <page>, <phase>, <reg>. Similar to
219 i2c_smbus_read_word_data(), but selects page and phase first. If the chip does
220 not support multiple phases, the phase parameter is ignored. Otherwise, a phase
221 value of 0xff selects all phases.
225 int pmbus_write_word_data(struct i2c_client *client, u8 page, u8 reg,
228 Write word data to <page>, <reg>. Similar to i2c_smbus_write_word_data(), but
233 int pmbus_read_byte_data(struct i2c_client *client, int page, u8 reg);
235 Read byte data from <page>, <reg>. Similar to i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(), but
236 selects page first. <page> may be -1, which means "current page".
240 int pmbus_write_byte(struct i2c_client *client, int page, u8 value);
242 Write byte data to <page>, <reg>. Similar to i2c_smbus_write_byte(), but
243 selects page first. <page> may be -1, which means "current page".
247 void pmbus_clear_faults(struct i2c_client *client);
249 Execute PMBus "Clear Fault" command on all chip pages.
250 This function calls the device specific write_byte function if defined.
251 Therefore, it must _not_ be called from that function.
255 bool pmbus_check_byte_register(struct i2c_client *client, int page, int reg);
257 Check if byte register exists. Return true if the register exists, false
259 This function calls the device specific write_byte function if defined to
260 obtain the chip status. Therefore, it must _not_ be called from that function.
264 bool pmbus_check_word_register(struct i2c_client *client, int page, int reg);
266 Check if word register exists. Return true if the register exists, false
268 This function calls the device specific write_byte function if defined to
269 obtain the chip status. Therefore, it must _not_ be called from that function.
273 int pmbus_do_probe(struct i2c_client *client, const struct i2c_device_id *id,
274 struct pmbus_driver_info *info);
276 Execute probe function. Similar to standard probe function for other drivers,
277 with the pointer to struct pmbus_driver_info as additional argument. Calls
278 identify function if supported. Must only be called from device probe
283 void pmbus_do_remove(struct i2c_client *client);
285 Execute driver remove function. Similar to standard driver remove function.
289 const struct pmbus_driver_info
290 *pmbus_get_driver_info(struct i2c_client *client);
292 Return pointer to struct pmbus_driver_info as passed to pmbus_do_probe().
295 PMBus driver platform data
296 ==========================
298 PMBus platform data is defined in include/linux/pmbus.h. Platform data
299 currently only provides a flag field with a single bit used::
301 #define PMBUS_SKIP_STATUS_CHECK (1 << 0)
303 struct pmbus_platform_data {
304 u32 flags; /* Device specific flags */
311 PMBUS_SKIP_STATUS_CHECK
312 During register detection, skip checking the status register for
313 communication or command errors.
315 Some PMBus chips respond with valid data when trying to read an unsupported
316 register. For such chips, checking the status register is mandatory when
317 trying to determine if a chip register exists or not.
318 Other PMBus chips don't support the STATUS_CML register, or report
319 communication errors for no explicable reason. For such chips, checking the
320 status register must be disabled.
322 Some i2c controllers do not support single-byte commands (write commands with
323 no data, i2c_smbus_write_byte()). With such controllers, clearing the status
324 register is impossible, and the PMBUS_SKIP_STATUS_CHECK flag must be set.