5 This chapter documents DRM internals relevant to driver authors and
6 developers working to add support for the latest features to existing
9 First, we go over some typical driver initialization requirements, like
10 setting up command buffers, creating an initial output configuration,
11 and initializing core services. Subsequent sections cover core internals
12 in more detail, providing implementation notes and examples.
14 The DRM layer provides several services to graphics drivers, many of
15 them driven by the application interfaces it provides through libdrm,
16 the library that wraps most of the DRM ioctls. These include vblank
17 event handling, memory management, output management, framebuffer
18 management, command submission & fencing, suspend/resume support, and
24 At the core of every DRM driver is a :c:type:`struct drm_driver
25 <drm_driver>` structure. Drivers typically statically initialize
26 a drm_driver structure, and then pass it to
27 drm_dev_alloc() to allocate a device instance. After the
28 device instance is fully initialized it can be registered (which makes
29 it accessible from userspace) using drm_dev_register().
31 The :c:type:`struct drm_driver <drm_driver>` structure
32 contains static information that describes the driver and features it
33 supports, and pointers to methods that the DRM core will call to
34 implement the DRM API. We will first go through the :c:type:`struct
35 drm_driver <drm_driver>` static information fields, and will
36 then describe individual operations in details as they get used in later
42 Major, Minor and Patchlevel
43 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
45 int major; int minor; int patchlevel;
46 The DRM core identifies driver versions by a major, minor and patch
47 level triplet. The information is printed to the kernel log at
48 initialization time and passed to userspace through the
49 DRM_IOCTL_VERSION ioctl.
51 The major and minor numbers are also used to verify the requested driver
52 API version passed to DRM_IOCTL_SET_VERSION. When the driver API
53 changes between minor versions, applications can call
54 DRM_IOCTL_SET_VERSION to select a specific version of the API. If the
55 requested major isn't equal to the driver major, or the requested minor
56 is larger than the driver minor, the DRM_IOCTL_SET_VERSION call will
57 return an error. Otherwise the driver's set_version() method will be
58 called with the requested version.
60 Name, Description and Date
61 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
63 char \*name; char \*desc; char \*date;
64 The driver name is printed to the kernel log at initialization time,
65 used for IRQ registration and passed to userspace through
68 The driver description is a purely informative string passed to
69 userspace through the DRM_IOCTL_VERSION ioctl and otherwise unused by
72 The driver date, formatted as YYYYMMDD, is meant to identify the date of
73 the latest modification to the driver. However, as most drivers fail to
74 update it, its value is mostly useless. The DRM core prints it to the
75 kernel log at initialization time and passes it to userspace through the
76 DRM_IOCTL_VERSION ioctl.
81 .. kernel-doc:: include/drm/drm_module.h
84 Managing Ownership of the Framebuffer Aperture
85 ----------------------------------------------
87 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_aperture.c
90 .. kernel-doc:: include/drm/drm_aperture.h
93 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_aperture.c
96 Device Instance and Driver Handling
97 -----------------------------------
99 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_drv.c
100 :doc: driver instance overview
102 .. kernel-doc:: include/drm/drm_device.h
105 .. kernel-doc:: include/drm/drm_drv.h
108 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_drv.c
114 Component Helper Usage
115 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
117 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_drv.c
118 :doc: component helper usage recommendations
120 Memory Manager Initialization
121 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
123 Every DRM driver requires a memory manager which must be initialized at
124 load time. DRM currently contains two memory managers, the Translation
125 Table Manager (TTM) and the Graphics Execution Manager (GEM). This
126 document describes the use of the GEM memory manager only. See ? for
129 Miscellaneous Device Configuration
130 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
132 Another task that may be necessary for PCI devices during configuration
133 is mapping the video BIOS. On many devices, the VBIOS describes device
134 configuration, LCD panel timings (if any), and contains flags indicating
135 device state. Mapping the BIOS can be done using the pci_map_rom()
136 call, a convenience function that takes care of mapping the actual ROM,
137 whether it has been shadowed into memory (typically at address 0xc0000)
138 or exists on the PCI device in the ROM BAR. Note that after the ROM has
139 been mapped and any necessary information has been extracted, it should
140 be unmapped; on many devices, the ROM address decoder is shared with
141 other BARs, so leaving it mapped could cause undesired behaviour like
142 hangs or memory corruption.
147 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_managed.c
148 :doc: managed resources
150 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_managed.c
153 .. kernel-doc:: include/drm/drm_managed.h
156 Bus-specific Device Registration and PCI Support
157 ------------------------------------------------
159 A number of functions are provided to help with device registration. The
160 functions deal with PCI and platform devices respectively and are only
161 provided for historical reasons. These are all deprecated and shouldn't
162 be used in new drivers. Besides that there's a few helpers for pci
165 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_pci.c
168 Open/Close, File Operations and IOCTLs
169 ======================================
176 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_file.c
177 :doc: file operations
179 .. kernel-doc:: include/drm/drm_file.h
182 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_file.c
191 .. kernel-doc:: include/drm/drm_print.h
194 .. kernel-doc:: include/drm/drm_print.h
197 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_print.c
203 .. kernel-doc:: include/drm/drm_util.h
206 .. kernel-doc:: include/drm/drm_util.h
216 KUnit (Kernel unit testing framework) provides a common framework for unit tests
217 within the Linux kernel.
219 This section covers the specifics for the DRM subsystem. For general information
220 about KUnit, please refer to Documentation/dev-tools/kunit/start.rst.
222 How to run the tests?
223 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
225 In order to facilitate running the test suite, a configuration file is present
226 in ``drivers/gpu/drm/tests/.kunitconfig``. It can be used by ``kunit.py`` as
231 $ ./tools/testing/kunit/kunit.py run --kunitconfig=drivers/gpu/drm/tests \
232 --kconfig_add CONFIG_VIRTIO_UML=y \
233 --kconfig_add CONFIG_UML_PCI_OVER_VIRTIO=y
236 The configuration included in ``.kunitconfig`` should be as generic as
238 ``CONFIG_VIRTIO_UML`` and ``CONFIG_UML_PCI_OVER_VIRTIO`` are not
239 included in it because they are only required for User Mode Linux.
245 The section very briefly covers some of the old legacy support code
246 which is only used by old DRM drivers which have done a so-called
247 shadow-attach to the underlying device instead of registering as a real
248 driver. This also includes some of the old generic buffer management and
249 command submission code. Do not use any of this in new and modern
252 Legacy Suspend/Resume
253 ---------------------
255 The DRM core provides some suspend/resume code, but drivers wanting full
256 suspend/resume support should provide save() and restore() functions.
257 These are called at suspend, hibernate, or resume time, and should
258 perform any state save or restore required by your device across suspend
261 int (\*suspend) (struct drm_device \*, pm_message_t state); int
262 (\*resume) (struct drm_device \*);
263 Those are legacy suspend and resume methods which *only* work with the
264 legacy shadow-attach driver registration functions. New driver should
265 use the power management interface provided by their bus type (usually
266 through the :c:type:`struct device_driver <device_driver>`
267 dev_pm_ops) and set these methods to NULL.
272 This should cover how DMA mapping etc. is supported by the core. These
273 functions are deprecated and should not be used.