5 This chapter documents DRM internals relevant to driver authors and
6 developers working to add support for the latest features to existing
9 First, we go over some typical driver initialization requirements, like
10 setting up command buffers, creating an initial output configuration,
11 and initializing core services. Subsequent sections cover core internals
12 in more detail, providing implementation notes and examples.
14 The DRM layer provides several services to graphics drivers, many of
15 them driven by the application interfaces it provides through libdrm,
16 the library that wraps most of the DRM ioctls. These include vblank
17 event handling, memory management, output management, framebuffer
18 management, command submission & fencing, suspend/resume support, and
24 At the core of every DRM driver is a :c:type:`struct drm_driver
25 <drm_driver>` structure. Drivers typically statically initialize
26 a drm_driver structure, and then pass it to
27 drm_dev_alloc() to allocate a device instance. After the
28 device instance is fully initialized it can be registered (which makes
29 it accessible from userspace) using drm_dev_register().
31 The :c:type:`struct drm_driver <drm_driver>` structure
32 contains static information that describes the driver and features it
33 supports, and pointers to methods that the DRM core will call to
34 implement the DRM API. We will first go through the :c:type:`struct
35 drm_driver <drm_driver>` static information fields, and will
36 then describe individual operations in details as they get used in later
42 Major, Minor and Patchlevel
43 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
45 int major; int minor; int patchlevel;
46 The DRM core identifies driver versions by a major, minor and patch
47 level triplet. The information is printed to the kernel log at
48 initialization time and passed to userspace through the
49 DRM_IOCTL_VERSION ioctl.
51 The major and minor numbers are also used to verify the requested driver
52 API version passed to DRM_IOCTL_SET_VERSION. When the driver API
53 changes between minor versions, applications can call
54 DRM_IOCTL_SET_VERSION to select a specific version of the API. If the
55 requested major isn't equal to the driver major, or the requested minor
56 is larger than the driver minor, the DRM_IOCTL_SET_VERSION call will
57 return an error. Otherwise the driver's set_version() method will be
58 called with the requested version.
60 Name, Description and Date
61 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
63 char \*name; char \*desc; char \*date;
64 The driver name is printed to the kernel log at initialization time,
65 used for IRQ registration and passed to userspace through
68 The driver description is a purely informative string passed to
69 userspace through the DRM_IOCTL_VERSION ioctl and otherwise unused by
72 The driver date, formatted as YYYYMMDD, is meant to identify the date of
73 the latest modification to the driver. However, as most drivers fail to
74 update it, its value is mostly useless. The DRM core prints it to the
75 kernel log at initialization time and passes it to userspace through the
76 DRM_IOCTL_VERSION ioctl.
78 Managing Ownership of the Framebuffer Aperture
79 ----------------------------------------------
81 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_aperture.c
84 .. kernel-doc:: include/drm/drm_aperture.h
87 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_aperture.c
90 Device Instance and Driver Handling
91 -----------------------------------
93 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_drv.c
94 :doc: driver instance overview
96 .. kernel-doc:: include/drm/drm_device.h
99 .. kernel-doc:: include/drm/drm_drv.h
102 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_drv.c
108 Component Helper Usage
109 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
111 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_drv.c
112 :doc: component helper usage recommendations
117 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_irq.c
120 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_irq.c
123 Memory Manager Initialization
124 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
126 Every DRM driver requires a memory manager which must be initialized at
127 load time. DRM currently contains two memory managers, the Translation
128 Table Manager (TTM) and the Graphics Execution Manager (GEM). This
129 document describes the use of the GEM memory manager only. See ? for
132 Miscellaneous Device Configuration
133 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
135 Another task that may be necessary for PCI devices during configuration
136 is mapping the video BIOS. On many devices, the VBIOS describes device
137 configuration, LCD panel timings (if any), and contains flags indicating
138 device state. Mapping the BIOS can be done using the pci_map_rom()
139 call, a convenience function that takes care of mapping the actual ROM,
140 whether it has been shadowed into memory (typically at address 0xc0000)
141 or exists on the PCI device in the ROM BAR. Note that after the ROM has
142 been mapped and any necessary information has been extracted, it should
143 be unmapped; on many devices, the ROM address decoder is shared with
144 other BARs, so leaving it mapped could cause undesired behaviour like
145 hangs or memory corruption.
150 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_managed.c
151 :doc: managed resources
153 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_managed.c
156 .. kernel-doc:: include/drm/drm_managed.h
159 Bus-specific Device Registration and PCI Support
160 ------------------------------------------------
162 A number of functions are provided to help with device registration. The
163 functions deal with PCI and platform devices respectively and are only
164 provided for historical reasons. These are all deprecated and shouldn't
165 be used in new drivers. Besides that there's a few helpers for pci
168 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_pci.c
171 Open/Close, File Operations and IOCTLs
172 ======================================
179 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_file.c
180 :doc: file operations
182 .. kernel-doc:: include/drm/drm_file.h
185 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_file.c
194 .. kernel-doc:: include/drm/drm_print.h
197 .. kernel-doc:: include/drm/drm_print.h
200 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_print.c
206 .. kernel-doc:: include/drm/drm_util.h
209 .. kernel-doc:: include/drm/drm_util.h
216 The section very briefly covers some of the old legacy support code
217 which is only used by old DRM drivers which have done a so-called
218 shadow-attach to the underlying device instead of registering as a real
219 driver. This also includes some of the old generic buffer management and
220 command submission code. Do not use any of this in new and modern
223 Legacy Suspend/Resume
224 ---------------------
226 The DRM core provides some suspend/resume code, but drivers wanting full
227 suspend/resume support should provide save() and restore() functions.
228 These are called at suspend, hibernate, or resume time, and should
229 perform any state save or restore required by your device across suspend
232 int (\*suspend) (struct drm_device \*, pm_message_t state); int
233 (\*resume) (struct drm_device \*);
234 Those are legacy suspend and resume methods which *only* work with the
235 legacy shadow-attach driver registration functions. New driver should
236 use the power management interface provided by their bus type (usually
237 through the :c:type:`struct device_driver <device_driver>`
238 dev_pm_ops) and set these methods to NULL.
243 This should cover how DMA mapping etc. is supported by the core. These
244 functions are deprecated and should not be used.