5 XFS is a high performance journaling filesystem which originated
6 on the SGI IRIX platform. It is completely multi-threaded, can
7 support large files and large filesystems, extended attributes,
8 variable block sizes, is extent based, and makes extensive use of
9 Btrees (directories, extents, free space) to aid both performance
12 Refer to the documentation at http://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/
13 for further details. This implementation is on-disk compatible
14 with the IRIX version of XFS.
20 When mounting an XFS filesystem, the following options are accepted.
21 For boolean mount options, the names with the (*) suffix is the
25 Sets the buffered I/O end-of-file preallocation size when
26 doing delayed allocation writeout (default size is 64KiB).
27 Valid values for this option are page size (typically 4KiB)
28 through to 1GiB, inclusive, in power-of-2 increments.
30 The default behaviour is for dynamic end-of-file
31 preallocation size, which uses a set of heuristics to
32 optimise the preallocation size based on the current
33 allocation patterns within the file and the access patterns
34 to the file. Specifying a fixed allocsize value turns off
35 the dynamic behaviour.
39 The options enable/disable an "opportunistic" improvement to
40 be made in the way inline extended attributes are stored
41 on-disk. When the new form is used for the first time when
42 attr2 is selected (either when setting or removing extended
43 attributes) the on-disk superblock feature bit field will be
44 updated to reflect this format being in use.
46 The default behaviour is determined by the on-disk feature
47 bit indicating that attr2 behaviour is active. If either
48 mount option it set, then that becomes the new default used
51 CRC enabled filesystems always use the attr2 format, and so
52 will reject the noattr2 mount option if it is set.
56 Enables/disables the use of block layer write barriers for
57 writes into the journal and for data integrity operations.
58 This allows for drive level write caching to be enabled, for
59 devices that support write barriers.
63 Enable/disable the issuing of commands to let the block
64 device reclaim space freed by the filesystem. This is
65 useful for SSD devices, thinly provisioned LUNs and virtual
66 machine images, but may have a performance impact.
68 Note: It is currently recommended that you use the fstrim
69 application to discard unused blocks rather than the discard
70 mount option because the performance impact of this option
74 nogrpid/sysvgroups (*)
75 These options define what group ID a newly created file
76 gets. When grpid is set, it takes the group ID of the
77 directory in which it is created; otherwise it takes the
78 fsgid of the current process, unless the directory has the
79 setgid bit set, in which case it takes the gid from the
80 parent directory, and also gets the setgid bit set if it is
84 Make the data allocator use the filestreams allocation mode
85 across the entire filesystem rather than just on directories
90 When ikeep is specified, XFS does not delete empty inode
91 clusters and keeps them around on disk. When noikeep is
92 specified, empty inode clusters are returned to the free
97 When inode32 is specified, it indicates that XFS limits
98 inode creation to locations which will not result in inode
99 numbers with more than 32 bits of significance.
101 When inode64 is specified, it indicates that XFS is allowed
102 to create inodes at any location in the filesystem,
103 including those which will result in inode numbers occupying
104 more than 32 bits of significance.
106 inode32 is provided for backwards compatibility with older
107 systems and applications, since 64 bits inode numbers might
108 cause problems for some applications that cannot handle
109 large inode numbers. If applications are in use which do
110 not handle inode numbers bigger than 32 bits, the inode32
111 option should be specified.
116 If "nolargeio" is specified, the optimal I/O reported in
117 st_blksize by stat(2) will be as small as possible to allow
118 user applications to avoid inefficient read/modify/write
119 I/O. This is typically the page size of the machine, as
120 this is the granularity of the page cache.
122 If "largeio" specified, a filesystem that was created with a
123 "swidth" specified will return the "swidth" value (in bytes)
124 in st_blksize. If the filesystem does not have a "swidth"
125 specified but does specify an "allocsize" then "allocsize"
126 (in bytes) will be returned instead. Otherwise the behaviour
127 is the same as if "nolargeio" was specified.
130 Set the number of in-memory log buffers. Valid numbers
131 range from 2-8 inclusive.
133 The default value is 8 buffers.
135 If the memory cost of 8 log buffers is too high on small
136 systems, then it may be reduced at some cost to performance
137 on metadata intensive workloads. The logbsize option below
138 controls the size of each buffer and so is also relevant to
142 Set the size of each in-memory log buffer. The size may be
143 specified in bytes, or in kilobytes with a "k" suffix.
144 Valid sizes for version 1 and version 2 logs are 16384 (16k)
145 and 32768 (32k). Valid sizes for version 2 logs also
146 include 65536 (64k), 131072 (128k) and 262144 (256k). The
147 logbsize must be an integer multiple of the log
148 stripe unit configured at mkfs time.
150 The default value for for version 1 logs is 32768, while the
151 default value for version 2 logs is MAX(32768, log_sunit).
153 logdev=device and rtdev=device
154 Use an external log (metadata journal) and/or real-time device.
155 An XFS filesystem has up to three parts: a data section, a log
156 section, and a real-time section. The real-time section is
157 optional, and the log section can be separate from the data
158 section or contained within it.
161 Data allocations will not be aligned at stripe unit
162 boundaries. This is only relevant to filesystems created
163 with non-zero data alignment parameters (sunit, swidth) by
167 The filesystem will be mounted without running log recovery.
168 If the filesystem was not cleanly unmounted, it is likely to
169 be inconsistent when mounted in "norecovery" mode.
170 Some files or directories may not be accessible because of this.
171 Filesystems mounted "norecovery" must be mounted read-only or
175 Don't check for double mounted file systems using the file
176 system uuid. This is useful to mount LVM snapshot volumes,
177 and often used in combination with "norecovery" for mounting
181 Forcibly turns off all quota accounting and enforcement
182 within the filesystem.
184 uquota/usrquota/uqnoenforce/quota
185 User disk quota accounting enabled, and limits (optionally)
186 enforced. Refer to xfs_quota(8) for further details.
188 gquota/grpquota/gqnoenforce
189 Group disk quota accounting enabled and limits (optionally)
190 enforced. Refer to xfs_quota(8) for further details.
192 pquota/prjquota/pqnoenforce
193 Project disk quota accounting enabled and limits (optionally)
194 enforced. Refer to xfs_quota(8) for further details.
196 sunit=value and swidth=value
197 Used to specify the stripe unit and width for a RAID device
198 or a stripe volume. "value" must be specified in 512-byte
199 block units. These options are only relevant to filesystems
200 that were created with non-zero data alignment parameters.
202 The sunit and swidth parameters specified must be compatible
203 with the existing filesystem alignment characteristics. In
204 general, that means the only valid changes to sunit are
205 increasing it by a power-of-2 multiple. Valid swidth values
206 are any integer multiple of a valid sunit value.
208 Typically the only time these mount options are necessary if
209 after an underlying RAID device has had it's geometry
210 modified, such as adding a new disk to a RAID5 lun and
214 Data allocations will be rounded up to stripe width boundaries
215 when the current end of file is being extended and the file
216 size is larger than the stripe width size.
219 When specified, all filesystem namespace operations are
220 executed synchronously. This ensures that when the namespace
221 operation (create, unlink, etc) completes, the change to the
222 namespace is on stable storage. This is useful in HA setups
223 where failover must not result in clients seeing
224 inconsistent namespace presentation during or after a
228 Deprecated Mount Options
229 ========================
234 Removed Mount Options
235 =====================
239 delaylog/nodelaylog v4.0
242 osyncisdsync/osyncisosync v4.0
248 The following sysctls are available for the XFS filesystem:
250 fs.xfs.stats_clear (Min: 0 Default: 0 Max: 1)
251 Setting this to "1" clears accumulated XFS statistics
252 in /proc/fs/xfs/stat. It then immediately resets to "0".
254 fs.xfs.xfssyncd_centisecs (Min: 100 Default: 3000 Max: 720000)
255 The interval at which the filesystem flushes metadata
256 out to disk and runs internal cache cleanup routines.
258 fs.xfs.filestream_centisecs (Min: 1 Default: 3000 Max: 360000)
259 The interval at which the filesystem ages filestreams cache
260 references and returns timed-out AGs back to the free stream
263 fs.xfs.speculative_prealloc_lifetime
264 (Units: seconds Min: 1 Default: 300 Max: 86400)
265 The interval at which the background scanning for inodes
266 with unused speculative preallocation runs. The scan
267 removes unused preallocation from clean inodes and releases
268 the unused space back to the free pool.
270 fs.xfs.error_level (Min: 0 Default: 3 Max: 11)
271 A volume knob for error reporting when internal errors occur.
272 This will generate detailed messages & backtraces for filesystem
273 shutdowns, for example. Current threshold values are:
279 fs.xfs.panic_mask (Min: 0 Default: 0 Max: 255)
280 Causes certain error conditions to call BUG(). Value is a bitmask;
281 OR together the tags which represent errors which should cause panics:
284 XFS_PTAG_IFLUSH 0x00000001
285 XFS_PTAG_LOGRES 0x00000002
286 XFS_PTAG_AILDELETE 0x00000004
287 XFS_PTAG_ERROR_REPORT 0x00000008
288 XFS_PTAG_SHUTDOWN_CORRUPT 0x00000010
289 XFS_PTAG_SHUTDOWN_IOERROR 0x00000020
290 XFS_PTAG_SHUTDOWN_LOGERROR 0x00000040
291 XFS_PTAG_FSBLOCK_ZERO 0x00000080
293 This option is intended for debugging only.
295 fs.xfs.irix_symlink_mode (Min: 0 Default: 0 Max: 1)
296 Controls whether symlinks are created with mode 0777 (default)
297 or whether their mode is affected by the umask (irix mode).
299 fs.xfs.irix_sgid_inherit (Min: 0 Default: 0 Max: 1)
300 Controls files created in SGID directories.
301 If the group ID of the new file does not match the effective group
302 ID or one of the supplementary group IDs of the parent dir, the
303 ISGID bit is cleared if the irix_sgid_inherit compatibility sysctl
306 fs.xfs.inherit_sync (Min: 0 Default: 1 Max: 1)
307 Setting this to "1" will cause the "sync" flag set
308 by the xfs_io(8) chattr command on a directory to be
309 inherited by files in that directory.
311 fs.xfs.inherit_nodump (Min: 0 Default: 1 Max: 1)
312 Setting this to "1" will cause the "nodump" flag set
313 by the xfs_io(8) chattr command on a directory to be
314 inherited by files in that directory.
316 fs.xfs.inherit_noatime (Min: 0 Default: 1 Max: 1)
317 Setting this to "1" will cause the "noatime" flag set
318 by the xfs_io(8) chattr command on a directory to be
319 inherited by files in that directory.
321 fs.xfs.inherit_nosymlinks (Min: 0 Default: 1 Max: 1)
322 Setting this to "1" will cause the "nosymlinks" flag set
323 by the xfs_io(8) chattr command on a directory to be
324 inherited by files in that directory.
326 fs.xfs.inherit_nodefrag (Min: 0 Default: 1 Max: 1)
327 Setting this to "1" will cause the "nodefrag" flag set
328 by the xfs_io(8) chattr command on a directory to be
329 inherited by files in that directory.
331 fs.xfs.rotorstep (Min: 1 Default: 1 Max: 256)
332 In "inode32" allocation mode, this option determines how many
333 files the allocator attempts to allocate in the same allocation
334 group before moving to the next allocation group. The intent
335 is to control the rate at which the allocator moves between
336 allocation groups when allocating extents for new files.
349 fs.xfs.xfsbufd_centisec v4.0
350 fs.xfs.age_buffer_centisecs v4.0
356 XFS can act differently according to the type of error found during its
357 operation. The implementation introduces the following concepts to the error
361 Defines how fast XFS should propagate an error upwards when a specific
362 error is found during the filesystem operation. It can propagate
363 immediately, after a defined number of retries, after a set time period,
364 or simply retry forever.
367 Specifies the subsystem the error configuration will apply to, such as
368 metadata IO or memory allocation. Different subsystems will have
369 different error handlers for which behaviour can be configured.
372 Defines the behavior for a specific error.
374 The filesystem behavior during an error can be set via sysfs files. Each
375 error handler works independently - the first condition met by an error handler
376 for a specific class will cause the error to be propagated rather than reset and
379 The action taken by the filesystem when the error is propagated is context
380 dependent - it may cause a shut down in the case of an unrecoverable error,
381 it may be reported back to userspace, or it may even be ignored because
382 there's nothing useful we can with the error or anyone we can report it to (e.g.
385 The configuration files are organized into the following hierarchy for each
388 /sys/fs/xfs/<dev>/error/<class>/<error>/
392 The short device name of the mounted filesystem. This is the same device
393 name that shows up in XFS kernel error messages as "XFS(<dev>): ..."
396 The subsystem the error configuration belongs to. As of 4.9, the defined
399 - "metadata": applies metadata buffer write IO
402 The individual error handler configurations.
405 Each filesystem has "global" error configuration options defined in their top
408 /sys/fs/xfs/<dev>/error/
410 fail_at_unmount (Min: 0 Default: 1 Max: 1)
411 Defines the filesystem error behavior at unmount time.
413 If set to a value of 1, XFS will override all other error configurations
414 during unmount and replace them with "immediate fail" characteristics.
415 i.e. no retries, no retry timeout. This will always allow unmount to
416 succeed when there are persistent errors present.
418 If set to 0, the configured retry behaviour will continue until all
419 retries and/or timeouts have been exhausted. This will delay unmount
420 completion when there are persistent errors, and it may prevent the
421 filesystem from ever unmounting fully in the case of "retry forever"
422 handler configurations.
424 Note: there is no guarantee that fail_at_unmount can be set whilst an
425 unmount is in progress. It is possible that the sysfs entries are
426 removed by the unmounting filesystem before a "retry forever" error
427 handler configuration causes unmount to hang, and hence the filesystem
428 must be configured appropriately before unmount begins to prevent
431 Each filesystem has specific error class handlers that define the error
432 propagation behaviour for specific errors. There is also a "default" error
433 handler defined, which defines the behaviour for all errors that don't have
434 specific handlers defined. Where multiple retry constraints are configuredi for
435 a single error, the first retry configuration that expires will cause the error
436 to be propagated. The handler configurations are found in the directory:
438 /sys/fs/xfs/<dev>/error/<class>/<error>/
440 max_retries (Min: -1 Default: Varies Max: INTMAX)
441 Defines the allowed number of retries of a specific error before
442 the filesystem will propagate the error. The retry count for a given
443 error context (e.g. a specific metadata buffer) is reset every time
444 there is a successful completion of the operation.
446 Setting the value to "-1" will cause XFS to retry forever for this
449 Setting the value to "0" will cause XFS to fail immediately when the
450 specific error is reported.
452 Setting the value to "N" (where 0 < N < Max) will make XFS retry the
453 operation "N" times before propagating the error.
455 retry_timeout_seconds (Min: -1 Default: Varies Max: 1 day)
456 Define the amount of time (in seconds) that the filesystem is
457 allowed to retry its operations when the specific error is
460 Setting the value to "-1" will allow XFS to retry forever for this
463 Setting the value to "0" will cause XFS to fail immediately when the
464 specific error is reported.
466 Setting the value to "N" (where 0 < N < Max) will allow XFS to retry the
467 operation for up to "N" seconds before propagating the error.
469 Note: The default behaviour for a specific error handler is dependent on both
470 the class and error context. For example, the default values for
471 "metadata/ENODEV" are "0" rather than "-1" so that this error handler defaults
472 to "fail immediately" behaviour. This is done because ENODEV is a fatal,
473 unrecoverable error no matter how many times the metadata IO is retried.