1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
7 Quota subsystem allows system administrator to set limits on used space and
8 number of used inodes (inode is a filesystem structure which is associated with
9 each file or directory) for users and/or groups. For both used space and number
10 of used inodes there are actually two limits. The first one is called softlimit
11 and the second one hardlimit. A user can never exceed a hardlimit for any
12 resource (unless he has CAP_SYS_RESOURCE capability). User is allowed to exceed
13 softlimit but only for limited period of time. This period is called "grace
14 period" or "grace time". When grace time is over, user is not able to allocate
15 more space/inodes until he frees enough of them to get below softlimit.
17 Quota limits (and amount of grace time) are set independently for each
20 For more details about quota design, see the documentation in quota-tools package
21 (https://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota).
23 Quota netlink interface
24 =======================
25 When user exceeds a softlimit, runs out of grace time or reaches hardlimit,
26 quota subsystem traditionally printed a message to the controlling terminal of
27 the process which caused the excess. This method has the disadvantage that
28 when user is using a graphical desktop he usually cannot see the message.
29 Thus quota netlink interface has been designed to pass information about
30 the above events to userspace. There they can be captured by an application
31 and processed accordingly.
33 The interface uses generic netlink framework (see
34 https://lwn.net/Articles/208755/ and http://www.infradead.org/~tgr/libnl/ for
35 more details about this layer). The name of the quota generic netlink interface
36 is "VFS_DQUOT". Definitions of constants below are in <linux/quota.h>. Since
37 the quota netlink protocol is not namespace aware, quota netlink messages are
38 sent only in initial network namespace.
40 Currently, the interface supports only one message type QUOTA_NL_C_WARNING.
41 This command is used to send a notification about any of the above mentioned
42 events. Each message has six attributes. These are (type of the argument is
45 QUOTA_NL_A_QTYPE (u32)
46 - type of quota being exceeded (one of USRQUOTA, GRPQUOTA)
47 QUOTA_NL_A_EXCESS_ID (u64)
48 - UID/GID (depends on quota type) of user / group whose limit
50 QUOTA_NL_A_CAUSED_ID (u64)
51 - UID of a user who caused the event
52 QUOTA_NL_A_WARNING (u32)
53 - what kind of limit is exceeded:
57 QUOTA_NL_ISOFTLONGWARN
58 inode softlimit is exceeded longer
59 than given grace period
63 space (block) hardlimit
64 QUOTA_NL_BSOFTLONGWARN
65 space (block) softlimit is exceeded
66 longer than given grace period.
68 space (block) softlimit
70 - four warnings are also defined for the event when user stops
78 space (block) hardlimit
80 space (block) softlimit
82 QUOTA_NL_A_DEV_MAJOR (u32)
83 - major number of a device with the affected filesystem
84 QUOTA_NL_A_DEV_MINOR (u32)
85 - minor number of a device with the affected filesystem