1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
16 - The @sys substitution.
22 This filesystem provides a fairly simple secure AFS filesystem driver. It is
23 under development and does not yet provide the full feature set. The features
24 it does support include:
26 (*) Security (currently only AFS kaserver and KerberosIV tickets).
28 (*) File reading and writing.
32 (*) Local caching (via fscache).
34 It does not yet support the following AFS features:
36 (*) pioctl() system call.
42 The filesystem should be enabled by turning on the kernel configuration
45 CONFIG_AF_RXRPC - The RxRPC protocol transport
46 CONFIG_RXKAD - The RxRPC Kerberos security handler
47 CONFIG_AFS - The AFS filesystem
49 Additionally, the following can be turned on to aid debugging::
51 CONFIG_AF_RXRPC_DEBUG - Permit AF_RXRPC debugging to be enabled
52 CONFIG_AFS_DEBUG - Permit AFS debugging to be enabled
54 They permit the debugging messages to be turned on dynamically by manipulating
55 the masks in the following files::
57 /sys/module/af_rxrpc/parameters/debug
58 /sys/module/kafs/parameters/debug
64 When inserting the driver modules the root cell must be specified along with a
65 list of volume location server IP addresses::
68 modprobe kafs rootcell=cambridge.redhat.com:172.16.18.73:172.16.18.91
70 The first module is the AF_RXRPC network protocol driver. This provides the
71 RxRPC remote operation protocol and may also be accessed from userspace. See:
73 Documentation/networking/rxrpc.rst
75 The second module is the kerberos RxRPC security driver, and the third module
76 is the actual filesystem driver for the AFS filesystem.
78 Once the module has been loaded, more modules can be added by the following
81 echo add grand.central.org 18.9.48.14:128.2.203.61:130.237.48.87 >/proc/fs/afs/cells
83 Where the parameters to the "add" command are the name of a cell and a list of
84 volume location servers within that cell, with the latter separated by colons.
86 Filesystems can be mounted anywhere by commands similar to the following::
88 mount -t afs "%cambridge.redhat.com:root.afs." /afs
89 mount -t afs "#cambridge.redhat.com:root.cell." /afs/cambridge
90 mount -t afs "#root.afs." /afs
91 mount -t afs "#root.cell." /afs/cambridge
93 Where the initial character is either a hash or a percent symbol depending on
94 whether you definitely want a R/W volume (percent) or whether you'd prefer a
95 R/O volume, but are willing to use a R/W volume instead (hash).
97 The name of the volume can be suffixes with ".backup" or ".readonly" to
98 specify connection to only volumes of those types.
100 The name of the cell is optional, and if not given during a mount, then the
101 named volume will be looked up in the cell specified during modprobe.
103 Additional cells can be added through /proc (see later section).
109 AFS has a concept of mountpoints. In AFS terms, these are specially formatted
110 symbolic links (of the same form as the "device name" passed to mount). kAFS
111 presents these to the user as directories that have a follow-link capability
112 (i.e.: symbolic link semantics). If anyone attempts to access them, they will
113 automatically cause the target volume to be mounted (if possible) on that site.
115 Automatically mounted filesystems will be automatically unmounted approximately
116 twenty minutes after they were last used. Alternatively they can be unmounted
117 directly with the umount() system call.
119 Manually unmounting an AFS volume will cause any idle submounts upon it to be
120 culled first. If all are culled, then the requested volume will also be
121 unmounted, otherwise error EBUSY will be returned.
123 This can be used by the administrator to attempt to unmount the whole AFS tree
124 mounted on /afs in one go by doing::
132 A mount option is available to create a serverless mount that is only usable
133 for dynamic lookup. Creating such a mount can be done by, for example::
135 mount -t afs none /afs -o dyn
137 This creates a mount that just has an empty directory at the root. Attempting
138 to look up a name in this directory will cause a mountpoint to be created that
139 looks up a cell of the same name, for example::
141 ls /afs/grand.central.org/
147 The AFS module creates a "/proc/fs/afs/" directory and populates it:
149 (*) A "cells" file that lists cells currently known to the afs module and
152 [root@andromeda ~]# cat /proc/fs/afs/cells
154 3 cambridge.redhat.com
156 (*) A directory per cell that contains files that list volume location
157 servers, volumes, and active servers known within that cell::
159 [root@andromeda ~]# cat /proc/fs/afs/cambridge.redhat.com/servers
162 [root@andromeda ~]# cat /proc/fs/afs/cambridge.redhat.com/vlservers
165 [root@andromeda ~]# cat /proc/fs/afs/cambridge.redhat.com/volumes
166 USE STT VLID[0] VLID[1] VLID[2] NAME
167 1 Val 20000000 20000001 20000002 root.afs
173 The filesystem maintains an internal database of all the cells it knows and the
174 IP addresses of the volume location servers for those cells. The cell to which
175 the system belongs is added to the database when modprobe is performed by the
176 "rootcell=" argument or, if compiled in, using a "kafs.rootcell=" argument on
177 the kernel command line.
179 Further cells can be added by commands similar to the following::
181 echo add CELLNAME VLADDR[:VLADDR][:VLADDR]... >/proc/fs/afs/cells
182 echo add grand.central.org 18.9.48.14:128.2.203.61:130.237.48.87 >/proc/fs/afs/cells
184 No other cell database operations are available at this time.
190 Secure operations are initiated by acquiring a key using the klog program. A
191 very primitive klog program is available at:
193 https://people.redhat.com/~dhowells/rxrpc/klog.c
195 This should be compiled by::
197 make klog LDLIBS="-lcrypto -lcrypt -lkrb4 -lkeyutils"
203 Assuming it's successful, this adds a key of type RxRPC, named for the service
204 and cell, e.g.: "afs@<cellname>". This can be viewed with the keyctl program or
205 by cat'ing /proc/keys::
207 [root@andromeda ~]# keyctl show
209 -3 --alswrv 0 0 keyring: _ses.3268
210 2 --alswrv 0 0 \_ keyring: _uid.0
211 111416553 --als--v 0 0 \_ rxrpc: afs@CAMBRIDGE.REDHAT.COM
213 Currently the username, realm, password and proposed ticket lifetime are
214 compiled into the program.
216 It is not required to acquire a key before using AFS facilities, but if one is
217 not acquired then all operations will be governed by the anonymous user parts
220 If a key is acquired, then all AFS operations, including mounts and automounts,
221 made by a possessor of that key will be secured with that key.
223 If a file is opened with a particular key and then the file descriptor is
224 passed to a process that doesn't have that key (perhaps over an AF_UNIX
225 socket), then the operations on the file will be made with key that was used to
229 The @sys Substitution
230 =====================
232 The list of up to 16 @sys substitutions for the current network namespace can
233 be configured by writing a list to /proc/fs/afs/sysname::
235 [root@andromeda ~]# echo foo amd64_linux_26 >/proc/fs/afs/sysname
237 or cleared entirely by writing an empty list::
239 [root@andromeda ~]# echo >/proc/fs/afs/sysname
241 The current list for current network namespace can be retrieved by::
243 [root@andromeda ~]# cat /proc/fs/afs/sysname
247 When @sys is being substituted for, each element of the list is tried in the
250 By default, the list will contain one item that conforms to the pattern
251 "<arch>_linux_26", amd64 being the name for x86_64.