1 Email clients info for Linux
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5 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
6 Patches for the Linux kernel are submitted via email, preferably as
7 inline text in the body of the email. Some maintainers accept
8 attachments, but then the attachments should have content-type
9 "text/plain". However, attachments are generally frowned upon because
10 it makes quoting portions of the patch more difficult in the patch
13 Email clients that are used for Linux kernel patches should send the
14 patch text untouched. For example, they should not modify or delete tabs
15 or spaces, even at the beginning or end of lines.
17 Don't send patches with "format=flowed". This can cause unexpected
18 and unwanted line breaks.
20 Don't let your email client do automatic word wrapping for you.
21 This can also corrupt your patch.
23 Email clients should not modify the character set encoding of the text.
24 Emailed patches should be in ASCII or UTF-8 encoding only.
25 If you configure your email client to send emails with UTF-8 encoding,
26 you avoid some possible charset problems.
28 Email clients should generate and maintain References: or In-Reply-To:
29 headers so that mail threading is not broken.
31 Copy-and-paste (or cut-and-paste) usually does not work for patches
32 because tabs are converted to spaces. Using xclipboard, xclip, and/or
33 xcutsel may work, but it's best to test this for yourself or just avoid
36 Don't use PGP/GPG signatures in mail that contains patches.
37 This breaks many scripts that read and apply the patches.
38 (This should be fixable.)
40 It's a good idea to send a patch to yourself, save the received message,
41 and successfully apply it with 'patch' before sending patches to Linux
45 Some email client (MUA) hints
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47 Here are some specific MUA configuration hints for editing and sending
48 patches for the Linux kernel. These are not meant to be complete
49 software package configuration summaries.
52 TUI = text-based user interface
53 GUI = graphical user interface
55 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
59 In the "Sending Preferences" section:
61 - "Do Not Send Flowed Text" must be enabled
62 - "Strip Whitespace Before Sending" must be disabled
64 When composing the message, the cursor should be placed where the patch
65 should appear, and then pressing CTRL-R let you specify the patch file
66 to insert into the message.
68 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
71 Some people use this successfully for patches.
73 When composing mail select: Preformat
74 from Format->Heading->Preformatted (Ctrl-7)
78 Insert->Text File... (Alt-n x)
81 You can also "diff -Nru old.c new.c | xclip", select Preformat, then
82 paste with the middle button.
84 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
87 Some people use Kmail successfully for patches.
89 The default setting of not composing in HTML is appropriate; do not
92 When composing an email, under options, uncheck "word wrap". The only
93 disadvantage is any text you type in the email will not be word-wrapped
94 so you will have to manually word wrap text before the patch. The easiest
95 way around this is to compose your email with word wrap enabled, then save
96 it as a draft. Once you pull it up again from your drafts it is now hard
97 word-wrapped and you can uncheck "word wrap" without losing the existing
100 At the bottom of your email, put the commonly-used patch delimiter before
101 inserting your patch: three hyphens (---).
103 Then from the "Message" menu item, select insert file and choose your patch.
104 As an added bonus you can customise the message creation toolbar menu
105 and put the "insert file" icon there.
107 Make the the composer window wide enough so that no lines wrap. As of
108 KMail 1.13.5 (KDE 4.5.4), KMail will apply word wrapping when sending
109 the email if the lines wrap in the composer window. Having word wrapping
110 disabled in the Options menu isn't enough. Thus, if your patch has very
111 long lines, you must make the composer window very wide before sending
112 the email. See: https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=174034
114 You can safely GPG sign attachments, but inlined text is preferred for
115 patches so do not GPG sign them. Signing patches that have been inserted
116 as inlined text will make them tricky to extract from their 7-bit encoding.
118 If you absolutely must send patches as attachments instead of inlining
119 them as text, right click on the attachment and select properties, and
120 highlight "Suggest automatic display" to make the attachment inlined to
121 make it more viewable.
123 When saving patches that are sent as inlined text, select the email that
124 contains the patch from the message list pane, right click and select
125 "save as". You can use the whole email unmodified as a patch if it was
126 properly composed. There is no option currently to save the email when you
127 are actually viewing it in its own window -- there has been a request filed
128 at kmail's bugzilla and hopefully this will be addressed. Emails are saved
129 as read-write for user only so you will have to chmod them to make them
130 group and world readable if you copy them elsewhere.
132 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
137 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
140 Plenty of Linux developers use mutt, so it must work pretty well.
142 Mutt doesn't come with an editor, so whatever editor you use should be
143 used in a way that there are no automatic linebreaks. Most editors have
144 an "insert file" option that inserts the contents of a file unaltered.
146 To use 'vim' with mutt:
149 If using xclip, type the command
151 before middle button or shift-insert or use
154 if you want to include the patch inline.
155 (a)ttach works fine without "set paste".
158 It should work with default settings.
159 However, it's a good idea to set the "send_charset" to:
160 set send_charset="us-ascii:utf-8"
162 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
165 Pine has had some whitespace truncation issues in the past, but these
166 should all be fixed now.
168 Use alpine (pine's successor) if you can.
171 - quell-flowed-text is needed for recent versions
172 - the "no-strip-whitespace-before-send" option is needed
175 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
178 - Works well for inlining text (or using attachments).
179 - Allows use of an external editor.
180 - Is slow on large folders.
181 - Won't do TLS SMTP auth over a non-SSL connection.
182 - Has a helpful ruler bar in the compose window.
183 - Adding addresses to address book doesn't understand the display name
186 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
189 Thunderbird is an Outlook clone that likes to mangle text, but there are ways
190 to coerce it into behaving.
192 - Allows use of an external editor:
193 The easiest thing to do with Thunderbird and patches is to use an
194 "external editor" extension and then just use your favorite $EDITOR
195 for reading/merging patches into the body text. To do this, download
196 and install the extension, then add a button for it using
197 View->Toolbars->Customize... and finally just click on it when in the
200 To beat some sense out of the internal editor, do this:
202 - Edit your Thunderbird config settings so that it won't use format=flowed.
203 Go to "edit->preferences->advanced->config editor" to bring up the
204 thunderbird's registry editor, and set "mailnews.send_plaintext_flowed" to
207 - Disable HTML Format: Set "mail.identity.id1.compose_html" to "false".
209 - Enable "preformat" mode: Set "editor.quotesPreformatted" to "true".
211 - Enable UTF8: Set "prefs.converted-to-utf8" to "true".
213 - Install the "toggle wordwrap" extension. Download the file from:
214 https://addons.mozilla.org/thunderbird/addon/2351/
215 Then go to "tools->add ons", select "install" at the bottom of the screen,
216 and browse to where you saved the .xul file. This adds an "Enable
217 Wordwrap" entry under the Options menu of the message composer.
219 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
222 Works. Use "Insert file..." or external editor.
224 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
227 Does not work for sending patches.
229 Gmail web client converts tabs to spaces automatically.
231 At the same time it wraps lines every 78 chars with CRLF style line breaks
232 although tab2space problem can be solved with external editor.
234 Another problem is that Gmail will base64-encode any message that has a
235 non-ASCII character. That includes things like European names.