1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 =============================
4 Scatterlist Cryptographic API
5 =============================
10 The Scatterlist Crypto API takes page vectors (scatterlists) as
11 arguments, and works directly on pages. In some cases (e.g. ECB
12 mode ciphers), this will allow for pages to be encrypted in-place
15 One of the initial goals of this design was to readily support IPsec,
16 so that processing can be applied to paged skb's without the need
23 At the lowest level are algorithms, which register dynamically with the
26 'Transforms' are user-instantiated objects, which maintain state, handle all
27 of the implementation logic (e.g. manipulating page vectors) and provide an
28 abstraction to the underlying algorithms. However, at the user
29 level they are very simple.
31 Conceptually, the API layering looks like this::
33 [transform api] (user interface)
34 [transform ops] (per-type logic glue e.g. cipher.c, compress.c)
35 [algorithm api] (for registering algorithms)
37 The idea is to make the user interface and algorithm registration API
38 very simple, while hiding the core logic from both. Many good ideas
39 from existing APIs such as Cryptoapi and Nettle have been adapted for this.
41 The API currently supports five main types of transforms: AEAD (Authenticated
42 Encryption with Associated Data), Block Ciphers, Ciphers, Compressors and
45 Please note that Block Ciphers is somewhat of a misnomer. It is in fact
46 meant to support all ciphers including stream ciphers. The difference
47 between Block Ciphers and Ciphers is that the latter operates on exactly
48 one block while the former can operate on an arbitrary amount of data,
49 subject to block size requirements (i.e., non-stream ciphers can only
50 process multiples of blocks).
52 Here's an example of how to use the API::
54 #include <crypto/hash.h>
55 #include <linux/err.h>
56 #include <linux/scatterlist.h>
58 struct scatterlist sg[2];
60 struct crypto_ahash *tfm;
61 struct ahash_request *req;
63 tfm = crypto_alloc_ahash("md5", 0, CRYPTO_ALG_ASYNC);
67 /* ... set up the scatterlists ... */
69 req = ahash_request_alloc(tfm, GFP_ATOMIC);
73 ahash_request_set_callback(req, 0, NULL, NULL);
74 ahash_request_set_crypt(req, sg, result, 2);
76 if (crypto_ahash_digest(req))
79 ahash_request_free(req);
80 crypto_free_ahash(tfm);
83 Many real examples are available in the regression test module (tcrypt.c).
89 Transforms may only be allocated in user context, and cryptographic
90 methods may only be called from softirq and user contexts. For
91 transforms with a setkey method it too should only be called from
94 When using the API for ciphers, performance will be optimal if each
95 scatterlist contains data which is a multiple of the cipher's block
96 size (typically 8 bytes). This prevents having to do any copying
97 across non-aligned page fragment boundaries.
100 Adding New Algorithms
101 =====================
103 When submitting a new algorithm for inclusion, a mandatory requirement
104 is that at least a few test vectors from known sources (preferably
105 standards) be included.
107 Converting existing well known code is preferred, as it is more likely
108 to have been reviewed and widely tested. If submitting code from LGPL
109 sources, please consider changing the license to GPL (see section 3 of
112 Algorithms submitted must also be generally patent-free (e.g. IDEA
113 will not be included in the mainline until around 2011), and be based
114 on a recognized standard and/or have been subjected to appropriate
117 Also check for any RFCs which may relate to the use of specific algorithms,
118 as well as general application notes such as RFC2451 ("The ESP CBC-Mode
121 It's a good idea to avoid using lots of macros and use inlined functions
122 instead, as gcc does a good job with inlining, while excessive use of
123 macros can cause compilation problems on some platforms.
125 Also check the TODO list at the web site listed below to see what people
126 might already be working on.
133 linux-crypto@vger.kernel.org
136 Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>,
137 David S. Miller <davem@redhat.com>
143 For further patches and various updates, including the current TODO
145 http://gondor.apana.org.au/~herbert/crypto/
159 The following people provided invaluable feedback during the development
164 - Herbert Valerio Riedel
171 Portions of this API were derived from the following projects:
173 Kerneli Cryptoapi (http://www.kerneli.org/)
175 - Herbert Valerio Riedel
185 Nettle (https://www.lysator.liu.se/~nisse/nettle/)
188 Original developers of the crypto algorithms:
191 - Andrew Tridgell and Steve French (MD4)
194 - Jean-Luc Cooke (SHA256, SHA384, SHA512)
195 - Kazunori Miyazawa / USAGI (HMAC)
196 - Matthew Skala (Twofish)
197 - Dag Arne Osvik (Serpent)
198 - Brian Gladman (AES)
199 - Kartikey Mahendra Bhatt (CAST6)
200 - Jon Oberheide (ARC4)
201 - Jouni Malinen (Michael MIC)
202 - NTT(Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation) (Camellia)
204 SHA1 algorithm contributors:
207 DES algorithm contributors:
212 Blowfish algorithm contributors:
213 - Herbert Valerio Riedel
216 Twofish algorithm contributors:
220 SHA256/384/512 algorithm contributors:
223 - Herbert Valerio Riedel
225 AES algorithm contributors:
227 - Herbert Valerio Riedel
230 - Fruhwirth Clemens (i586)
231 - Linus Torvalds (i586)
233 CAST5 algorithm contributors:
234 - Kartikey Mahendra Bhatt (original developers unknown, FSF copyright).
236 TEA/XTEA algorithm contributors:
240 Khazad algorithm contributors:
243 Whirlpool algorithm contributors:
247 Anubis algorithm contributors:
250 Tiger algorithm contributors:
253 VIA PadLock contributors:
256 Camellia algorithm contributors:
257 - NTT(Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation) (Camellia)
259 Generic scatterwalk code by Adam J. Richter <adam@yggdrasil.com>
261 Please send any credits updates or corrections to:
262 Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>