1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 ========================
4 Null block device driver
5 ========================
10 The null block device (``/dev/nullb*``) is used for benchmarking the various
11 block-layer implementations. It emulates a block device of X gigabytes in size.
12 It does not execute any read/write operation, just mark them as complete in
13 the request queue. The following instances are possible:
15 Multi-queue block-layer
18 - Configurable submission queues per device.
20 No block-layer (Known as bio-based)
22 - Bio-based. IO requests are submitted directly to the device driver.
23 - Directly accepts bio data structure and returns them.
25 All of them have a completion queue for each core in the system.
30 queue_mode=[0-2]: Default: 2-Multi-queue
31 Selects which block-layer the module should instantiate with.
35 1 Single-queue (deprecated)
39 home_node=[0--nr_nodes]: Default: NUMA_NO_NODE
40 Selects what CPU node the data structures are allocated from.
42 gb=[Size in GB]: Default: 250GB
43 The size of the device reported to the system.
45 bs=[Block size (in bytes)]: Default: 512 bytes
46 The block size reported to the system.
48 nr_devices=[Number of devices]: Default: 1
49 Number of block devices instantiated. They are instantiated as /dev/nullb0,
52 irqmode=[0-2]: Default: 1-Soft-irq
53 The completion mode used for completing IOs to the block-layer.
55 = ===========================================================================
57 1 Soft-irq. Uses IPI to complete IOs across CPU nodes. Simulates the overhead
58 when IOs are issued from another CPU node than the home the device is
60 2 Timer: Waits a specific period (completion_nsec) for each IO before
62 = ===========================================================================
64 completion_nsec=[ns]: Default: 10,000ns
65 Combined with irqmode=2 (timer). The time each completion event must wait.
67 submit_queues=[1..nr_cpus]: Default: 1
68 The number of submission queues attached to the device driver. If unset, it
69 defaults to 1. For multi-queue, it is ignored when use_per_node_hctx module
72 hw_queue_depth=[0..qdepth]: Default: 64
73 The hardware queue depth of the device.
75 memory_backed=[0/1]: Default: 0
76 Whether or not to use a memory buffer to respond to IO requests
78 = =============================================
79 0 Transfer no data in response to IO requests
80 1 Use a memory buffer to respond to IO requests
81 = =============================================
83 discard=[0/1]: Default: 0
84 Support discard operations (requires memory-backed null_blk device).
86 = =====================================
87 0 Do not support discard operations
88 1 Enable support for discard operations
89 = =====================================
91 cache_size=[Size in MB]: Default: 0
92 Cache size in MB for memory-backed device.
94 mbps=[Maximum bandwidth in MB/s]: Default: 0 (no limit)
95 Bandwidth limit for device performance.
97 Multi-queue specific parameters
98 -------------------------------
100 use_per_node_hctx=[0/1]: Default: 0
101 Number of hardware context queues.
103 = =====================================================================
104 0 The number of submit queues are set to the value of the submit_queues
106 1 The multi-queue block layer is instantiated with a hardware dispatch
107 queue for each CPU node in the system.
108 = =====================================================================
110 no_sched=[0/1]: Default: 0
111 Enable/disable the io scheduler.
113 = ======================================
114 0 nullb* use default blk-mq io scheduler
115 1 nullb* doesn't use io scheduler
116 = ======================================
118 blocking=[0/1]: Default: 0
119 Blocking behavior of the request queue.
121 = ===============================================================
122 0 Register as a non-blocking blk-mq driver device.
123 1 Register as a blocking blk-mq driver device, null_blk will set
124 the BLK_MQ_F_BLOCKING flag, indicating that it sometimes/always
125 needs to block in its ->queue_rq() function.
126 = ===============================================================
128 shared_tags=[0/1]: Default: 0
129 Sharing tags between devices.
131 = ================================================================
132 0 Tag set is not shared.
133 1 Tag set shared between devices for blk-mq. Only makes sense with
134 nr_devices > 1, otherwise there's no tag set to share.
135 = ================================================================
137 zoned=[0/1]: Default: 0
138 Device is a random-access or a zoned block device.
140 = ======================================================================
141 0 Block device is exposed as a random-access block device.
142 1 Block device is exposed as a host-managed zoned block device. Requires
143 CONFIG_BLK_DEV_ZONED.
144 = ======================================================================
146 zone_size=[MB]: Default: 256
147 Per zone size when exposed as a zoned block device. Must be a power of two.
149 zone_nr_conv=[nr_conv]: Default: 0
150 The number of conventional zones to create when block device is zoned. If
151 zone_nr_conv >= nr_zones, it will be reduced to nr_zones - 1.