5 Too many problems popped up because of unnoticed misaligned memory access in
6 kernel code lately. Therefore the alignment fixup is now unconditionally
7 configured in for SA11x0 based targets. According to Alan Cox, this is a
8 bad idea to configure it out, but Russell King has some good reasons for
9 doing so on some f***ed up ARM architectures like the EBSA110. However
10 this is not the case on many design I'm aware of, like all SA11x0 based
13 Of course this is a bad idea to rely on the alignment trap to perform
14 unaligned memory access in general. If those access are predictable, you
15 are better to use the macros provided by include/asm/unaligned.h. The
16 alignment trap can fixup misaligned access for the exception cases, but at
17 a high performance cost. It better be rare.
19 Now for user space applications, it is possible to configure the alignment
20 trap to SIGBUS any code performing unaligned access (good for debugging bad
21 code), or even fixup the access by software like for kernel code. The later
22 mode isn't recommended for performance reasons (just think about the
23 floating point emulation that works about the same way). Fix your code
26 Please note that randomly changing the behaviour without good thought is
27 real bad - it changes the behaviour of all unaligned instructions in user
28 space, and might cause programs to fail unexpectedly.
30 To change the alignment trap behavior, simply echo a number into
31 /proc/cpu/alignment. The number is made up from various bits:
33 === ========================================================
35 === ========================================================
36 0 A user process performing an unaligned memory access
37 will cause the kernel to print a message indicating
38 process name, pid, pc, instruction, address, and the
41 1 The kernel will attempt to fix up the user process
42 performing the unaligned access. This is of course
43 slow (think about the floating point emulator) and
44 not recommended for production use.
46 2 The kernel will send a SIGBUS signal to the user process
47 performing the unaligned access.
48 === ========================================================
50 Note that not all combinations are supported - only values 0 through 5.
51 (6 and 7 don't make sense).
53 For example, the following will turn on the warnings, but without
54 fixing up or sending SIGBUS signals::
56 echo 1 > /proc/cpu/alignment
58 You can also read the content of the same file to get statistical
59 information on unaligned access occurrences plus the current mode of
60 operation for user space code.
63 Nicolas Pitre, Mar 13, 2001. Modified Russell King, Nov 30, 2001.