1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
8 1. With Digital TV, a single physical channel may have different
9 contents inside it. The specs call each one as a *service*.
10 This is what a TV user would call "channel". So, in order to
11 avoid confusion, we're calling *transponders* as the physical
12 channel on this FAQ, and *services* for the logical channel.
13 2. The LinuxTV community maintains some Wiki pages with contain
14 a lot of information related to the media subsystem. If you
15 don't find an answer for your needs here, it is likely that
16 you'll be able to get something useful there. It is hosted
19 https://www.linuxtv.org/wiki/
21 Some very frequently asked questions about Linux Digital TV support
23 1. The signal seems to die a few seconds after tuning.
25 It's not a bug, it's a feature. Because the frontends have
26 significant power requirements (and hence get very hot), they
27 are powered down if they are unused (i.e. if the frontend device
28 is closed). The ``dvb-core`` module parameter ``dvb_shutdown_timeout``
29 allow you to change the timeout (default 5 seconds). Setting the
30 timeout to 0 disables the timeout feature.
32 2. How can I watch TV?
34 Together with the Linux Kernel, the Digital TV developers support
35 some simple utilities which are mainly intended for testing
36 and to demonstrate how the DVB API works. This is called DVB v5
37 tools and are grouped together with the ``v4l-utils`` git repository:
39 https://git.linuxtv.org/v4l-utils.git/
41 You can find more information at the LinuxTV wiki:
43 https://www.linuxtv.org/wiki/index.php/DVBv5_Tools
45 The first step is to get a list of services that are transmitted.
47 This is done by using several existing tools. You can use
48 for example the ``dvbv5-scan`` tool. You can find more information
51 https://www.linuxtv.org/wiki/index.php/Dvbv5-scan
53 There are some other applications like ``w_scan`` [#]_ that do a
54 blind scan, trying hard to find all possible channels, but
55 those consumes a large amount of time to run.
57 .. [#] https://www.linuxtv.org/wiki/index.php/W_scan
59 Also, some applications like ``kaffeine`` have their own code
60 to scan for services. So, you don't need to use an external
61 application to obtain such list.
63 Most of such tools need a file containing a list of channel
64 transponders available on your area. So, LinuxTV developers
65 maintain tables of Digital TV channel transponders, receiving
66 patches from the community to keep them updated.
68 This list is hosted at:
70 https://git.linuxtv.org/dtv-scan-tables.git
72 And packaged on several distributions.
74 Kaffeine has some blind scan support for some terrestrial standards.
75 It also relies on DTV scan tables, although it contains a copy
76 of it internally (and, if requested by the user, it will download
77 newer versions of it).
79 If you are lucky you can just use one of the supplied channel
80 transponders. If not, you may need to seek for such info at
81 the Internet and create a new file. There are several sites with
82 contains physical channel lists. For cable and satellite, usually
83 knowing how to tune into a single channel is enough for the
84 scanning tool to identify the other channels. On some places,
85 this could also work for terrestrial transmissions.
87 Once you have a transponders list, you need to generate a services
88 list with a tool like ``dvbv5-scan``.
90 Almost all modern Digital TV cards don't have built-in hardware
91 MPEG-decoders. So, it is up to the application to get a MPEG-TS
92 stream provided by the board, split it into audio, video and other
95 3. Which Digital TV applications exist?
97 Several media player applications are capable of tuning into
98 digital TV channels, including Kaffeine, Vlc, mplayer and MythTV.
100 Kaffeine aims to be very user-friendly, and it is maintained
101 by one of the Kernel driver developers.
103 A comprehensive list of those and other apps can be found at:
105 https://www.linuxtv.org/wiki/index.php/TV_Related_Software
107 Some of the most popular ones are linked below:
109 https://kde.org/applications/multimedia/org.kde.kaffeine
110 KDE media player, focused on Digital TV support
112 https://www.linuxtv.org/vdrwiki/index.php/Main_Page
113 Klaus Schmidinger's Video Disk Recorder
115 https://linuxtv.org/downloads and https://git.linuxtv.org/
116 Digital TV and other media-related applications and
117 Kernel drivers. The ``v4l-utils`` package there contains
118 several swiss knife tools for using with Digital TV.
120 http://sourceforge.net/projects/dvbtools/
121 Dave Chapman's dvbtools package, including
122 dvbstream and dvbtune
124 http://www.dbox2.info/
125 LinuxDVB on the dBox2
127 http://www.tuxbox.org/
128 the TuxBox CVS many interesting DVB applications and the dBox2
131 http://www.nenie.org/misc/mpsys/
132 MPSYS: a MPEG2 system library and tools
134 https://www.videolan.org/vlc/index.pt.html
140 http://xine.sourceforge.net/ and http://xinehq.de/
143 http://www.mythtv.org/
144 MythTV - analog TV and digital TV PVR
146 http://dvbsnoop.sourceforge.net/
147 DVB sniffer program to monitor, analyze, debug, dump
148 or view dvb/mpeg/dsm-cc/mhp stream information (TS,
151 4. Can't get a signal tuned correctly
153 That could be due to a lot of problems. On my personal experience,
154 usually TV cards need stronger signals than TV sets, and are more
155 sensitive to noise. So, perhaps you just need a better antenna or
156 cabling. Yet, it could also be some hardware or driver issue.
158 For example, if you are using a Technotrend/Hauppauge DVB-C card
159 *without* analog module, you might have to use module parameter
160 adac=-1 (dvb-ttpci.o).
162 Please see the FAQ page at linuxtv.org, as it could contain some
163 valuable information:
165 https://www.linuxtv.org/wiki/index.php/FAQ_%26_Troubleshooting
167 If that doesn't work, check at the linux-media ML archives, to
168 see if someone else had a similar problem with your hardware
169 and/or digital TV service provider:
171 https://lore.kernel.org/linux-media/
173 If none of this works, you can try sending an e-mail to the
174 linux-media ML and see if someone else could shed some light.
175 The e-mail is linux-media AT vger.kernel.org.
177 5. The dvb_net device doesn't give me any packets at all
179 Run ``tcpdump`` on the ``dvb0_0`` interface. This sets the interface
180 into promiscuous mode so it accepts any packets from the PID
181 you have configured with the ``dvbnet`` utility. Check if there
182 are any packets with the IP addr and MAC addr you have
183 configured with ``ifconfig`` or with ``ip addr``.
185 If ``tcpdump`` doesn't give you any output, check the statistics
186 which ``ifconfig`` or ``netstat -ni`` outputs. (Note: If the MAC
187 address is wrong, ``dvb_net`` won't get any input; thus you have to
188 run ``tcpdump`` before checking the statistics.) If there are no
189 packets at all then maybe the PID is wrong. If there are error packets,
190 then either the PID is wrong or the stream does not conform to
191 the MPE standard (EN 301 192, http://www.etsi.org/). You can
192 use e.g. ``dvbsnoop`` for debugging.
194 6. The ``dvb_net`` device doesn't give me any multicast packets
196 Check your routes if they include the multicast address range.
197 Additionally make sure that "source validation by reversed path
198 lookup" is disabled::
200 $ "echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/dvb0/rp_filter"
202 7. What are all those modules that need to be loaded?
204 In order to make it more flexible and support different hardware
205 combinations, the media subsystem is written on a modular way.
207 So, besides the Digital TV hardware module for the main chipset,
208 it also needs to load a frontend driver, plus the Digital TV
209 core. If the board also has remote controller, it will also
210 need the remote controller core and the remote controller tables.
211 The same happens if the board has support for analog TV: the
212 core support for video4linux need to be loaded.
214 The actual module names are Linux-kernel version specific, as,
215 from time to time, things change, in order to make the media
216 support more flexible.