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2 Dell Remote BIOS Update driver (dell_rbu)
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8 Document demonstrating the use of the Dell Remote BIOS Update driver
9 for updating BIOS images on Dell servers and desktops.
14 This document discusses the functionality of the rbu driver only.
15 It does not cover the support needed from applications to enable the BIOS to
16 update itself with the image downloaded in to the memory.
21 This driver works with Dell OpenManage or Dell Update Packages for updating
22 the BIOS on Dell servers (starting from servers sold since 1999), desktops
23 and notebooks (starting from those sold in 2005).
25 Please go to http://support.dell.com register and you can find info on
26 OpenManage and Dell Update packages (DUP).
28 Libsmbios can also be used to update BIOS on Dell systems go to
29 https://linux.dell.com/libsmbios/ for details.
31 Dell_RBU driver supports BIOS update using the monolithic image and packetized
32 image methods. In case of monolithic the driver allocates a contiguous chunk
33 of physical pages having the BIOS image. In case of packetized the app
34 using the driver breaks the image in to packets of fixed sizes and the driver
35 would place each packet in contiguous physical memory. The driver also
36 maintains a link list of packets for reading them back.
38 If the dell_rbu driver is unloaded all the allocated memory is freed.
40 The rbu driver needs to have an application (as mentioned above) which will
41 inform the BIOS to enable the update in the next system reboot.
43 The user should not unload the rbu driver after downloading the BIOS image
46 The driver load creates the following directories under the /sys file system::
48 /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/loading
49 /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/data
50 /sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/image_type
51 /sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/data
52 /sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/packet_size
54 The driver supports two types of update mechanism; monolithic and packetized.
55 These update mechanism depends upon the BIOS currently running on the system.
56 Most of the Dell systems support a monolithic update where the BIOS image is
57 copied to a single contiguous block of physical memory.
59 In case of packet mechanism the single memory can be broken in smaller chunks
60 of contiguous memory and the BIOS image is scattered in these packets.
62 By default the driver uses monolithic memory for the update type. This can be
63 changed to packets during the driver load time by specifying the load
64 parameter image_type=packet. This can also be changed later as below::
66 echo packet > /sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/image_type
68 In packet update mode the packet size has to be given before any packets can
69 be downloaded. It is done as below::
71 echo XXXX > /sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/packet_size
73 In the packet update mechanism, the user needs to create a new file having
74 packets of data arranged back to back. It can be done as follows:
75 The user creates packets header, gets the chunk of the BIOS image and
76 places it next to the packetheader; now, the packetheader + BIOS image chunk
77 added together should match the specified packet_size. This makes one
78 packet, the user needs to create more such packets out of the entire BIOS
79 image file and then arrange all these packets back to back in to one single
82 This file is then copied to /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/data.
83 Once this file gets to the driver, the driver extracts packet_size data from
84 the file and spreads it across the physical memory in contiguous packet_sized
87 This method makes sure that all the packets get to the driver in a single operation.
89 In monolithic update the user simply get the BIOS image (.hdr file) and copies
90 to the data file as is without any change to the BIOS image itself.
92 Do the steps below to download the BIOS image.
94 1) echo 1 > /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/loading
95 2) cp bios_image.hdr /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/data
96 3) echo 0 > /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/loading
98 The /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/ entries will remain till the following is
103 echo -1 > /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/loading
105 Until this step is completed the driver cannot be unloaded.
107 Also echoing either mono, packet or init in to image_type will free up the
108 memory allocated by the driver.
110 If a user by accident executes steps 1 and 3 above without executing step 2;
111 it will make the /sys/class/firmware/dell_rbu/ entries disappear.
113 The entries can be recreated by doing the following::
115 echo init > /sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/image_type
117 .. note:: echoing init in image_type does not change its original value.
119 Also the driver provides /sys/devices/platform/dell_rbu/data readonly file to
120 read back the image downloaded.
124 After updating the BIOS image a user mode application needs to execute
125 code which sends the BIOS update request to the BIOS. So on the next reboot
126 the BIOS knows about the new image downloaded and it updates itself.
127 Also don't unload the rbu driver if the image has to be updated.