2 In order to support ACPI open-ended hardware configurations (e.g. development
3 boards) we need a way to augment the ACPI configuration provided by the firmware
4 image. A common example is connecting sensors on I2C / SPI buses on development
7 Although this can be accomplished by creating a kernel platform driver or
8 recompiling the firmware image with updated ACPI tables, neither is practical:
9 the former proliferates board specific kernel code while the latter requires
10 access to firmware tools which are often not publicly available.
12 Because ACPI supports external references in AML code a more practical
13 way to augment firmware ACPI configuration is by dynamically loading
14 user defined SSDT tables that contain the board specific information.
16 For example, to enumerate a Bosch BMA222E accelerometer on the I2C bus of the
17 Minnowboard MAX development board exposed via the LSE connector [1], the
18 following ASL code can be used:
20 DefinitionBlock ("minnowmax.aml", "SSDT", 1, "Vendor", "Accel", 0x00000003)
22 External (\_SB.I2C6, DeviceObj)
29 Name (_HID, "BMA222E")
31 Method (_CRS, 0, Serialized)
33 Name (RBUF, ResourceTemplate ()
35 I2cSerialBus (0x0018, ControllerInitiated, 0x00061A80,
36 AddressingMode7Bit, "\\_SB.I2C6", 0x00,
38 GpioInt (Edge, ActiveHigh, Exclusive, PullDown, 0x0000,
39 "\\_SB.GPO2", 0x00, ResourceConsumer, , )
50 which can then be compiled to AML binary format:
54 Intel ACPI Component Architecture
55 ASL Optimizing Compiler version 20140214-64 [Mar 29 2014]
56 Copyright (c) 2000 - 2014 Intel Corporation
58 ASL Input: minnomax.asl - 30 lines, 614 bytes, 7 keywords
59 AML Output: minnowmax.aml - 165 bytes, 6 named objects, 1 executable opcodes
61 [1] http://wiki.minnowboard.org/MinnowBoard_MAX#Low_Speed_Expansion_Connector_.28Top.29
63 The resulting AML code can then be loaded by the kernel using one of the methods
66 == Loading ACPI SSDTs from initrd ==
68 This option allows loading of user defined SSDTs from initrd and it is useful
69 when the system does not support EFI or when there is not enough EFI storage.
71 It works in a similar way with initrd based ACPI tables override/upgrade: SSDT
72 aml code must be placed in the first, uncompressed, initrd under the
73 "kernel/firmware/acpi" path. Multiple files can be used and this will translate
74 in loading multiple tables. Only SSDT and OEM tables are allowed. See
75 initrd_table_override.txt for more details.
79 # Add the raw ACPI tables to an uncompressed cpio archive.
80 # They must be put into a /kernel/firmware/acpi directory inside the
82 # The uncompressed cpio archive must be the first.
83 # Other, typically compressed cpio archives, must be
84 # concatenated on top of the uncompressed one.
85 mkdir -p kernel/firmware/acpi
86 cp ssdt.aml kernel/firmware/acpi
88 # Create the uncompressed cpio archive and concatenate the original initrd
90 find kernel | cpio -H newc --create > /boot/instrumented_initrd
91 cat /boot/initrd >>/boot/instrumented_initrd
93 == Loading ACPI SSDTs from EFI variables ==
95 This is the preferred method, when EFI is supported on the platform, because it
96 allows a persistent, OS independent way of storing the user defined SSDTs. There
97 is also work underway to implement EFI support for loading user defined SSDTs
98 and using this method will make it easier to convert to the EFI loading
99 mechanism when that will arrive.
101 In order to load SSDTs from an EFI variable the efivar_ssdt kernel command line
102 parameter can be used. The argument for the option is the variable name to
103 use. If there are multiple variables with the same name but with different
104 vendor GUIDs, all of them will be loaded.
106 In order to store the AML code in an EFI variable the efivarfs filesystem can be
107 used. It is enabled and mounted by default in /sys/firmware/efi/efivars in all
110 Creating a new file in /sys/firmware/efi/efivars will automatically create a new
111 EFI variable. Updating a file in /sys/firmware/efi/efivars will update the EFI
112 variable. Please note that the file name needs to be specially formatted as
113 "Name-GUID" and that the first 4 bytes in the file (little-endian format)
114 represent the attributes of the EFI variable (see EFI_VARIABLE_MASK in
115 include/linux/efi.h). Writing to the file must also be done with one write
118 For example, you can use the following bash script to create/update an EFI
119 variable with the content from a given file:
123 while ! [ -z "$1" ]; do
125 "-f") filename="$2"; shift;;
126 "-g") guid="$2"; shift;;
134 echo "Syntax: ${0##*/} -f filename [ -g guid ] name"
138 [ -n "$name" -a -f "$filename" ] || usage
140 EFIVARFS="/sys/firmware/efi/efivars"
142 [ -d "$EFIVARFS" ] || exit 2
144 if stat -tf $EFIVARFS | grep -q -v de5e81e4; then
145 mount -t efivarfs none $EFIVARFS
148 # try to pick up an existing GUID
149 [ -n "$guid" ] || guid=$(find "$EFIVARFS" -name "$name-*" | head -n1 | cut -f2- -d-)
151 # use a randomly generated GUID
152 [ -n "$guid" ] || guid="$(cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid)"
154 # efivarfs expects all of the data in one write
156 /bin/echo -ne "\007\000\000\000" | cat - $filename > $tmp
157 dd if=$tmp of="$EFIVARFS/$name-$guid" bs=$(stat -c %s $tmp)
160 == Loading ACPI SSDTs from configfs ==
162 This option allows loading of user defined SSDTs from userspace via the configfs
163 interface. The CONFIG_ACPI_CONFIGFS option must be select and configfs must be
164 mounted. In the following examples, we assume that configfs has been mounted in
167 New tables can be loading by creating new directories in /config/acpi/table/ and
168 writing the SSDT aml code in the aml attribute:
170 cd /config/acpi/table
172 cat ~/ssdt.aml > my_ssdt/aml