1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 ============================================
4 Accessing PCI device resources through sysfs
5 ============================================
7 sysfs, usually mounted at /sys, provides access to PCI resources on platforms
8 that support it. For example, a given bus might look like this::
10 /sys/devices/pci0000:17
25 | |-- subsystem_device
26 | |-- subsystem_vendor
30 The topmost element describes the PCI domain and bus number. In this case,
31 the domain number is 0000 and the bus number is 17 (both values are in hex).
32 This bus contains a single function device in slot 0. The domain and bus
33 numbers are reproduced for convenience. Under the device directory are several
34 files, each with their own function.
36 =================== =====================================================
38 =================== =====================================================
39 class PCI class (ascii, ro)
40 config PCI config space (binary, rw)
41 device PCI device (ascii, ro)
42 enable Whether the device is enabled (ascii, rw)
43 irq IRQ number (ascii, ro)
44 local_cpus nearby CPU mask (cpumask, ro)
45 remove remove device from kernel's list (ascii, wo)
46 resource PCI resource host addresses (ascii, ro)
47 resource0..N PCI resource N, if present (binary, mmap, rw\ [1]_)
48 resource0_wc..N_wc PCI WC map resource N, if prefetchable (binary, mmap)
49 revision PCI revision (ascii, ro)
50 rom PCI ROM resource, if present (binary, ro)
51 subsystem_device PCI subsystem device (ascii, ro)
52 subsystem_vendor PCI subsystem vendor (ascii, ro)
53 vendor PCI vendor (ascii, ro)
54 =================== =====================================================
59 rw - file is readable and writable
61 mmap - file is mmapable
62 ascii - file contains ascii text
63 binary - file contains binary data
64 cpumask - file contains a cpumask type
66 .. [1] rw for IORESOURCE_IO (I/O port) regions only
68 The read only files are informational, writes to them will be ignored, with
69 the exception of the 'rom' file. Writable files can be used to perform
70 actions on the device (e.g. changing config space, detaching a device).
71 mmapable files are available via an mmap of the file at offset 0 and can be
72 used to do actual device programming from userspace. Note that some platforms
73 don't support mmapping of certain resources, so be sure to check the return
74 value from any attempted mmap. The most notable of these are I/O port
75 resources, which also provide read/write access.
77 The 'enable' file provides a counter that indicates how many times the device
78 has been enabled. If the 'enable' file currently returns '4', and a '1' is
79 echoed into it, it will then return '5'. Echoing a '0' into it will decrease
80 the count. Even when it returns to 0, though, some of the initialisation
83 The 'rom' file is special in that it provides read-only access to the device's
84 ROM file, if available. It's disabled by default, however, so applications
85 should write the string "1" to the file to enable it before attempting a read
86 call, and disable it following the access by writing "0" to the file. Note
87 that the device must be enabled for a rom read to return data successfully.
88 In the event a driver is not bound to the device, it can be enabled using the
89 'enable' file, documented above.
91 The 'remove' file is used to remove the PCI device, by writing a non-zero
92 integer to the file. This does not involve any kind of hot-plug functionality,
93 e.g. powering off the device. The device is removed from the kernel's list of
94 PCI devices, the sysfs directory for it is removed, and the device will be
95 removed from any drivers attached to it. Removal of PCI root buses is
98 Accessing legacy resources through sysfs
99 ----------------------------------------
101 Legacy I/O port and ISA memory resources are also provided in sysfs if the
102 underlying platform supports them. They're located in the PCI class hierarchy,
105 /sys/class/pci_bus/0000:17/
106 |-- bridge -> ../../../devices/pci0000:17
111 The legacy_io file is a read/write file that can be used by applications to
112 do legacy port I/O. The application should open the file, seek to the desired
113 port (e.g. 0x3e8) and do a read or a write of 1, 2 or 4 bytes. The legacy_mem
114 file should be mmapped with an offset corresponding to the memory offset
115 desired, e.g. 0xa0000 for the VGA frame buffer. The application can then
116 simply dereference the returned pointer (after checking for errors of course)
117 to access legacy memory space.
119 Supporting PCI access on new platforms
120 --------------------------------------
122 In order to support PCI resource mapping as described above, Linux platform
123 code should ideally define ARCH_GENERIC_PCI_MMAP_RESOURCE and use the generic
124 implementation of that functionality. To support the historical interface of
125 mmap() through files in /proc/bus/pci, platforms may also set HAVE_PCI_MMAP.
127 Alternatively, platforms which set HAVE_PCI_MMAP may provide their own
128 implementation of pci_mmap_resource_range() instead of defining
129 ARCH_GENERIC_PCI_MMAP_RESOURCE.
131 Platforms which support write-combining maps of PCI resources must define
132 arch_can_pci_mmap_wc() which shall evaluate to non-zero at runtime when
133 write-combining is permitted. Platforms which support maps of I/O resources
134 define arch_can_pci_mmap_io() similarly.
136 Legacy resources are protected by the HAVE_PCI_LEGACY define. Platforms
137 wishing to support legacy functionality should define it and provide
138 pci_legacy_read, pci_legacy_write and pci_mmap_legacy_page_range functions.