1 irq_domain interrupt number mapping library
3 The current design of the Linux kernel uses a single large number
4 space where each separate IRQ source is assigned a different number.
5 This is simple when there is only one interrupt controller, but in
6 systems with multiple interrupt controllers the kernel must ensure
7 that each one gets assigned non-overlapping allocations of Linux
10 The number of interrupt controllers registered as unique irqchips
11 show a rising tendency: for example subdrivers of different kinds
12 such as GPIO controllers avoid reimplementing identical callback
13 mechanisms as the IRQ core system by modelling their interrupt
14 handlers as irqchips, i.e. in effect cascading interrupt controllers.
16 Here the interrupt number loose all kind of correspondence to
17 hardware interrupt numbers: whereas in the past, IRQ numbers could
18 be chosen so they matched the hardware IRQ line into the root
19 interrupt controller (i.e. the component actually fireing the
20 interrupt line to the CPU) nowadays this number is just a number.
22 For this reason we need a mechanism to separate controller-local
23 interrupt numbers, called hardware irq's, from Linux IRQ numbers.
25 The irq_alloc_desc*() and irq_free_desc*() APIs provide allocation of
26 irq numbers, but they don't provide any support for reverse mapping of
27 the controller-local IRQ (hwirq) number into the Linux IRQ number
30 The irq_domain library adds mapping between hwirq and IRQ numbers on
31 top of the irq_alloc_desc*() API. An irq_domain to manage mapping is
32 preferred over interrupt controller drivers open coding their own
33 reverse mapping scheme.
35 irq_domain also implements translation from Device Tree interrupt
36 specifiers to hwirq numbers, and can be easily extended to support
37 other IRQ topology data sources.
39 === irq_domain usage ===
40 An interrupt controller driver creates and registers an irq_domain by
41 calling one of the irq_domain_add_*() functions (each mapping method
42 has a different allocator function, more on that later). The function
43 will return a pointer to the irq_domain on success. The caller must
44 provide the allocator function with an irq_domain_ops structure with
45 the .map callback populated as a minimum.
47 In most cases, the irq_domain will begin empty without any mappings
48 between hwirq and IRQ numbers. Mappings are added to the irq_domain
49 by calling irq_create_mapping() which accepts the irq_domain and a
50 hwirq number as arguments. If a mapping for the hwirq doesn't already
51 exist then it will allocate a new Linux irq_desc, associate it with
52 the hwirq, and call the .map() callback so the driver can perform any
53 required hardware setup.
55 When an interrupt is received, irq_find_mapping() function should
56 be used to find the Linux IRQ number from the hwirq number.
58 The irq_create_mapping() function must be called *atleast once*
59 before any call to irq_find_mapping(), lest the descriptor will not
62 If the driver has the Linux IRQ number or the irq_data pointer, and
63 needs to know the associated hwirq number (such as in the irq_chip
64 callbacks) then it can be directly obtained from irq_data->hwirq.
66 === Types of irq_domain mappings ===
67 There are several mechanisms available for reverse mapping from hwirq
68 to Linux irq, and each mechanism uses a different allocation function.
69 Which reverse map type should be used depends on the use case. Each
70 of the reverse map types are described below:
73 irq_domain_add_linear()
75 The linear reverse map maintains a fixed size table indexed by the
76 hwirq number. When a hwirq is mapped, an irq_desc is allocated for
77 the hwirq, and the IRQ number is stored in the table.
79 The Linear map is a good choice when the maximum number of hwirqs is
80 fixed and a relatively small number (~ < 256). The advantages of this
81 map are fixed time lookup for IRQ numbers, and irq_descs are only
82 allocated for in-use IRQs. The disadvantage is that the table must be
83 as large as the largest possible hwirq number.
85 The majority of drivers should use the linear map.
90 The irq_domain maintains a radix tree map from hwirq numbers to Linux
91 IRQs. When an hwirq is mapped, an irq_desc is allocated and the
92 hwirq is used as the lookup key for the radix tree.
94 The tree map is a good choice if the hwirq number can be very large
95 since it doesn't need to allocate a table as large as the largest
96 hwirq number. The disadvantage is that hwirq to IRQ number lookup is
97 dependent on how many entries are in the table.
99 Very few drivers should need this mapping. At the moment, powerpc
100 iseries is the only user.
103 irq_domain_add_nomap()
105 The No Map mapping is to be used when the hwirq number is
106 programmable in the hardware. In this case it is best to program the
107 Linux IRQ number into the hardware itself so that no mapping is
108 required. Calling irq_create_direct_mapping() will allocate a Linux
109 IRQ number and call the .map() callback so that driver can program the
110 Linux IRQ number into the hardware.
112 Most drivers cannot use this mapping.
115 irq_domain_add_simple()
116 irq_domain_add_legacy()
117 irq_domain_add_legacy_isa()
119 The Legacy mapping is a special case for drivers that already have a
120 range of irq_descs allocated for the hwirqs. It is used when the
121 driver cannot be immediately converted to use the linear mapping. For
122 example, many embedded system board support files use a set of #defines
123 for IRQ numbers that are passed to struct device registrations. In that
124 case the Linux IRQ numbers cannot be dynamically assigned and the legacy
125 mapping should be used.
127 The legacy map assumes a contiguous range of IRQ numbers has already
128 been allocated for the controller and that the IRQ number can be
129 calculated by adding a fixed offset to the hwirq number, and
130 visa-versa. The disadvantage is that it requires the interrupt
131 controller to manage IRQ allocations and it requires an irq_desc to be
132 allocated for every hwirq, even if it is unused.
134 The legacy map should only be used if fixed IRQ mappings must be
135 supported. For example, ISA controllers would use the legacy map for
136 mapping Linux IRQs 0-15 so that existing ISA drivers get the correct IRQ
139 Most users of legacy mappings should use irq_domain_add_simple() which
140 will use a legacy domain only if an IRQ range is supplied by the
141 system and will otherwise use a linear domain mapping. The semantics
142 of this call are such that if an IRQ range is specified then
143 descriptors will be allocated on-the-fly for it, and if no range is
144 specified it will fall through to irq_domain_add_linear() which means
145 *no* irq descriptors will be allocated.
147 A typical use case for simple domains is where an irqchip provider
148 is supporting both dynamic and static IRQ assignments.
150 In order to avoid ending up in a situation where a linear domain is
151 used and no descriptor gets allocated it is very important to make sure
152 that the driver using the simple domain call irq_create_mapping()
153 before any irq_find_mapping() since the latter will actually work
154 for the static IRQ assignment case.