4 This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
5 software necessary to run the 2.6 kernels, as well as provide brief
6 instructions regarding any other "Gotchas" users may encounter when
7 trying life on the Bleeding Edge. If upgrading from a pre-2.4.x
8 kernel, please consult the Changes file included with 2.4.x kernels for
9 additional information; most of that information will not be repeated
10 here. Basically, this document assumes that your system is already
11 functional and running at least 2.4.x kernels.
13 This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
14 and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
15 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
18 Current Minimal Requirements
19 ============================
21 Upgrade to at *least* these software revisions before thinking you've
22 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
23 running, the suggested command should tell you.
25 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already
26 functionally running a Linux 2.4 kernel. Also, not all tools are
27 necessary on all systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN
28 hardware, for example, you probably needn't concern yourself with
31 o Gnu C 3.2 # gcc --version
32 o Gnu make 3.79.1 # make --version
33 o binutils 2.12 # ld -v
34 o util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version
35 o module-init-tools 0.9.10 # depmod -V
36 o e2fsprogs 1.41.4 # e2fsck -V
37 o jfsutils 1.1.3 # fsck.jfs -V
38 o reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 # reiserfsck -V 2>&1|grep reiserfsprogs
39 o xfsprogs 2.6.0 # xfs_db -V
40 o squashfs-tools 4.0 # mksquashfs -version
41 o btrfs-progs 0.18 # btrfsck
42 o pcmciautils 004 # pccardctl -V
43 o quota-tools 3.09 # quota -V
44 o PPP 2.4.0 # pppd --version
45 o isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 # isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
46 o nfs-utils 1.0.5 # showmount --version
47 o procps 3.2.0 # ps --version
48 o oprofile 0.9 # oprofiled --version
49 o udev 081 # udevinfo -V
50 o grub 0.93 # grub --version
59 The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
65 You will need Gnu make 3.79.1 or later to build the kernel.
70 Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using as86 to using gas for
71 assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for as86 to compile
72 your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent
81 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
82 (http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
84 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
86 Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
87 documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
88 definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with the
89 SGML templates in the Documentation/DocBook directory to make DocBook
90 files, which can then be converted by DocBook stylesheets to PostScript,
91 HTML, PDF files, and several other formats. In order to convert from
92 DocBook format to a format of your choice, you'll need to install Jade as
93 well as the desired DocBook stylesheets.
98 New versions of util-linux provide *fdisk support for larger disks,
99 support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
100 types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
101 You'll probably want to upgrade.
106 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
107 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
108 In the 2.6 kernel it is generally preferred to build the kernel with
109 CONFIG_KALLSYMS so that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is
110 (this also produces better output than ksymoops).
111 If for some reason your kernel is not build with CONFIG_KALLSYMS and
112 you have no way to rebuild and reproduce the Oops with that option, then
113 you can still decode that Oops with ksymoops.
118 A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires module-init-tools
119 to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels.
124 These changes to the /lib/modules file tree layout also require that
125 mkinitrd be upgraded.
130 The latest version of e2fsprogs fixes several bugs in fsck and
131 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
136 The jfsutils package contains the utilities for the file system.
137 The following utilities are available:
138 o fsck.jfs - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
139 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
140 o mkfs.jfs - create a JFS formatted partition.
141 o other file system utilities are also available in this package.
146 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
147 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
148 versions of mkreiserfs, resize_reiserfs, debugreiserfs and
149 reiserfsck. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
154 The latest version of xfsprogs contains mkfs.xfs, xfs_db, and the
155 xfs_repair utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
156 architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
157 work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
158 later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
163 PCMCIAutils replaces pcmcia-cs (see below). It properly sets up
164 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
165 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
171 PCMCIA (PC Card) support is now partially implemented in the main
172 kernel source. The "pcmciautils" package (see above) replaces pcmcia-cs
178 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
179 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
180 newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
181 from the table above.
186 A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
187 accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
188 udev you may need to:
191 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
192 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
194 as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
195 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
200 If you are running v0.1.17 or earlier, you should upgrade to
201 version v0.99.0 or higher. Running old versions may cause problems
202 with programs using shared memory.
206 udev is a userspace application for populating /dev dynamically with
207 only entries for devices actually present. udev replaces the basic
208 functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
214 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
215 options 'direct_io' and 'kernel_cache' won't work.
223 If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
224 consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
228 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
229 kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
230 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
235 The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
236 enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
237 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
239 If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
240 which can be made by:
242 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
249 Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils
250 needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded.
255 In 2.4 and earlier kernels, the nfs server needed to know about any
256 client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
257 information would be given to the kernel by "mountd" when the client
258 mounted the filesystem, or by "exportfs" at system startup. exportfs
259 would take information about active clients from /var/lib/nfs/rmtab.
261 This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
262 which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
263 fail-over. Even when the system is working well, rmtab suffers from
264 getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
266 With 2.6 we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd when it
267 gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give appropriate
268 export information to the kernel. This removes the dependency on
269 rmtab and means that the kernel only needs to know about currently
272 To enable this new functionality, you need to:
274 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
276 before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
277 services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
283 In Linux 2.6.31+ the i386 kernel needs to run the mcelog utility
284 as a regular cronjob similar to the x86-64 kernel to process and log
285 machine check events when CONFIG_X86_NEW_MCE is enabled. Machine check
286 events are errors reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
287 All x86-64 kernels since 2.6.4 require the mcelog utility to
288 process machine checks.
290 Getting updated software
291 ========================
298 o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
302 o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
306 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
313 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
317 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
321 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/>
325 o <ftp://rawhide.redhat.com/pub/rawhide/SRPMS/SRPMS/>
329 o <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
333 o <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
337 o <http://www.namesys.com/pub/reiserfsprogs/reiserfsprogs-3.6.3.tar.gz>
341 o <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/download/>
345 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
349 o <http://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/>
353 o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
357 o <http://nwalsh.com/docbook/dsssl/>
361 o <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/>
365 o <http://www.urbanmyth.org/microcode/>
369 o <http://powertweak.sourceforge.net/>
373 o <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev.html>
377 o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse>
381 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/cpu/mce/mcelog/>
388 o <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/ppp-2.4.0.tar.gz>
392 o <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/isdn4k-utils.v3.1pre1.tar.gz>
396 o <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
400 o <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
404 o <ftp://ftp.tux.org/pub/net/ip-routing/iproute2-2.2.4-now-ss991023.tar.gz>
408 o <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
412 o <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>