4 This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
5 software necessary to run the 3.0 kernels.
7 This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
8 and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
9 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
12 Current Minimal Requirements
13 ============================
15 Upgrade to at *least* these software revisions before thinking you've
16 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
17 running, the suggested command should tell you.
19 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
20 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
21 systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN hardware, for example,
22 you probably needn't concern yourself with isdn4k-utils.
24 o Gnu C 3.2 # gcc --version
25 o Gnu make 3.80 # make --version
26 o binutils 2.12 # ld -v
27 o util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version
28 o module-init-tools 0.9.10 # depmod -V
29 o e2fsprogs 1.41.4 # e2fsck -V
30 o jfsutils 1.1.3 # fsck.jfs -V
31 o reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 # reiserfsck -V
32 o xfsprogs 2.6.0 # xfs_db -V
33 o squashfs-tools 4.0 # mksquashfs -version
34 o btrfs-progs 0.18 # btrfsck
35 o pcmciautils 004 # pccardctl -V
36 o quota-tools 3.09 # quota -V
37 o PPP 2.4.0 # pppd --version
38 o isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 # isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
39 o nfs-utils 1.0.5 # showmount --version
40 o procps 3.2.0 # ps --version
41 o oprofile 0.9 # oprofiled --version
42 o udev 081 # udevd --version
43 o grub 0.93 # grub --version || grub-install --version
44 o mcelog 0.6 # mcelog --version
45 o iptables 1.4.2 # iptables -V
54 The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
60 You will need Gnu make 3.80 or later to build the kernel.
65 Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using as86 to using gas for
66 assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for as86 to compile
67 your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent
73 You will need perl 5 and the following modules: Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std,
74 File::Basename, and File::Find to build the kernel.
83 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
84 (http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
86 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
88 Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
89 documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
90 definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with the
91 SGML templates in the Documentation/DocBook directory to make DocBook
92 files, which can then be converted by DocBook stylesheets to PostScript,
93 HTML, PDF files, and several other formats. In order to convert from
94 DocBook format to a format of your choice, you'll need to install Jade as
95 well as the desired DocBook stylesheets.
100 New versions of util-linux provide *fdisk support for larger disks,
101 support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
102 types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
103 You'll probably want to upgrade.
108 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
109 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
110 It is generally preferred to build the kernel with CONFIG_KALLSYMS so
111 that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
112 produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
113 is not build with CONFIG_KALLSYMS and you have no way to rebuild and
114 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
120 A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires module-init-tools
121 to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels.
126 These changes to the /lib/modules file tree layout also require that
127 mkinitrd be upgraded.
132 The latest version of e2fsprogs fixes several bugs in fsck and
133 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
138 The jfsutils package contains the utilities for the file system.
139 The following utilities are available:
140 o fsck.jfs - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
141 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
142 o mkfs.jfs - create a JFS formatted partition.
143 o other file system utilities are also available in this package.
148 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
149 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
150 versions of mkreiserfs, resize_reiserfs, debugreiserfs and
151 reiserfsck. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
156 The latest version of xfsprogs contains mkfs.xfs, xfs_db, and the
157 xfs_repair utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
158 architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
159 work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
160 later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
165 PCMCIAutils replaces pcmcia-cs (see below). It properly sets up
166 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
167 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
173 PCMCIA (PC Card) support is now partially implemented in the main
174 kernel source. The "pcmciautils" package (see above) replaces pcmcia-cs
180 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
181 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
182 newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
183 from the table above.
188 A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
189 accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
190 udev you may need to:
193 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
194 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
196 as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
197 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
201 udev is a userspace application for populating /dev dynamically with
202 only entries for devices actually present. udev replaces the basic
203 functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
209 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
210 options 'direct_io' and 'kernel_cache' won't work.
218 If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
219 consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
223 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
224 kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
225 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
230 The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
231 enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
232 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
234 If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
235 which can be made by:
237 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
244 Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils
245 needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded.
250 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
251 about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
252 information would be given to the kernel by "mountd" when the client
253 mounted the filesystem, or by "exportfs" at system startup. exportfs
254 would take information about active clients from /var/lib/nfs/rmtab.
256 This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
257 which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
258 fail-over. Even when the system is working well, rmtab suffers from
259 getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
261 With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
262 when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
263 appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
264 dependency on rmtab and means that the kernel only needs to know about
265 currently active clients.
267 To enable this new functionality, you need to:
269 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
271 before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
272 services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
278 In Linux 2.6.31+ the i386 kernel needs to run the mcelog utility
279 as a regular cronjob similar to the x86-64 kernel to process and log
280 machine check events when CONFIG_X86_NEW_MCE is enabled. Machine check
281 events are errors reported by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
282 All x86-64 kernels since 2.6.4 require the mcelog utility to
283 process machine checks.
285 Getting updated software
286 ========================
293 o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
297 o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
301 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
308 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
312 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
316 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/>
320 o <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
324 o <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
328 o <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
332 o <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/>
336 o <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/>
340 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
344 o <http://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/>
348 o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
352 o <http://nwalsh.com/docbook/dsssl/>
356 o <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/>
360 o <http://www.urbanmyth.org/microcode/>
364 o <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev.html>
368 o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse>
372 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/cpu/mce/>
379 o <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
383 o <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/>
387 o <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
391 o <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
395 o <ftp://ftp.tux.org/pub/net/ip-routing/iproute2-2.2.4-now-ss991023.tar.gz>
399 o <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
403 o <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>