8 .. index:: object: file
10 Python's built-in file objects are implemented entirely on the :ctype:`FILE\*`
11 support from the C standard library. This is an implementation detail and may
12 change in future releases of Python.
15 .. ctype:: PyFileObject
17 This subtype of :ctype:`PyObject` represents a Python file object.
20 .. cvar:: PyTypeObject PyFile_Type
22 .. index:: single: FileType (in module types)
24 This instance of :ctype:`PyTypeObject` represents the Python file type. This is
25 exposed to Python programs as ``file`` and ``types.FileType``.
28 .. cfunction:: int PyFile_Check(PyObject *p)
30 Return true if its argument is a :ctype:`PyFileObject` or a subtype of
31 :ctype:`PyFileObject`.
33 .. versionchanged:: 2.2
34 Allowed subtypes to be accepted.
37 .. cfunction:: int PyFile_CheckExact(PyObject *p)
39 Return true if its argument is a :ctype:`PyFileObject`, but not a subtype of
40 :ctype:`PyFileObject`.
45 .. cfunction:: PyObject* PyFile_FromString(char *filename, char *mode)
47 .. index:: single: fopen()
49 On success, return a new file object that is opened on the file given by
50 *filename*, with a file mode given by *mode*, where *mode* has the same
51 semantics as the standard C routine :cfunc:`fopen`. On failure, return *NULL*.
54 .. cfunction:: PyObject* PyFile_FromFile(FILE *fp, char *name, char *mode, int (*close)(FILE*))
56 Create a new :ctype:`PyFileObject` from the already-open standard C file
57 pointer, *fp*. The function *close* will be called when the file should be
58 closed. Return *NULL* on failure.
61 .. cfunction:: FILE* PyFile_AsFile(PyObject \*p)
63 Return the file object associated with *p* as a :ctype:`FILE\*`.
65 If the caller will ever use the returned :ctype:`FILE\*` object while
66 the :term:`GIL` is released it must also call the :cfunc:`PyFile_IncUseCount` and
67 :cfunc:`PyFile_DecUseCount` functions described below as appropriate.
70 .. cfunction:: void PyFile_IncUseCount(PyFileObject \*p)
72 Increments the PyFileObject's internal use count to indicate
73 that the underlying :ctype:`FILE\*` is being used.
74 This prevents Python from calling f_close() on it from another thread.
75 Callers of this must call :cfunc:`PyFile_DecUseCount` when they are
76 finished with the :ctype:`FILE\*`. Otherwise the file object will
77 never be closed by Python.
79 The :term:`GIL` must be held while calling this function.
81 The suggested use is to call this after :cfunc:`PyFile_AsFile` and before
84 FILE *fp = PyFile_AsFile(p);
85 PyFile_IncUseCount(p);
87 Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
91 PyFile_DecUseCount(p);
96 .. cfunction:: void PyFile_DecUseCount(PyFileObject \*p)
98 Decrements the PyFileObject's internal unlocked_count member to
99 indicate that the caller is done with its own use of the :ctype:`FILE\*`.
100 This may only be called to undo a prior call to :cfunc:`PyFile_IncUseCount`.
102 The :term:`GIL` must be held while calling this function (see the example
105 .. versionadded:: 2.6
108 .. cfunction:: PyObject* PyFile_GetLine(PyObject *p, int n)
110 .. index:: single: EOFError (built-in exception)
112 Equivalent to ``p.readline([n])``, this function reads one line from the
113 object *p*. *p* may be a file object or any object with a :meth:`readline`
114 method. If *n* is ``0``, exactly one line is read, regardless of the length of
115 the line. If *n* is greater than ``0``, no more than *n* bytes will be read
116 from the file; a partial line can be returned. In both cases, an empty string
117 is returned if the end of the file is reached immediately. If *n* is less than
118 ``0``, however, one line is read regardless of length, but :exc:`EOFError` is
119 raised if the end of the file is reached immediately.
122 .. cfunction:: PyObject* PyFile_Name(PyObject *p)
124 Return the name of the file specified by *p* as a string object.
127 .. cfunction:: void PyFile_SetBufSize(PyFileObject *p, int n)
129 .. index:: single: setvbuf()
131 Available on systems with :cfunc:`setvbuf` only. This should only be called
132 immediately after file object creation.
135 .. cfunction:: int PyFile_SetEncoding(PyFileObject *p, const char *enc)
137 Set the file's encoding for Unicode output to *enc*. Return 1 on success and 0
140 .. versionadded:: 2.3
143 .. cfunction:: int PyFile_SetEncodingAndErrors(PyFileObject *p, const char *enc, *errors)
145 Set the file's encoding for Unicode output to *enc*, and its error
146 mode to *err*. Return 1 on success and 0 on failure.
148 .. versionadded:: 2.6
151 .. cfunction:: int PyFile_SoftSpace(PyObject *p, int newflag)
153 .. index:: single: softspace (file attribute)
155 This function exists for internal use by the interpreter. Set the
156 :attr:`softspace` attribute of *p* to *newflag* and return the previous value.
157 *p* does not have to be a file object for this function to work properly; any
158 object is supported (thought its only interesting if the :attr:`softspace`
159 attribute can be set). This function clears any errors, and will return ``0``
160 as the previous value if the attribute either does not exist or if there were
161 errors in retrieving it. There is no way to detect errors from this function,
162 but doing so should not be needed.
165 .. cfunction:: int PyFile_WriteObject(PyObject *obj, PyObject *p, int flags)
167 .. index:: single: Py_PRINT_RAW
169 Write object *obj* to file object *p*. The only supported flag for *flags* is
170 :const:`Py_PRINT_RAW`; if given, the :func:`str` of the object is written
171 instead of the :func:`repr`. Return ``0`` on success or ``-1`` on failure; the
172 appropriate exception will be set.
175 .. cfunction:: int PyFile_WriteString(const char *s, PyObject *p)
177 Write string *s* to file object *p*. Return ``0`` on success or ``-1`` on
178 failure; the appropriate exception will be set.