1 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-release,
2 and the previous version, bash-3.2-beta.
6 a. Fixed a bug that caused the temporary environment passed to a command to
7 affect the shell's environment under certain circumstances.
9 b. Fixed a bug in the printf builtin that caused the %q format specifier to
10 ignore empty string arguments.
12 c. Improved multibyte character environment detection at configuration time.
14 d. Fixed a bug in the read builtin that left spurious escape characters in the
15 input after processing backslashes when assigning to an array variable.
17 2. Changes to Readline
19 a. Fixed a redisplay bug that occurred in multibyte-capable locales when the
20 prompt was one character longer than the screen width.
21 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-beta,
23 and the previous version, bash-3.2-alpha.
27 a. Changed the lexical analyzer to treat locale-specific blank characters as
30 b. Fixed a bug in command printing to avoid confusion between redirections and
33 c. Fixed problems with cross-compiling originating from inherited environment
36 d. Added write error reporting to printf builtin.
38 e. Fixed a bug in the variable expansion code that could cause a core dump in
41 f. Fixed a bug that caused substring expansion of a null string to return
44 g. BASH_COMMAND now retains its previous value while executing commands as the
45 result of a trap, as the documentation states.
47 2. Changes to Readline
49 a. Fixed a bug with prompt redisplay in a multi-byte locale to avoid redrawing
50 the prompt and input line multiple times.
52 b. Fixed history expansion to not be confused by here-string redirection.
54 c. Readline no longer treats read errors by converting them to newlines, as
55 it does with EOF. This caused partial lines to be returned from readline().
57 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
58 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-alpha,
59 and the previous version, bash-3.1-release.
63 a. Fixed a source bug that caused the minimal configuration to not compile.
65 b. Fixed memory leaks in error handling for the `read' builtin.
67 c. Changed the [[ and (( compound commands to set PIPESTATUS with their exit
70 d. Fixed some parsing problems with compound array assignments.
72 e. Added additional configuration changes for: NetBSD (incomplete multibyte
75 f. Fixed two bugs with local array variable creation when shadowing a variable
76 of the same name from a previous context.
78 g. Fixed the `read' builtin to restore the correct set of completion functions
81 h. Added code to defer the initialization of HISTSIZE (and its stifling of the
82 history list) until the history file is loaded, allowing a startup file to
83 override the default value.
85 i. Tightened up the arithmetic expression parsing to produce better error
86 messages when presented with invalid operators.
88 j. Fixed the cross-compilation support to build the signal list at shell
89 invocation rather than compile time if cross-compiling.
91 k. Fixed multibyte support for non-gcc compilers (or compilers that do not
92 allow automatic array variable sizing based on a non-constant value).
94 l. Several fixes to the code that manages the list of terminated jobs and
95 their exit statuses, and the list of active and recently-terminated jobs
96 to avoid pid aliasing/wraparound and allocation errors.
98 m. Fixed a problem that allowed scripts to die due to SIGINT while waiting
99 for children, even when started in the background or otherwise ignoring
102 n. Fixed a bug that caused shells invoked as -/bin/bash from not being
103 recognized as login shells.
105 o. Fixed a problem that caused shells in the background to give the terminal
106 to a process group other than the foreground shell process group.
108 p. Fixed a problem with extracting the `varname' in ${#varname}.
110 q. Fixed the code that handles SIGQUIT to not exit immediately -- thereby
111 calling functions that may not be called in a signal handler context --
112 but set a flag and exit afterward (like SIGINT).
114 r. Changed the brace expansion code to skip over braces that don't begin a
115 valid matched brace expansion construct.
117 s. Fixed `typeset' and `declare' to not require that their shell function
118 operands to be valid shell identifiers.
120 t. Changed `test' to use access(2) with a temporary uid/euid swap when testing
121 file attributes and running setuid, and access(2) in most other cases.
123 u. Changed completion code to not attempt command name completion on a line
124 consisting solely of whitespace when no_empty_command_completion is set.
126 v. The `hash' builtin now prints nothing in posix mode when the hash table is
127 empty, and prints a message to that effect to stdout instead of stderr
128 when not in posix mode.
130 w. Fixed a bug in the extended pattern matching code that caused it to fail to
131 match periods with certain patterns.
133 x. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when performing filename
134 generation in directories with thousands of files.
136 y. Returned to the original Bourne shell rules for parsing ``: no recursive
137 parsing of embedded quoted strings or ${...} constructs.
139 z. The inheritence of the DEBUG, RETURN, and ERR traps is now dependent only
140 on the settings of the `functrace' and `errtrace' shell options, rather
141 than whether or not the shell is in debugging mode.
143 aa. Fixed a problem with $HOME being converted to ~ in the expansion of
144 members of the DIRSTACK array.
146 bb. Fixed a problem with quoted arguments to arithmetic expansions in certain
149 cc. The command word completion code now no longer returns matching directories
150 while searching $PATH.
152 dd. Fixed a bug with zero-padding and precision handling in snprintf()
155 ee. Fixed a bug that caused the command substitution code not to take embedded
156 shell comments into account.
158 ff. Fixed a bug that caused $((...);(...)) to be misinterpreted as an
159 arithmetic substitution.
161 gg. Fixed a bug in the prompt expansion code that inappropriately added a
162 \001 before a \002 under certain circumstances.
164 hh. Fixed a bug that caused `unset LANG' to not properly reset the locale
165 (previous versions would set the locale back to what it was when bash
166 was started rather than the system's "native" locale).
168 ii. Fixed a bug that could cause file descriptors > 10 to not be closed even
169 when closed explicitly by a script.
171 jj. Fixed a bug that caused single quotes to be stripped from ANSI-C quoting
172 inside double-quoted command substitutions.
174 kk. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when `return' was executed as the
175 last element of a pipeline inside a shell function.
177 ll. Fixed a bug that caused DEBUG trap strings to overwrite commands stored in
180 2. Changes to Readline
182 a. Fixed a problem that caused segmentation faults when using readline in
183 callback mode and typing consecutive DEL characters on an empty line.
185 b. Fixed several redisplay problems with multibyte characters, all having to
186 do with the different code paths and variable meanings between single-byte
187 and multibyte character redisplay.
189 c. Fixed a problem with key sequence translation when presented with the
192 d. Fixed a problem that prevented the `a' command in vi mode from being
193 undone and redone properly.
195 e. Fixed a problem that prevented empty inserts in vi mode from being undone
198 f. Fixed a problem that caused readline to initialize with an incorrect idea
199 of whether or not the terminal can autowrap.
201 g. Fixed output of key bindings (like bash `bind -p') to honor the setting of
202 convert-meta and use \e where appropriate.
204 h. Changed the default filename completion function to call the filename
205 dequoting function if the directory completion hook isn't set. This means
206 that any directory completion hooks need to dequote the directory name,
207 since application-specific hooks need to know how the word was quoted,
208 even if no other changes are made.
210 i. Fixed a bug with creating the prompt for a non-interactive search string
211 when there are non-printing characters in the primary prompt.
213 j. Fixed a bug that caused prompts with invisible characters to be redrawn
214 multiple times in a multibyte locale.
216 k. Fixed a bug that could cause the key sequence scanning code to return the
219 l. Fixed a problem with the callback interface that caused it to fail when
220 using multi-character keyboard macros.
222 m. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when an edited history entry was
223 re-executed under certain conditions.
225 n. Fixed a bug that caused readline to reference freed memory when attmpting
226 to display a portion of the prompt.
228 3. New Features in Bash
230 a. Changed the parameter pattern replacement functions to not anchor the
231 pattern at the beginning of the string if doing global replacement - that
232 combination doesn't make any sense.
234 b. When running in `word expansion only' mode (--wordexp option), inhibit
235 process substitution.
237 c. Loadable builtins now work on MacOS X 10.[34].
239 d. Shells running in posix mode no longer set $HOME, as POSIX requires.
241 e. The code that checks for binary files being executed as shell scripts now
242 checks only for NUL rather than any non-printing character.
244 f. Quoting the string argument to the [[ command's =~ operator now forces
245 string matching, as with the other pattern-matching operators.
247 4. New Features in Readline
249 a. Calling applications can now set the keyboard timeout to 0, allowing
252 b. The value of SYS_INPUTRC (configurable at compilation time) is now used as
253 the default last-ditch startup file.
255 c. The history file reading functions now allow windows-like \r\n line
258 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
259 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-release,
260 and the previous version, bash-3.1-rc2.
262 1. Changes to Readline
264 a. Several changes to the multibyte redisplay code to fix problems with
265 prompts containing invisible characters.
267 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
268 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-rc2,
269 and the previous version, bash-3.1-rc1.
273 a. Fixed a bug that caused a DEBUG trap to overwrite a command string that's
274 eventually attached to a background job.
276 b. Changed some code so that filenames with leading tildes with spaces in the
277 name aren't tilde-expanded by the bash completion code.
279 c. Fixed a bug that caused the pushd builtin to fail to change to
280 directories with leading `-'.
282 d. Fixed a small memory leak in the programmable completion code.
284 2. Changes to Readline
286 a. Fixed a redisplay bug caused by moving the cursor vertically to a line
287 with invisible characters in the prompt in a multibyte locale.
289 b. Fixed a bug that could cause the terminal special chars to be bound in the
290 wrong keymap in vi mode.
292 3. New Features in Bash
294 a. If compiled for strict POSIX conformance, LINES and COLUMNS may now
295 override the true terminal size.
297 4. New Features in Readline
299 a. A new external application-controllable variable that allows the LINES
300 and COLUMNS environment variables to set the window size regardless of
301 what the kernel returns.
303 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
304 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-rc1,
305 and the previous version, bash-3.1-beta1.
309 a. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps due to accessing the current
310 pipeline while in the middle of modifying it.
312 b. Fixed a bug that caused pathnames with backslashes still quoting characters
313 to be passed to opendir().
315 c. Command word completion now obeys the setting of completion-ignore-case.
317 d. Fixed a problem with redirection that caused file descriptors greater than
318 2 to be inappropriately marked as close-on-exec.
320 e. In Posix mode, after `wait' is called to wait for a particular process
321 explicitly, that process is removed from the list of processes known to
322 the shell, and subsequent attempts to wait for it return errors.
324 f. Fixed a bug that caused extended pattern matching to incorrectly scan
325 backslash-escaped pattern characters.
327 g. Fixed a synchronization problem that could cause core dumps when handling
330 h. Fixed a bug that caused an unmatched backquote to be accepted without an
331 error when processing here documents.
333 i. Fixed a small memory leak in the `cd' builtin.
335 j. Fix for MacOS X so it gets the values for the HOSTTYPE, MACHTYPE, and
336 OSTYPE variables at build time, to support universal binaries.
338 k. Fixed a bug that could cause an exit trap to return the exit status of
339 the trap command rather than the status as it was before the trap was
340 run as the shell's exit status.
342 2. New Features in Bash
344 3. Changes to Readline
346 a. Fixed a bug that caused reversing the incremental search direction to
349 b. Fixed the vi-mode `U' command to only undo up to the first time insert mode
350 was entered, as Posix specifies.
352 c. Fixed a bug in the vi-mode `r' command that left the cursor in the wrong
355 4. New Features in Readline
357 a. New application-callable auxiliary function, rl_variable_value, returns
358 a string corresponding to a readline variable's value.
360 b. When parsing inputrc files and variable binding commands, the parser
361 strips trailing whitespace from values assigned to boolean variables
362 before checking them.
365 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
366 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-beta1,
367 and the previous version, bash-3.1-alpha1.
371 a. Added some system-specific signal names.
373 b. Fixed a typo in the ulimit builtin to make `x' the right option to
374 maniuplate the limit on file locks.
376 c. Fixed a problem with using += to append to index 0 of an array variable
377 when not using subscript syntax.
379 d. A few changes to configure.in to remove calls to obsolete or outdated
382 e. Make sure changes to variables bash handles specially (e.g., LC_ALL) are
383 made when the variable is set in the temporary environment to a command.
385 f. Make sure changes to variables bash handles specially (e.g., LC_ALL) are
386 made when the variable is modified using `printf -v'.
388 g. The export environment is now remade on cygwin when HOME is changed, so
389 DLLs bash is linked against pick up the new value. This fixes problems
390 with tilde expansion when linking against and already-installed readline.
392 h. Small fix to the logic for performing tilde expansion in posix mode, so
393 expansion on the right-hand side of an assignment statement takes place.
395 i. Fixed a bug that prevented redirections associated with a shell function
396 from being executed when in a subshell.
398 j. Fixed `source' and `.' builtins to not require an executable file when
399 searching $PATH for a file to source.
401 k. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect word splitting in a function when IFS
402 was declared local, then unset.
404 l. Fixed a problem with the `kill' builtin that prevented sending signals
405 to a process group under certain circumstances when providing a pid < 0.
407 m. When in POSIX mode, `pwd' now checks that the value it prints is the same
408 directory as `.', even when displaying $PWD.
410 n. Fixed a problem with the `read' builtin when reading a script from standard
411 input and reading data from the same file.
413 o. Fixed a problem with the `type' and `command' builtins that caused absolute
414 pathnames to be displayed incorrectly.
416 p. Some changes to the `bg' builtin for POSIX conformance.
418 q. The `fc' builtin now removes the `fc' command that caused it to invoke an
419 editor on specified history entries from the history entirely, rather than
422 r. When in POSIX mode, the `v' command in vi editing mode simply invokes vi
423 on the current command, rather than checking $FCEDIT and $EDITOR.
425 s. Fixed a small memory leak in the pathname canonicalization code.
427 t. Fixed a bug that caused the expanded value of a $'...' string to be
428 incorrectly re-quoted if it occurred within a double-quoted ${...}
431 u. Restored default emacs-mode key binding of M-TAB to dynamic-complete-history.
433 v. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when interrupting loops running builtins
436 w. Make sure that some of the functions bash provides replacements for are
439 x. The code that scans embedded commands for the parser (`...` and $(...)) is
440 now more aware of embedded comments and their effect on quoted strings.
442 y. Changed the `-n' option to the `history' builtin to not reset the number of
443 history lines read in the current session after reading the new lines from
444 the history file if the history is being appended when it is written to
445 the file, since the appending takes care of the problem that the adjustment
446 was intended to solve.
448 z. Improved the error message displayed when a shell script fails to execute
449 because the environment and size of command line arguments are too large.
451 aa. A small fix to make sure that $HISTCMD is evaluated whenever the shell is
452 saving commands to the history list, not just when HISTSIZE is defined.
454 2. Changes to Readline
456 a. The `change-case' command now correctly changes the case of multibyte
459 b. Changes to the shared library construction scripts to deal with Windows
460 DLL naming conventions for Cygwin.
462 c. Fixed the redisplay code to avoid core dumps resulting from a poorly-timed
465 d. Fixed the non-incremental search code in vi mode to dispose of any current
466 undo list when copying a line from the history into the current editing
469 e. The variable assignment code now ignores whitespace at the end of lines
470 when assigning to boolean variables.
472 f. The `C-w' binding in incremental search now understands multibyte
475 3. New Features in Bash
477 a. A new configuration option, `--enable-strict-posix-default', which will
478 build bash to be POSIX conforming by default.
480 4. New Features in Readline
482 a. If the rl_completion_query_items is set to a value < 0, readline never
483 asks the user whether or not to view the possible completions.
485 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
486 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-alpha1,
487 and the previous version, bash-3.0-release.
491 a. Fixed a bug that caused bash to crash if referencing an unset local array.
493 b. Fixed a problem that caused tilde expansion to not be performed before
494 attempting globbing word completion.
496 c. Fixed an incompatibility so that a first argument to trap that's a valid
497 signal number will be trated as a signal rather than a command to execute.
499 d. Fixed ${#word} expansion to correctly compute the length of a string
500 containing multibyte characters.
502 e. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not pass the correct flags for signal
503 disposition to child processes.
505 f. Fixed a bug that caused `fc -l' to list one too many history entries.
507 g. Some fixes to `fc' for POSIX conformance.
509 h. Some fixes to job status display for POSIX conformance.
511 i. Fixed a bug that caused `command -v' to display output if a command was not
512 found -- it should be silent.
514 j. In POSIX mode, `type' and `command -[vV]' do not report non-executable
515 files, even if the shell will attempt to execute them.
517 k. Fixed a bug that caused the `==' operator to the [[ command to not attempt
518 extended pattern matching.
520 l. Fixed the brace expansion code to handle characters whose value exceeds 128.
522 m. Fixed `printf' to handle strings with a leading `\0' whose length is
525 n. Fixed a couple of problems with brace expansion where `${' was handled
528 o. Fixed off-by-one error when calculating the upper bound of `offset' when
529 processing the ${array[@]:offset:length} expansion.
531 p. System-specific configuration changes for: FreeBSD 5.x, Interix, MacOS X
532 10.4, Linux 2.4+ kernels, Linux 3.x kernels, Dragonfly BSD, QNX 6.x,
535 q. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to ignore the status of the rightmost
536 command in a pipeline when the `pipefail' option was enabled.
538 r. Fixed a completion bug that caused core dumps when expanding a directory
541 s. Fixed a bug that prevented `hash -d' from removing commands from the hash
544 t. Fixed word splitting to avoid really bad quadratic performance when
545 expanding long lists.
547 u. Fixed a bug that caused negative offsets in substring expansion to use the
550 v. Fixed a bug in printf that caused it to not return failure on write errors.
552 w. Fixed a bug that caused commands in subshells to not be properly timed.
554 x. The shell parser no longer attempts to parse a compound assignment specially
555 unless in a position where an assignment statement is acceptable or parsing
556 arguments to a builtin that accepts assignment statements.
558 y. Fixed a problem that caused a `case' statement to be added to the history
559 incorrectly as a single command if the `case word' was on one line and the
562 z. Fixed a problem that caused internal shell quoting characters to be
563 incorrectly quoted with backslashes under some circumstances.
565 aa. The shell now performs correct word splitting when IFS contains multibyte
568 bb. The mail checking code now resets the cached file information if the size
569 drops to 0, even if the times don't change.
571 cc. A completed command name that is found in $PATH as well as the name of a
572 directory in the current directory no longer has a slash appended in certain
573 circumstances: a single instance found in $PATH when `.' is not in $PATH,
574 and multiple instances found in $PATH, even when `.' is in $PATH.
576 dd. Incorporated tilde expansion into the word expansion code rather than as a
577 separately-called function, fixing some cases where it was performed
578 inappropriately (e.g., after the second `=' in an assignment statement or
579 in a double-quoted parameter expansion).
581 ee. Fixed several bugs encountered when parsing compound assignment statements,
582 so that compound assignments appearing as arguments to builtins are no
583 longer double-expanded.
585 ff. Fixed a bug in the command execution code that caused asynchronous commands
586 containing command substitutions to not put the terminal in the wrong
589 gg. Bash now handles the case where the WCONTINUED flag causes waitpid() to
590 return -1/EINVAL at runtime as well as configuration time.
592 hh. Fixed parser to generate an error when the pipeline `argument' to `!' or
595 ii. The shell now takes a little more care when manipulating file descriptors
596 greater than 9 with the `exec' builtin.
598 jj. Fixed a bug that caused variable assignments preceding the `command' builtin
599 preceding a special builtin to be preserved after the command completed in
602 kk. Fixed a bug that allowed variables beginning with a digit to be created.
604 ll. Fixed a bug that caused a \<newline> to be removed when parsing a $'...'
607 mm. A shell whose name begins with `-' will now be a restricted shell if the
608 remainder of the name indicates it should be restricted.
610 nn. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if FUNCNAME were changed or unset
611 during a function's execution.
613 oo. Fixed a bug that caused executing a `return' in a function to not execute
614 a RETURN trap. The RETURN trap is inherited by shell functions only if
615 function tracing is globally enabled or has been enabled for that function.
617 pp. Fixed cases where var[@] was not handled exactly like var, when var is a
620 qq. Fixed a bug that caused the first character after a SIGINT to be discarded
621 under certain circumstances.
623 rr. Fixed exit status code so that a suspended job returns 128+signal as its
624 exit status (preventing commands after it in `&&' lists from being
627 ss. Fixed a bug that caused the shell parser state to be changed by executing
628 a shell function as a result of word completion.
630 tt. Fixed a long-standing bug that caused '\177' characters in variable
631 values to be discarded when expanded in double-quoted strings.
633 uu. Fixed a bug that caused $RANDOM to be re-seeded multiple times in a
634 subshell environment.
636 vv. Extensive changes to the job management code to avoid the pid-reuse and
637 pid-aliasing problems caused by retaining the exit status of too many jobs,
638 but still retain as many background job statuses as POSIX requires.
640 ww. Fixed a parser bug in processing \<newline> that caused things like
645 to not work correctly.
647 xx. `pwd -P' now sets $PWD to a directory name containing no symbolic links
648 when in posix mode, as POSIX requires.
650 yy. In posix mode, bash no longer sets $PWD to a name containing no symbolic
651 links if a directory is chosen from $CDPATH.
653 zz. The word splitting code now treats an IFS character that is not space,
654 tab, or newline and any adjacent IFS white space as a single delimiter, as
657 aaa. The `read' builtin now checks whether or not the number of fields read is
658 exactly the same as the number of variables instead of just assigning the
659 rest of the line (minus any trailing IFS white space) to the last
660 variable. This is what POSIX/SUS/XPG all require.
662 bbb. Fixed a bug that caused `read' to always check whether or not fd 0 was a
663 pipe, even when reading from another file descriptor.
665 ccc. Fixed a bug that caused short-circuiting of execution even if the return
666 value was being inverted.
668 ddd. Fixed a bug that caused a core dump while decoding \W escapes in PS1 if
671 eee. Fixed a bug in `read' that counted internal quoting characters for the
672 purposes of `read -n'.
674 fff. Fixed a bug so that a function definition in a pipeline causes a child
675 process to be forked at the right time.
677 ggg. Bash will not attempt to link against a readline library that doesn't
678 have rl_gnu_readline_p == 1.
680 hhh. Fixed a bug that caused `read' to consume one too many characters when
681 reading a fixed number of characters and the Nth character is a backslash.
683 iii. Fixed a bug that caused `unset' on variables in the temporary environment
684 to leave them set when `unset' completed.
686 jjj. Fixed a bug that caused bash to close fd 2 if an `exec' failed and the
689 kkk. The completion code is more careful to not turn `/' or `///' into `//',
690 for those systems on which `//' has special meaning.
692 lll. Fixed a bug that caused command substitution in asynchronous commands to
693 close the wrong file descriptors.
695 mmm. The shell no longer prints status messages about terminated background
696 processes unless job control is active.
698 nnn. Fixed a bug that prevented multiple consecutive invocations of `history -s'
699 from adding all the commands to the history list.
701 ooo. Added a couple of changes to make arithmetic expansion more consistent in
702 all its contexts (still not perfect).
704 ppp. Fixed a bug that caused the parser to occasionally not find the right
705 terminating "`" in an old-style command substitution.
707 qqq. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when the shell was reading its non-
708 interactive input from fd 0 and fd 0 was duplicated and restored using a
709 combination of `exec' (to save) and redirection (to restore).
711 rrr. Fixed a problem that caused loops in sourced scripts to not be cleaned
712 up properly when a `return' is executed.
714 sss. Change internal command substitution completion function to append a slash
715 to directory names in the command.
717 2. Changes to Readline
719 a. Fixed a bug that caused multiliine prompts to be wrapped and displayed
722 b. Fixed a bug that caused ^P/^N in emacs mode to fail to display the current
725 c. Fixed a problem in computing the number of invisible characters on the first
726 line of a prompt whose length exceeds the screen width.
728 d. Fixed vi-mode searching so that failure preserves the current line rather
729 than the last line in the history list.
731 e. Fixed the vi-mode `~' command (change-case) to have the correct behavior at
732 end-of-line when manipulating multibyte characters.
734 f. Fixed the vi-mode `r' command (change-char) to have the correct behavior at
735 end-of-line when manipulating multibyte characters.
737 g. Fixed multiple bugs in the redisplay of multibyte characters: displaying
738 prompts longer than the screen width containing multibyte characters,
740 h. Fix the calculation of the number of physical characters in the prompt
741 string when it contains multibyte characters.
743 i. A non-zero value for the `rl_complete_suppress_append' variable now causes
744 no `/' to be appended to a directory name.
746 j. Fixed forward-word and backward-word to work when words contained
747 multibyte characters.
749 k. Fixed a bug in finding the delimiter of a `?' substring when performing
750 history expansion in a locale that supports multibyte characters.
752 l. Fixed a memory leak caused by not freeing the timestamp in a history entry.
754 m. Fixed a bug that caused "\M-x" style key bindings to not obey the setting
755 of the `convert-meta' variable.
757 n. Fixed saving and restoring primary prompt when prompting for incremental
758 and non-incremental searches; search prompts now display multibyte
759 characters correctly.
761 o. Fixed a bug that caused keys originally bound to self-insert but shadowed
762 by a multi-character key sequence to not be inserted.
764 p. Fixed code so rl_prep_term_function and rl_deprep_term_function aren't
765 dereferenced if NULL (matching the documentation).
767 q. Extensive changes to readline to add enough state so that commands
768 requiring additional characters (searches, multi-key sequences, numeric
769 arguments, commands requiring an additional specifier character like
770 vi-mode change-char, etc.) work without synchronously waiting for
773 r. Lots of changes so readline builds and runs on MinGW.
775 s. Readline no longer tries to modify the terminal settings when running in
778 t. The Readline display code no longer sets the location of the last invisible
779 character in the prompt if the \[\] sequence is empty.
781 3. New Features in Bash
783 a. Bash now understands LC_TIME as a special variable so that time display
784 tracks the current locale.
786 b. BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, BASH_SOURCE, and BASH_LINENO are no longer created
787 as `invisible' variables and may not be unset.
789 c. In POSIX mode, if `xpg_echo' option is enabled, the `echo' builtin doesn't
790 try to interpret any options at all, as POSIX requires.
792 d. The `bg' builtin now accepts multiple arguments, as POSIX seems to specify.
794 e. Fixed vi-mode word completion and glob expansion to perform tilde
797 f. The `**' mathematic exponentiation operator is now right-associative.
799 g. The `ulimit' builtin has new options: -i (max number of pending signals),
800 -q (max size of POSIX message queues), and -x (max number of file locks).
802 h. A bare `%' once again expands to the current job when used as a job
805 i. The `+=' assignment operator (append to the value of a string or array) is
806 now supported for assignment statements and arguments to builtin commands
807 that accept assignment statements.
809 j. BASH_COMMAND now preserves its value when a DEBUG trap is executed.
811 k. The `gnu_errfmt' option is enabled automatically if the shell is running
812 in an emacs terminal window.
814 l. New configuration option: --single-help-strings. Causes long help text
815 to be written as a single string; intended to ease translation.
817 m. The COMP_WORDBREAKS variable now causes the list of word break characters
818 to be emptied when the variable is unset.
820 n. An unquoted expansion of $* when $IFS is empty now causes the positional
821 parameters to be concatenated if the expansion doesn't undergo word
824 o. Bash now inherits $_ from the environment if it appears there at startup.
826 p. New shell option: nocasematch. If non-zero, shell pattern matching ignores
827 case when used by `case' and `[[' commands.
829 q. The `printf' builtin takes a new option: -v var. That causes the output
830 to be placed into var instead of on stdout.
832 r. By default, the shell no longer reports processes dying from SIGPIPE.
834 s. Bash now sets the extern variable `environ' to the export environment it
835 creates, so C library functions that call getenv() (and can't use the
836 shell-provided replacement) get current values of environment variables.
838 4. New Features in Readline
840 a. The key sequence sent by the keypad `delete' key is now automatically
841 bound to delete-char.
843 b. A negative argument to menu-complete now cycles backward through the
846 c. A new bindable readline variable: bind-tty-special-chars. If non-zero,
847 readline will bind the terminal special characters to their readline
848 equivalents when it's called (on by default).
850 d. New bindable command: vi-rubout. Saves deleted text for possible
851 reinsertion, as with any vi-mode `text modification' command; `X' is bound
852 to this in vi command mode.
854 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
855 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-release,
856 and the previous version, bash-3.0-rc1.
860 a. Fixed a boundary overrun that could cause segmentation faults when the
861 completion code hands an incomplete construct to the word expansion
864 b. Changed posix mode behavior so that an error in a variable assignment
865 preceding a special builtin causes a non-interactive shell to exit.
867 c. Change the directory expansion portion of the completion code to not
868 expand embedded command substitutions if the directory name appears in
871 d. Fixed a problem that caused `bash -r' to turn on restrictions before
872 reading the startup files.
874 e. Fixed a problem with the default operation of the `umask' builtin.
876 2. Changes to Readline
878 a. Fixed a problem with readline saving the contents of the current line
879 before beginning a non-interactive search.
881 b. Fixed a problem with EOF detection when using rl_event_hook.
883 c. Fixed a problem with the vi mode `p' and `P' commands ignoring numeric
886 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
887 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-rc1,
888 and the previous version, bash-3.0-beta1.
892 a. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect behavior when referecing element 0 of
893 an array using $array, element 0 was unset, and `set -u' was enabled.
895 b. System-specific changes for: SCO Unix 3.2, Tandem.
897 c. Fixed a bug that caused inappropriate word splitting when a variable was
898 expanded within a double-quoted string that also included $@.
900 d. Fixed a bug that caused `pwd' to not display anything in physical mode
901 when the file system had changed underneath the shell.
903 e. Fixed a bug in the pre- and post- increment and decrement parsing in the
904 expression evaluator that caused errors when the operands and corresponding
905 operators were separated by whitespace.
907 f. Fixed a bug that caused `history -p' to add an entry to the history list,
908 counter to the documentation. (Keeps the history expansions invoked by
909 emacs-mode command line editing from doing that as well.)
911 g. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if `cd' is asked to print out a
912 pathname longer than PATH_MAX characters.
914 h. Fixed a bug that caused jobs to be put into the wrong process group under
915 some circumstances after enabling job control with `set -m'.
917 i. `unalias' now returns failure if no alias name arguments are supplied.
919 j. Documented the characters not allowed to appear in an alias name.
921 k. $* is no longer expanded as if in double quotes when it appears in the
922 body of a here document, as the SUS seems to require.
924 l. The `bashbug' script now uses a directory in $TMPDIR for exclusive
925 access rather than trying to guess how the underlying OS provides for
926 secure temporary file creation.
928 m. Fixed a few problems with `cd' and `pwd' when asked to operate on pathnames
929 longer than PATH_MAX characters.
931 n. Fixed a memory leak caused when creating multiple local array variables
932 with identical names.
934 o. Fixed a problem with calls to getcwd() so that bash now operates better
935 when the full pathname to the current directory is longer than PATH_MAX
938 p. The `trap' builtin now reports an error if a single non-signal argument
941 q. Fixed a bug that caused `umask' to not work correctly when presented
942 with a mask of all 0s.
944 r. When `getopts' reaches the end of options, OPTARG is unset, as POSIX
947 s. Interactive mode now depends on whether or not stdin and stderr are
948 connected to a tty; formerly it was stdin and stdout. POSIX requires
951 t. Fixed vi-mode completion to work more as POSIX specifies (e.g., doing the
952 right kind of filename generation).
954 2. Changes to Readline
956 a. Fixed a problem that could cause readline to refer to freed memory when
957 moving between history lines while doing searches.
959 b. Improvements to the code that expands and displays prompt strings
960 containing multibyte characters.
962 c. Fixed a problem with vi-mode not correctly remembering the numeric argument
963 to the last `c'hange command for later use with `.'.
965 d. Fixed a bug in vi-mode that caused multi-digit count arguments to work
968 e. Fixed a problem in vi-mode that caused the last text modification command
969 to not be remembered across different command lines.
971 f. Fixed problems with changing characters and changing case at the end of
974 3. New Features in Bash
976 a. The `jobs', `kill', and `wait' builtins now accept job control notation
977 even if job control is not enabled.
979 b. The historical behavior of `trap' that allows a missing `action' argument
980 to cause each specified signal's handling to be reset to its default is
981 now only supported when `trap' is given a single non-option argument.
983 4. New Features in Readline
985 a. When listing completions, directories have a `/' appended if the
986 `mark-directories' option has been enabled.
988 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
989 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-beta1,
990 and the previous version, bash-3.0-alpha.
994 a. Fixes to build correctly when arrays are not compiled into the shell.
996 b. Fixed command substitution to run any exit trap defined in the command
997 substitution before returning; the exit trap is not inherited from the
1000 c. Fixes to process group synchronization code so that every child process
1001 attempts to set the terminal's process group; fixes some synchronization
1002 problems on Linux kernels that schedule the child to always run before
1005 d. Fixed processing of octal and hex constants in printf builtin for POSIX.2
1008 e. Fixed a couple of core dumps in the pattern removal code.
1010 f. Fixes to the array subrange extraction code to deal better with sparse
1013 g. Parser errors and other errors that result in the shell exiting now cause
1014 the exit trap to be run.
1016 h. Change the command substitution completion functions to not append any
1017 closing quote, because it would be inserted a closing "`" or ")".
1019 i. Fix history initialization so assignments to $histchars made in startup
1022 j. If an exit trap does not contain a call to `exit', the shell now uses
1023 the exit status of the last command executed before the trap as the exit
1024 status of the shell.
1026 k. The parser now prompts with $PS2 if it reads a newline while parsing a
1027 compound array assignment statement.
1029 l. When performing a compound array assignment, the parser doesn't treat
1030 words of the form [index]=value as assignments if they're the result of
1033 m. Fixed a bug that caused `return' executed in a trap command to make the
1034 shell think it was still running the trap.
1036 n. Fixed the value of errno set by the pathname canonicalization functions.
1038 o. Changed the grammar so that `time' alone on a line times a null command
1039 rather than being a syntax error.
1041 p. The pattern substitution code no longer performs quote removal on the
1042 pattern before trying to match it, as the pattern removal functions do.
1044 q. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when checking whether a quoted
1045 command name was being completed.
1047 r. Fixes to the pattern removal and pattern replacement expansions to deal
1048 with multibyte characters better (and faster).
1050 s. Fix to the substring expansion (${param:off[:len]}) to deal with (possibly
1051 multibyte) characters instead of raw bytes.
1053 t. Fixed a bug that caused some key bindings set in an inputrc to be ignored
1056 u. Fixed a bug that caused unsetting a local variable within a function to
1059 v. Fixed a bug that caused invalid variables to be created when using
1062 w. Fixed a bug that caused "$@" to expand incorrectly when used as the right
1063 hand side of a parameter expansion such as ${word:="$@"} if the first
1064 character of $IFS was not a space.
1066 x. Fixed a slight cosmetic problem when printing commands containing a
1067 `>&word' redirection.
1069 y. Fixed a problem that could cause here documents to not be created correctly
1070 if the system temporary directory did not allow writing.
1072 2. Changes to Readline
1074 a. Change to history expansion functions to treat `^' as equivalent to word
1075 one, as the documention states.
1077 b. Some changes to the display code to improve display and redisplay of
1078 multibyte characters.
1080 c. Changes to speed up the multibyte character redisplay code.
1082 d. Fixed a bug in the vi-mode `E' command that caused it to skip over the
1083 last character of a word if invoked while point was on the word's
1084 next-to-last character.
1086 e. Fixed a bug that could cause incorrect filename quoting when
1087 case-insensitive completion was enabled and the word being completed
1088 contained backslashes quoting word break characters.
1090 f. Fixed a bug in redisplay triggered when the prompt string contains
1091 invisible characters.
1093 g. Fixed some display (and other) bugs encountered in multibyte locales
1094 when a non-ascii character was the last character on a line.
1096 h. Fixed some display bugs caused by multibyte characters in prompt strings.
1098 i. Fixed a problem with history expansion caused by non-whitespace characters
1099 used as history word delimiters.
1101 3. New Features in Bash
1103 a. printf builtin understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?.
1105 b. `echo -e' understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?.
1107 c. The GNU `gettext' package and libintl have been integrated; the shell's
1108 messages can be translated into different languages.
1110 d. The `\W' prompt expansion now abbreviates $HOME as `~', like `\w'.
1112 e. The error message printed when bash cannot open a shell script supplied
1113 as argument 1 now includes the name of the shell, to better identify
1114 the error as coming from bash.
1116 4. New Features in Readline
1118 a. New application variable, rl_completion_quote_character, set to any
1119 quote character readline finds before it calls the application completion
1122 b. New application variable, rl_completion_suppress_quote, settable by an
1123 application completion function. If set to non-zero, readline does not
1124 attempt to append a closing quote to a completed word.
1126 c. New application variable, rl_completion_found_quote, set to a non-zero
1127 value if readline determines that the word to be completed is quoted.
1128 Set before readline calls any application completion function.
1130 d. New function hook, rl_completion_word_break_hook, called when readline
1131 needs to break a line into words when completion is attempted. Allows
1132 the word break characters to vary based on position in the line.
1134 e. New bindable command: unix-filename-rubout. Does the same thing as
1135 unix-word-rubout, but adds `/' to the set of word delimiters.
1137 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1138 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-alpha,
1139 and the previous version, bash-2.05b-release.
1143 a. Fixes so that the shell will compile without some of the default options
1146 b. Fixed an error message that did not pass enough arguments to printf.
1148 c. Fixed a bug that caused input redirection to a builtin inside a script
1149 being read from standard input to result in the rest of the already-
1150 read and buffered script to be discarded.
1152 d. Fixed a bug that caused subshell initialization to close the file
1153 descriptor from which the shell was reading a script under certain
1156 e. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not advance a string pointer over
1157 a null wide character when doing string operations.
1159 f. Fixed the internal logout code so that shells that time out waiting for
1160 input (using $TMOUT) run ~/.bash_logout.
1162 g. Portability and configuration changes for: cygwin, HP/UX, GNU/FreeBSD.
1164 h. The parser no longer adds implicit double quotes to ((...)) arithmetic
1167 i. The ((...)) arithmetic command evaluation code was fixed to not dump core
1168 when the expanded string is null.
1170 j. The ((...)) arithmetic command evaluation code was fixed to not perform
1171 variable assignments while expanding the expression.
1173 k. Fixed a bug that caused word splitting to be performed incorrectly when
1174 IFS is set, but null.
1176 l. Fixed a bug in brace expansion that caused a quoted `$' preceding an
1177 open brace to inhibit brace expansion.
1179 m. Fixed a bug that caused a leading `-' in the shell's name to cause it to
1180 not be recognized as a restricted shell.
1182 n. Fixed a bug in the arithmetic evaluation code that could cause longjmps
1183 to an invalid location and result in a core dump.
1185 o. Fixed a bug in the calculation of how many history lines are new in a
1186 single shell session when reading new history lines from a file with
1189 p. Fixed a bug in pathname canonicalization that caused the shell to dump
1190 core when presented with a pathname longer than PATH_MAX.
1192 q. Fixed the parser so that it doesn't try to compare a char variable to
1193 EOF, which fails when chars are unsigned.
1195 r. Fixed a bug in the simple command execution code that caused occasional
1198 s. The shell does a better job of saving any partial parsing state during
1199 operations which cause a command to be executed while a line is being
1202 t. The completion code now splits words more like the expansion code when
1203 $IFS is used to split.
1205 u. The locale code does a better job of recomputing the various locale
1206 variable values when LC_ALL is unset.
1208 v. The programmable completion code does a better job of dequoting expanded
1209 word lists before comparing them against the word to be matched.
1211 w. The shell no longer seg faults if the expanded value of $PS4 is null
1212 and `set -x' is enabled.
1214 x. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when a here string expanded to NULL.
1216 y. The mail checking code now makes sure the mailbox is bigger before
1217 reporting the existence of new mail.
1219 z. The parser does not try to expand $'...' and $"..." when the appear
1220 within double quotes unless the `extquote' option has been enabled with
1221 `shopt'. For backwards compatibility, it is enabled by default.
1223 aa. Fixed a bug that caused `for x; do ...' and `select x; do ... to use
1224 $@ instead of "$@" for the implicit list of arguments.
1226 bb. Fixed a bug that caused a subshell of a restricted shell (e.g., one
1227 spawned to execute a pipeline) to not exit immediately if attempting
1228 to use a command containing a slash.
1230 cc. Fixed a problem with empty replacements for a pattern that doesn't match
1231 when performing ${param/word/} expansion.
1233 dd. Word expansions performed while expanding redirections no longer search
1234 a command's temporary environment to expand variable values.
1236 ee. Improvements to the alias expansion code when expanding subsequent words
1237 because an aliase's value ends with a space.
1239 ff. `cd -' now prints the current working directory after a successful chdir
1240 even when the shell is not interactive, as the standard requires.
1242 gg. The shell does a better job of ensuring a child process dies of SIGINT
1243 before resending SIGINT to itself.
1245 hh. The arithmetic expansion variable assignment code now does the right
1246 thing when assigning to `special' variables like OPTIND.
1248 ii. When history expansion verification is enabled, the bash readline helper
1249 functions that do history expansion on the current line don't print
1252 jj. Fixed bugs with multiple consecutive alias expansion when one of the
1253 expansions ends with a space.
1255 kk. Fixed a problem in the programmable completion code that could cause core
1256 dumps when trying to initialize a set of possible completions from a
1259 ll. The \[ and \] escape characters are now ignored when decoding the prompt
1260 string if the shell is started with editing disabled.
1262 mm. Fixed a bug that could leave extra characters in a string when doing
1263 quoted null character removal.
1265 nn. Command substitution and other subshell operations no longer reset the
1266 line number (aids the bash debugger).
1268 oo. Better line number management when executing simple commands, conditional
1269 commands, for commands, and select commands.
1271 pp. The globbing code now uses malloc, with its better failure properties,
1272 rather than alloca().
1274 qq. Fixed a bug that caused expansions like #{a[2]:=value} to create the
1275 appropriate array element instead of a variable named `a[2]'.
1277 rr. Fixed a bug in the handling of a `?(...)' pattern immediately following
1278 a `*' when extglob is enabled.
1280 ss. Fixed a bug that caused a `return' invoked in an exit trap when exit is
1281 invoked in a function to misbehave.
1283 tt. Fixed a bug that caused CTLESC and CTLNUL characters to not be escaped
1284 by the internal shell string quoting functions.
1286 uu. Fixed a bug that caused quoted null characters in an expanded word list
1287 to be inappropriately assigned to an array variable when using `read -a'.
1289 vv. Fixed a bug that caused redirections accompanying a null command to persist
1290 in the current shell.
1292 ww. Fixed a bug that caused the prompt to be printed when the shell was
1293 expanding a multiline alias.
1295 xx. Fixed a bug that resulted in core dumps when the completion for a command
1296 changed the compspec.
1298 yy. Fixed a bug that caused evaluation of programmable completions to print
1299 notifications of completed jobs.
1301 zz. Bash now disables line editing when $EMACS == `t' and $TERM == `dumb'
1302 (which is what emacs shell windows do).
1304 aaa. In posix mode, `kill -l' causes signal names to be displayed without
1307 bbb. Clear error flag on standard output so it doesn't persist across multiple
1310 ccc. In posix mode, `alias' displays alias values without the leading `alias',
1311 so the output cannot be used as subsequent input.
1313 ddd. In posix mode, the `trap' builtin doesn't check whether or not its
1314 first argument is a signal specification and revert the signal handling
1315 to its original disposition if it is.
1317 eee. Fixed several bugs in the handling of "$*" and "${array[*]}" by the
1318 pattern substitution and removal expansions.
1320 fff. Fixed several problems with the handling of ${array[@]}, ${array[*]},
1321 $@, and $* by the indirect variable expansion code.
1323 ggg. Fixed a bug that did not allow `time' to be aliased.
1325 hhh. Improved the mail checking code so it won't check (and possibly cause an
1326 NFS file system mount) until MAILPATH or MAIL is given a value -- there
1327 is no default if DEFAULT_MAIL_DIRECTORY is not defined at compile time.
1328 (It is computed by configure, but can be #undef'd in config-bot.h.)
1330 iii. If the `chkwinsize' option is enabled, the shell checks for window size
1331 changes if a child process exits due to a signal.
1333 jjj. Removed the attempts to avoid adding a slash at the end of a completed
1334 executable name if there was a directory with the same name in the
1337 kkk. Fixed PATH lookup code so it treats the permission bits separately for
1338 owner, group, and other, rather than checking them all.
1340 lll. Fixed the locale code to reset the parser's idea of the character class
1341 <blank>, which controls how it splits tokens, when the locale changes.
1343 mmm. The shell now binds its special readline functions and key bindings only
1344 if the user's inputrc file has not already bound them.
1346 nnn. The shell now reports on processes that dump core due to signals when
1347 invoked as `-c command'.
1349 2. Changes to Readline
1351 a. Fixes to avoid core dumps because of null pointer references in the
1352 multibyte character code.
1354 b. Fix to avoid infinite recursion caused by certain key combinations.
1356 c. Fixed a bug that caused the vi-mode `last command' to be set incorrectly.
1358 d. Readline no longer tries to read ahead more than one line of input, even
1359 when more is available.
1361 e. Fixed the code that adjusts the point to not mishandle null wide
1364 f. Fixed a bug in the history expansion `g' modifier that caused it to skip
1367 g. Fixed a bug that caused the prompt to overwrite previous output when the
1368 output doesn't contain a newline and the locale supports multibyte
1369 characters. This same change fixes the problem of readline redisplay
1370 slowing down dramatically as the line gets longer in multibyte locales.
1372 h. History traversal with arrow keys in vi insertion mode causes the cursor
1373 to be placed at the end of the new line, like in emacs mode.
1375 i. The locale initialization code does a better job of using the right
1376 precedence and defaulting when checking the appropriate environment
1379 j. Fixed the history word tokenizer to handle <( and >( better when used as
1382 k. The overwrite mode code received several bug fixes to improve undo.
1384 l. Many speedups to the multibyte character redisplay code.
1386 m. The callback character reading interface should not hang waiting to read
1389 n. Fixed a bug with redoing vi-mode `s' command.
1391 o. The code that initializes the terminal tracks changes made to the terminal
1392 special characters with stty(1) (or equivalent), so that these changes
1393 are reflected in the readline bindings. New application-callable function
1394 to make it work: rl_tty_unset_default_bindings().
1396 p. Fixed a bug that could cause garbage to be inserted in the buffer when
1397 changing character case in vi mode when using a multibyte locale.
1399 q. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code that caused problems on systems
1400 supporting multibyte characters when moving between history lines when the
1401 new line has more glyphs but fewer bytes.
1403 r. Undo and redo now work better after exiting vi insertion mode.
1405 s. Make sure system calls are restarted after a SIGWINCH is received using
1408 t. Improvements to the code that displays possible completions when using
1409 multibyte characters.
1411 u. Fixed a problem when parsing nested if statements in inputrc files.
1413 v. The completer now takes multibyte characters into account when looking for
1414 quoted substrings on which to perform completion.
1416 w. The history search functions now perform better bounds checking on the
1419 3. New Features in Bash
1421 a. ANSI string expansion now implements the \x{hexdigits} escape.
1423 b. There is a new loadable `strftime' builtin.
1425 c. New variable, COMP_WORDBREAKS, which controls the readline completer's
1426 idea of word break characters.
1428 d. The `type' builtin no longer reports on aliases unless alias expansion
1429 will actually be performed.
1431 e. HISTCONTROL is now a colon-separated list of values, which permits
1432 more extensibility and backwards compatibility.
1434 f. HISTCONTROL may now include the `erasedups' option, which causes all lines
1435 matching a line being added to be removed from the history list.
1437 g. `configure' has a new `--enable-multibyte' argument that permits multibyte
1438 character support to be disabled even on systems that support it.
1440 h. New variables to support the bash debugger: BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV,
1441 BASH_SOURCE, BASH_LINENO, BASH_SUBSHELL, BASH_EXECUTION_STRING,
1444 i. FUNCNAME has been changed to support the debugger: it's now an array
1447 j. for, case, select, arithmetic commands now keep line number information
1450 k. There is a new `RETURN' trap executed when a function or sourced script
1451 returns (not inherited child processes; inherited by command substitution
1452 if function tracing is enabled and the debugger is active).
1454 l. New invocation option: --debugger. Enables debugging and turns on new
1455 `extdebug' shell option.
1457 m. New `functrace' and `errtrace' options to `set -o' cause DEBUG and ERR
1458 traps, respectively, to be inherited by shell functions. Equivalent to
1459 `set -T' and `set -E' respectively. The `functrace' option also controls
1460 whether or not the DEBUG trap is inherited by sourced scripts.
1462 n. The DEBUG trap is run before binding the variable and running the action
1463 list in a `for' command, binding the selection variable and running the
1464 query in a `select' command, and before attempting a match in a `case'
1467 o. New `--enable-debugger' option to `configure' to compile in the debugger
1470 p. `declare -F' now prints out extra line number and source file information
1471 if the `extdebug' option is set.
1473 q. If `extdebug' is enabled, a non-zero return value from a DEBUG trap causes
1474 the next command to be skipped, and a return value of 2 while in a
1475 function or sourced script forces a `return'.
1477 r. New `caller' builtin to provide a call stack for the bash debugger.
1479 s. The DEBUG trap is run just before the first command in a function body is
1480 executed, for the debugger.
1482 t. `for', `select', and `case' command heads are printed when `set -x' is
1485 u. There is a new {x..y} brace expansion, which is shorthand for {x.x+1,
1486 x+2,...,y}. x and y can be integers or single characters; the sequence
1487 may ascend or descend; the increment is always 1.
1489 v. New ksh93-like ${!array[@]} expansion, expands to all the keys (indices)
1492 w. New `force_fignore' shopt option; if enabled, suffixes specified by
1493 FIGNORE cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even
1494 if they're the only possibilities.
1496 x. New `gnu_errfmt' shopt option; if enabled, error messages follow the `gnu
1497 style' (filename:lineno:message) format.
1499 y. New `-o bashdefault' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes the
1500 whole set of bash completions to be performed if the compspec doesn't
1503 z. New `-o plusdirs' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes directory
1504 name completion to be performed and the results added to the rest of the
1505 possible completions.
1507 aa. `kill' is available as a builtin even when the shell is built without
1510 bb. New HISTTIMEFORMAT variable; value is a format string to pass to
1511 strftime(3). If set and not null, the `history' builtin prints out
1512 timestamp information according to the specified format when displaying
1513 history entries. If set, bash tells the history library to write out
1514 timestamp information when the history file is written.
1516 cc. The [[ ... ]] command has a new binary `=~' operator that performs
1517 extended regular expression (egrep-like) matching.
1519 dd. `configure' has a new `--enable-cond-regexp' option (enabled by default)
1520 to enable the =~ operator and regexp matching in [[ ... ]].
1522 ee. Subexpressions matched by the =~ operator are placed in the new
1523 BASH_REMATCH array variable.
1525 ff. New `failglob' option that causes an expansion error when pathname
1526 expansion fails to produce a match.
1528 gg. New `set -o pipefail' option that causes a pipeline to return a failure
1529 status if any of the processes in the pipeline fail, not just the last
1532 4. New Features in Readline
1534 a. History expansion has a new `a' modifier equivalent to the `g' modifier
1535 for compatibility with the BSD csh.
1537 b. History expansion has a new `G' modifier equivalent to the BSD csh `g'
1538 modifier, which performs a substitution once per word.
1540 c. All non-incremental search operations may now undo the operation of
1541 replacing the current line with the history line.
1543 d. The text inserted by an `a' command in vi mode can be reinserted with
1546 e. New bindable variable, `show-all-if-unmodified'. If set, the readline
1547 completer will list possible completions immediately if there is more
1548 than one completion and partial completion cannot be performed.
1550 f. There is a new application-callable `free_history_entry()' function.
1552 g. History list entries now contain timestamp information; the history file
1553 functions know how to read and write timestamp information associated
1556 h. Four new key binding functions have been added:
1558 rl_bind_key_if_unbound()
1559 rl_bind_key_if_unbound_in_map()
1560 rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound()
1561 rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound_in_map()
1563 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1564 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-release,
1565 and the previous version, bash-2.05b-beta2.
1569 a. Fixed an off-by-one error in the function that translates job
1572 b. Note that we're running under Emacs and disable line editing if
1575 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1576 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-beta2,
1577 and the previous version, bash-2.05b-beta1.
1581 a. Fixed the /= and %= arithmetic operators to catch division by zero.
1583 b. Added putenv, setenv, unsetenv to getenv replacement for completeness.
1585 c. Fixed a bug that could cause the -O expand_aliases invocation option
1588 d. Fixed a problem with process substitution that resulted in incorrect
1589 behavior when the number of process substitutions in an individual
1590 command approached 64.
1592 2. Changes to Readline
1594 a. Fixed a problem with backward-char-search when on a system with support
1595 for multibyte characters when running in a locale without any multibyte
1598 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1599 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-beta1,
1600 and the previous version, bash-2.05b-alpha1.
1604 a. Fixed a problem when parsing a POSIX.2 character class name while
1605 evaluating a bracket expression containing multibyte characters.
1607 b. Changed the help text for `bind' to make it clear that any command
1608 that may be placed in ~/.inputrc is a valid argument to `bind'.
1610 c. Added `help' builtin entries for `((', `[[', and arithmetic for.
1612 d. malloc updated again:
1613 o slightly better overflow and underflow detection by putting the
1614 chunk size at the beginning and end of the chunk and making
1615 sure they match in free/realloc
1616 o partial page allocated to make things page-aligned no longer
1618 o block coalescing now enabled by default
1619 o splitting and coalescing enabled for 32-byte chunks, the most
1620 common size requested
1621 o fixed a problem that resulted in spurious underflow messages and
1623 o bin sizes are precomputed and stored in an array rather than
1624 being computed at run time
1625 o malloc will return memory blocks back to the system if the block
1626 being freed is at the top of the heap and of sufficient size to
1628 o malloc/free/realloc now inline memset instead of calling the
1629 libc function; uses Duff's device for good performance
1631 e. Check for getservent(); make the service name completion code dependent
1634 f. Changed the readline callback that executes a command bound to a key
1635 sequence to not save the executed command on the history list and to
1636 save and restore the parsing state.
1638 g. Changes to lib/sh/snprintf.c: fixed some bugs in the `g' and `G'
1639 floating point format display; implemented the "'" flag character
1640 that turns on thousands' grouping; fixed behavior on systems where
1641 MB_CUR_MAX does not evaluate to a constant.
1643 h. The `unset' builtin no longer returns a failure status when asked to
1644 unset a previously-unset variable or function.
1646 i. Changes to the build system to make it easier to cross-compile bash
1647 for different systems.
1649 j. Added `,' to the characters that are backslash-escaped during filename
1650 completion, to avoid problems with complete-into-braces and RCS filenames
1653 k. Some changes to the multibyte character support code to avoid many calls
1656 l. Bash now correctly honors setting LANG to some value when LC_ALL does not
1657 already have a value.
1659 m. Fixed a bug that could cause SIGSEGV when processing nested traps with
1662 n. The `source/.' builtin now restores the positional parameters when it
1663 returns unless they were changed using the `set' builtin during the file's
1666 o. Fixed a bug that caused a syntax error when a command was terminated by
1669 2. New Features in Bash
1671 a. There is now support for placing the long help text into separate files
1672 installed into ${datadir}/bash. Not enabled by default; can be turned
1673 on with `--enable-separate-helpfiles' option to configure.
1675 b. All builtins that take operands accept a `--' pseudo-option, except
1678 c. The `echo' builtin now accepts \0xxx (zero to three octal digits following
1679 the `0') in addition to \xxx (one to three octal digits) for SUSv3/XPG6/
1680 POSIX.1-2001 compliance.
1682 3. Changes to Readline
1684 a. Fixed a small problem in _rl_insert_char with multibyte characters.
1686 b. Fixes from IBM for line wrapping problems when using multibyte characters.
1688 c. Fixed a problem which caused the display to be messed up when the last
1689 line of a multi-line prompt (possibly containing invisible characters)
1690 was longer than the screen width.
1692 d. Fixed a problem with the vi-mode `r' command that ocurred on systems with
1693 support for multibyte characters when running in a locale without any
1694 multibyte characters.
1696 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1697 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-alpha1,
1698 and the previous version, bash-2.05a-release.
1702 a. Some changes to work around inlining differences between compilers.
1704 b. Added more prototypes for internal shell typedefs, to catch argument
1705 passing errors when using pointers to functions.
1707 c. The `cd' builtin now fails in posix mode when a valid directory cannot be
1708 constructed from a relative pathname argument and the $PWD using pathname
1709 canonicalization, and the -P option has not been supplied. Previously,
1710 the shell would attempt to use what the user typed, leading to weird
1711 values for $PWD and discrepancies between the value of $PWD and the
1712 actual working directory.
1714 d. The `cd' builtin now resets $PWD when canonicalization fails but a chdir
1715 to the pathname passed as an argument succeeds (when not in posix mode).
1717 e. The `fc' builtin has been fixed, as POSIX requires, to use the closest
1718 history position in range when given an out-of-range argument.
1720 f. The history file loading code was changed to allow lines to be saved in
1721 the history list from the shell startup files.
1723 g. `history -s args' now works better in compound commands.
1725 h. The tilde expansion code was fixed to better recognize when it's being
1726 invoked in an assignment context, which enables expansion after `='
1729 i. Fixed the command name completion code so a slash is no longer appended
1730 to a single match if there happens to be a directory with that name in
1733 j. Fixed compound array assignment to no longer perform alias expansion, to
1734 allow reserved words as array members, and to not produce extra output
1735 when the `-v' option had been enabled.
1737 k. Fixed the programmable completion code to better handle newlines in lists
1738 of possible completions (e.g., `complete -W').
1740 l. Removed the reserved words from the `bash-builtins' manual page.
1742 m. Parser error reporting now attempts to do a better job of identifying the
1743 token in error rather than doing straight textual analysis.
1745 n. Fixes for Inf/NaN, locales, wide/multibyte characters and zero-length
1746 arguments in the library snprintf(3) replacement.
1748 o. `read -e' no longer does command name completion on the first word on
1749 the line being read.
1751 p. `select' now returns failure if the read of the user's selection fails.
1753 q. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when setting $PIPESTATUS.
1755 r. Fixes to not allocate so many job slots when the shell is running a loop
1756 with job control enabled in a subshell of an interactive shell.
1758 s. Fixed a bug in the trap code that caused traps to be inherited by
1759 command substitutions in some cases.
1761 t. Fixed a bug that could cause alias expansion to inappropriately expand
1762 the word following the alias.
1764 u. Fixed a bug in the `kill' builtin that mishandled negative pid arguments.
1766 v. The parser is less lenient when parsing assignment statements where the
1767 characters before the `=' don't comprise a valid identifier.
1769 w. The arithmetic expression evaluation code now honors the setting of the
1770 `-u' option when expanding variable names.
1772 x. Fixed the arithmetic evaluation code to allow array subscripts to be
1773 assigned (`let b[7]=42') and auto-incremented and auto-decremented
1776 y. Reimplemented the existing prompt string date and time expansions using
1777 strftime(3), which changed the output of \@ in some locales.
1779 z. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when a special shell variable
1780 (like RANDOM) was converted to an array with a variable assignment.
1782 aa. Fixed a bug that would reset the handler for a signal the user had
1783 trapped to a function that would exit the shell when setting the exit
1784 trap in a non-interactive shell.
1786 bb. Changed the execve(2) wrapper code to check whether or not a failing
1787 command is a directory before looking at whether a `#!' interpreter
1788 failed for some reason.
1790 cc. Fixed a bug in the command printing code so it no longer inserts a `;'
1791 after a newline, which produces a syntax error when reused as input.
1793 dd. The code that expands $PS4 no longer inherits the `-x' flag.
1795 ee. The bash-specific completion functions may now take advantage of the
1796 double-TAB and M-? features of the standard readline completion
1799 ff. The mail checking code no longer prints a message if the checked file's
1800 size has not increased, even if the access time is less than the modification time.
1802 gg. Rewrote the variable symbol table code: there is now a stack of
1803 contexts, each possibly including a separate symbol table; there can
1804 be more than one temporary environment supplied to nested invocations
1805 of `./source'; the temporary environments no longer require so much
1806 special-case code; shell functions now handle the temporary environment
1807 and local variables more consistently; function scope exit is faster now
1808 that the entire symbol table does not have to be traversed to dispose of
1809 local variables; it is now easier to push vars from the temporary
1810 environment to the shell's variable table in posix mode; some duplicated
1811 code has been removed.
1813 hh. Regularized the error message printing code; builtin_error is now called
1814 more consistently, and common error message strings are handled by small
1815 functions. This should make eventual message translation easier.
1817 ii. Error messages now include the line number in a script when the shell
1820 jj. Array subscript expansion now takes place even when the array variable is
1821 unset, so side effects will take place.
1823 kk. Fixed a bug in the SICGHLD child-reaping code so that it won't find
1824 jobs already marked as terminated if the OS reuses pids quickly enough.
1826 ll. Fixed a bug that could cause a signal to not interrupt the `wait'
1827 builtin while it was waiting for a background process to terminate.
1829 mm. A couple of changes to make it easier for multiple shells to share history
1830 files using `history -n', `history -r', and `history -w'.
1832 nn. The `getopts' builtin always increments OPTIND to point to the next
1833 option to be handled when an option is returned, whether it's valid
1834 or not, as POSIX 1003.x-2001 requires.
1836 oo. Changed some parts of the expansion code to avoid allocating and
1837 immediately freeing memory without using the results for anything.
1839 pp. The shell now keeps track of $IFS internally, updating its internal map
1840 each time the variable is assigned a new value (or at local scope exit).
1841 This saves thousands of hash lookups for IFS, which, while individually
1844 qq. Rewrote the hash table code: searching and insertion are much faster now,
1845 and it uses a better string hashing function; augmented the function
1846 interface to simplify other parts of the code and remove duplicated code
1848 rr. The shell now uses a simple, generic `object cache' for allocating and
1849 caching words and word lists, which were the major users of
1852 ss. Fixed the assignment statement parsing code to allow whitespace and
1853 newlines in subscripts when performing array element assignment.
1855 tt. The shell now issues many fewer calls to sigprocmask and other signal
1856 masking system calls.
1858 uu. Fixed the `test' and conditional command file comparison operators to
1859 work right when one file has a non-positive timestamp and the other
1862 vv. Fixed some cases where the special characters '\001' and '\177' in the
1863 values of variables or positional parameters caused incorrect expansion
1866 2. Changes to Readline
1868 a. Fixed output of comment-begin character when listing variable values.
1870 b. Added some default key bindings for common escape sequences produced by
1873 c. Fixed the mark handling code to be more emacs-compatible.
1875 d. A bug was fixed in the code that prints possible completions to keep it
1876 from printing empty strings in certain circumstances.
1878 e. Change the key sequence printing code to print ESC as M\- if ESC is a
1879 meta-prefix character -- it's easier for users to understand than \e.
1881 f. Fixed unstifle_history() to return values that match the documentation.
1883 g. Fixed the event loop (rl_event_hook) to handle the case where the input
1884 file descriptor is invalidated.
1886 h. Fixed the prompt display code to work better when the application has a
1887 custom redisplay function.
1889 i. Changes to make reading and writing the history file a little faster, and
1890 to cope with huge history files without calling abort(3) from xmalloc.
1892 j. The vi-mode `S' and `s' commands are now undone correctly.
1894 3. New Features in Bash
1896 a. If set, TMOUT is the default timeout for the `read' builtin.
1898 b. `type' has two new options: `-f' suppresses shell function lookup, and
1899 `-P' forces a $PATH search.
1901 c. New code to handle multibyte characters.
1903 d. `select' was changed to be more ksh-compatible, in that the menu is
1904 reprinted each time through the loop only if REPLY is set to NULL.
1905 The previous behavior is available as a compile-time option.
1907 e. `complete -d' and `complete -o dirnames' now force a slash to be
1908 appended to names which are symlinks to directories.
1910 f. There is now a bindable edit-and-execute-command readline command,
1911 like the vi-mode `v' command, bound to C-xC-e in emacs mode.
1913 g. Added support for ksh93-like [:word:] character class in pattern matching.
1915 h. The $'...' quoting construct now expands \cX to Control-X.
1917 i. A new \D{...} prompt expansion; passes the `...' to strftime and inserts
1918 the result into the expanded prompt.
1920 j. The shell now performs arithmetic in the largest integer size the
1921 machine supports (intmax_t), instead of long.
1923 k. If a numeric argument is supplied to one of the bash globbing completion
1924 functions, a `*' is appended to the word before expansion is attempted.
1926 l. The bash globbing completion functions now allow completions to be listed
1927 with double tabs or if `show-all-if-ambiguous' is set.
1929 m. New `-o nospace' option for `complete' and `compgen' builtins; suppresses
1930 readline's appending a space to the completed word.
1932 n. New `here-string' redirection operator: <<< word.
1934 o. When displaying variables, function attributes and definitions are shown
1935 separately, allowing them to be re-used as input (attempting to re-use
1936 the old output would result in syntax errors).
1938 p. There is a new configuration option `--enable-mem-scramble', controls
1939 bash malloc behavior of writing garbage characters into memory at
1940 allocation and free time.
1942 q. The `complete' and `compgen' builtins now have a new `-s/-A service'
1943 option to complete on names from /etc/services.
1945 r. `read' has a new `-u fd' option to read from a specified file descriptor.
1947 s. Fix the completion code so that expansion errors in a directory name
1948 don't cause a longjmp back to the command loop.
1950 t. Fixed word completion inside command substitution to work a little more
1953 u. The `printf' %q format specifier now uses $'...' quoting to print the
1954 argument if it contains non-printing characters.
1956 v. The `declare' and `typeset' builtins have a new `-t' option. When applied
1957 to functions, it causes the DEBUG trap to be inherited by the named
1958 function. Currently has no effect on variables.
1960 w. The DEBUG trap is now run *before* simple commands, ((...)) commands,
1961 [[...]] conditional commands, and for ((...)) loops.
1963 x. The expansion of $LINENO inside a shell function is only relative to the
1964 function start if the shell is interactive -- if the shell is running a
1965 script, $LINENO expands to the line number in the script. This is as
1966 POSIX-2001 requires.
1968 y. The bash debugger in examples/bashdb has been modified to work with the
1969 new DEBUG trap semantics, the command set has been made more gdb-like,
1970 and the changes to $LINENO make debugging functions work better. Code
1973 z. New [n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections from ksh93 -- move fds (dup
1976 aa. There is a new `-l' invocation option, equivalent to `--login'.
1978 bb. The `hash' builtin has a new `-l' option to list contents in a reusable
1979 format, and a `-d' option to remove a name from the hash table.
1981 4. New Features in Readline
1983 a. Support for key `subsequences': allows, e.g., ESC and ESC-a to both
1984 be bound to readline functions. Now the arrow keys may be used in vi
1987 b. When listing completions, and the number of lines displayed is more than
1988 the screen length, readline uses an internal pager to display the results.
1989 This is controlled by the `page-completions' variable (default on).
1991 c. New code to handle editing and displaying multibyte characters.
1993 d. The behavior introduced in bash-2.05a of deciding whether or not to
1994 append a slash to a completed name that is a symlink to a directory has
1995 been made optional, controlled by the `mark-symlinked-directories'
1996 variable (default is the 2.05a behavior).
1998 e. The `insert-comment' command now acts as a toggle if given a numeric
1999 argument: if the first characters on the line don't specify a
2000 comment, insert one; if they do, delete the comment text
2002 f. New application-settable completion variable:
2003 rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs, allows an application's completion
2004 function to temporarily override the user's preference for appending
2005 slashes to names which are symlinks to directories.
2007 g. New function available to application completion functions:
2008 rl_completion_mode, to tell how the completion function was invoked
2009 and decide which argument to supply to rl_complete_internal (to list
2012 h. Readline now has an overwrite mode, toggled by the `overwrite-mode'
2013 bindable command, which could be bound to `Insert'.
2015 i. New application-settable completion variable:
2016 rl_completion_suppress_append, inhibits appending of
2017 rl_completion_append_character to completed words.
2019 j. New key bindings when reading an incremental search string: ^W yanks
2020 the currently-matched word out of the current line into the search
2021 string; ^Y yanks the rest of the current line into the search string,
2022 DEL or ^H deletes characters from the search string.
2024 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2025 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-release,
2026 and the previous version, bash-2.05a-rc1.
2030 a. Fixed the `printf' builtin so that the variable name supplied as an
2031 argument to a %n conversion must be a valid shell identifier.
2033 b. Improved the random number generator slightly.
2035 c. Changes to configuration to not put -I/usr/include into $CFLAGS, since
2036 it messes up some includes.
2038 d. Corrected description of POSIXLY_CORRECT in man page and info manual.
2040 e. Fixed a couple of cases of incorrect function prototypes that sneaked
2041 through and caused compilation problems.
2043 f. A few changes to avoid potential core dumps in the programmable completion
2046 g. Fixed a configure problem that could cause a non-existent file to show
2049 h. Fixed a configure problem that could cause siglist.o to not be built when
2052 i. Changes to the strtoimax and strtoumax replacement functions to work
2053 around buggy compilers.
2055 j. Fixed a problem with the snprintf replacement function that could
2056 potentially cause a core dump.
2058 2. Changes to Readline
2060 a. Fixed a locale-specific problem in the vi-mode `goto mark' command.
2062 b. Fixed Makefile to not put -I/usr/include into CFLAGS, since it can cause
2063 include file problems.
2065 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2066 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-rc1,
2067 and the previous version, bash-2.05a-beta1.
2071 a. Fixed the snprintf replacement to correctly implement the `alternate form'
2072 of the %g and %G conversions.
2074 b. Fixed snprintf to correctly handle the optional precision with the %g and
2077 c. Fixed the arithmetic evaluation code to correct the values of `@' and `_'
2078 when translating base-64 constants (they were backwards).
2080 d. New library functions for formatting long and long long ints.
2082 e. Fixed a few places where negative array subscripts could have occurred,
2083 mostly as the result of systems using signed characters.
2085 f. Fixed a few places that assumed a pid_t was no wider than an int.
2087 g. Fixed the `maildir' mail checking code to work on systems where a
2088 `struct stat' doesn't include an `st_blocks' member.
2090 h. Fixed snprintf to make `unsigned long long' conversion formats (%llu)
2093 i. Fixed snprintf to not print a sign when asked to do an unsigned conversion.
2095 j. Made configure changes to avoid compiling empty source files in lib/sh.
2097 k. New replacement functions (if necessary) for strtoull, strtoll, strtoimax,
2100 l. The `printf' builtin now handles the `ll' and `j' length modifiers
2101 directly, since they can affect the type and width of the argument
2102 passed to printf(3).
2104 m. Renamed a number of the bash-specific autoconf macros in aclocal.m4 to
2105 have more sytematic naming, with accompanying changes to configure.in.
2107 n. Fixed snprintf to handle long doubles and the %a/%A conversions by
2108 falling back to sprintf, as long as sprintf supports them.
2110 o. Fixed return value from vsnprintf/snprintf to be the number of characters
2111 that would have been printed, even if that number exceeds the buffer
2112 size passed as an argument.
2114 p. Bash no longer attempts to define its own versions of some ctype macros
2115 if they are implemented as functions in libc but not as macros in
2118 q. Changed the variable printing code (used by `set', `export', etc.) to
2119 not use the $'...' syntax when in posix mode, since that caused
2120 interoperability problems with other shells (most notably with autoconf).
2121 When not in posix mode, it uses $'...' if the string to be printed
2122 contains non-printing characters and regular single quotes otherwise.
2124 r. snprintf now recognizes the %F conversion.
2126 s. Fixed a bug that could cause the wrong status to be returned by a shell
2127 function when the shell is compiled without job control and a null
2128 command containing a command substutition was executed in the function.
2130 t. When in posix mode, the default value for MAILCHECK is 600.
2132 u. Bash only initializes FUNCNAME, GROUPS, and DIRSTACK as special variables
2133 if they're not in the initial environment.
2135 v. If SECONDS appears in the initial environment with a valid integer value,
2136 bash uses that as the starting value, as if an assignment had been
2139 w. Bash no longer auto-exports HOME, PATH, SHELL, or TERM, even though it
2140 gives them default values if they don't appear in the initial environment.
2142 x. Bash no longer auto-exports HOSTNAME, HOSTTYPE, MACHTYPE, or OSTYPE,
2143 even if it assigns them default values.
2145 y. Bash no longer removes the export attribute from SSH_CLIENT or SSH2_CLIENT
2146 if they appear in the initial environment.
2148 z. Bash no longer attempts to discover if it's being run by sshd in order to
2149 run the startup files. If the SSH_SOURCE_BASHRC is uncommented in
2150 config-top.h it will attempt to do so as previously, but that's commented
2151 out in the distributed version.
2153 aa. Fixed a typo in the code that tests for LC_NUMERIC.
2155 bb. The POSIXLY_CORRECT shell variable and its effects are now documented.
2157 cc. Some changes to several of the support shell scripts included in the
2158 definitions to try to avoid race conditions and attacks.
2160 dd. Several changes to avoid warnings from `gcc -Wall'.
2162 ee. Fixed a problem with the `unset' builtin that could cause incorrect
2163 results if asked to unset a variable and an array subscript in the
2166 ff. A few changes to the shell's temporary file creation code to avoid
2167 potential file descriptor leaks and to prefer the system's idea of
2168 the temporary directory to use.
2170 gg. Fixes to build with the C alloca in lib/malloc/alloca.c if the system
2171 requires it but the shell has been configured --without-bash-malloc.
2173 hh. Updated the documentation to note that only interactive shells resend
2174 SIGHUP to all jobs before exiting.
2176 ii. Fixes to only pass unquoted tilde words to tilde_expand, rather than
2177 rely on tilde_expand or getpwnam(3) to handle the quotes (MacOS 10.x
2178 will remove backslashes in any login name passed to getpwnam(3)).
2180 jj. Small change from Paul Eggert to make LINENO right in commands run with
2183 2. New Features in Bash
2185 a. The `printf' builtin now handles the %a and %A conversions if they're
2186 implemented by printf(3).
2188 b. The `printf' builtin now handles the %F conversion (just about like %f).
2190 c. The `printf' builtin now handles the %n conversion like printf(3). The
2191 corresponding argument is the name of a shell variable to which the
2194 3. Changes to Readline
2196 a. Fixed a few places where negative array subscripts could have occurred.
2198 b. Fixed the vi-mode code to use a better method to determine the bounds of
2199 the array used to hold the marks.
2201 c. Fixed the defines in chardefs.h to work better when chars are signed.
2203 d. Fixed configure.in to use the new names for bash autoconf macros.
2205 e. Readline no longer attempts to define its own versions of some ctype
2206 macros if they are implemented as functions in libc but not as macros in
2209 f. Fixed a problem where rl_backward could possibly set point to before
2210 the beginning of the line.
2212 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2213 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-beta1,
2214 and the previous version, bash-2.05a-alpha1.
2218 a. Fixed a bug in the evalution of arithmetic `for' statements when the
2219 expanded expression is NULL.
2221 b. Fixed an unassigned variable problem in the redirection printing code.
2223 c. Added more prototypes to extern function declarations in the header
2224 files and to static function declarations in C source files.
2226 d. Make sure called functions have a prototype in scope, to get the arguments
2227 and return values right instead of casting. Removed extern function
2228 declarations from C source files that were already included in header
2231 e. Changed some function arguments to use function typedefs in general.h so
2232 the prototypes can be checked. The only use of Function and VFunction
2233 now is for unwind-protects.
2235 f. More const changes to function arguments and appropriate variables.
2237 g. Changed the mail checking support to handle `maildir'-style mail
2240 h. Augmented the bash malloc to pass in the file and line number information
2241 for each malloc, realloc, and free. This should result in better error
2244 i. The `old' gnu malloc is no longer a configuration option.
2246 j. Augmented the bash malloc with optional tracing and registering allocated
2249 k. Prompt string decoding now saves and restores the value of $? when it
2250 expands the prompt string, so command substitutions don't change $?.
2252 i. Array indices are now `long', since shell arithmetic is performed as long,
2253 and the internal arrayind_t type is used consistently.
2255 j. Some more `unsigned char *' fixes from Paul Eggert.
2257 k. Fixed a bad call to builtin_error that could cause core dumps when making
2260 l. `return' may no longer be used to terminate a `select' command, for
2261 compatibility with ksh.
2263 m. Changed code that reads octal numbers to do a better job of detecting
2266 n. The time formatting code no longer uses absolute indices into a buffer,
2267 because the buffer size changes depending on the size of a `time_t'.
2269 o. `umask' now prints four digits when printing in octal mode, for
2270 compatibility with other shells.
2272 p. Lots of changes to the `printf' builtin from Paul Eggert: it handles `L'
2273 formats and long doubles better, and internal functions have been
2274 simpified where appropriate.
2276 q. Some `time_t' fixes for machines were a time_t is bigger than a long.
2278 r. Replaced some bash-specific autoconf macros with standard equivalents.
2280 s. Improvmed the code that constructs temporary filenames to make the
2281 generated names a bit more random.
2283 t. Added code that checks for ascii before calling any of the is* ctype
2286 u. Changed some places where a `char' was used as an array subscript to use
2287 `unsigned char', since a `char' can be negative if it's signed by default.
2289 v. Lots of changes to the `ulimit' builtin from Paul Eggert to add support
2290 for the new POSIX-200x RLIM_SAVED_CUR and RLIM_SAVED_MAX values and
2293 w. `ulimit' now prints the description of a resource in any error message
2294 relating to fetching or setting that resource's limits.
2296 x. The `snprintf' replacement now computes maximum values at compile
2297 time rather than using huge constants for things like long long.
2299 y. Interactive shells now ignore `set -n'.
2301 z. Changed the malloc bookkeeping information so that it's now 8 bytes
2302 instead of 12 on most 32-bit machines (saving 4 bytes per allocation),
2303 restoring 8-byte alignment.
2305 aa. The malloc error reporting code now attempts to print the file and line
2306 number of the call that caused the error.
2308 bb. Changed the redirection error reporting code to catch EBADF errors and
2309 report the file descriptor number rather than the file being redirected
2310 to or from (e.g., things like `exec 4242<x' where 4242 is an out-of-range
2313 cc. `printf', `echo -e', and the $'...' code now process only two hex digits
2314 after a `\x' escape sequence for compatibility with other shells, and
2315 the documentation was changed to note that the octal and hex escape
2316 sequences result in an eight-bit value rather than strict ASCII.
2318 2. Changes to Readline
2320 a. The completion code now attempts to do a better job of preserving the
2321 case of the word the user typed if ignoring case in completions.
2323 b. Readline defaults to not echoing the input and lets the terminal
2324 initialization code enable echoing if there is a controlling terminal.
2326 c. The key binding code now processes only two hex digits after a `\x'
2327 escape sequence, and the documentation was changed to note that the
2328 octal and hex escape sequences result in an eight-bit value rather
2331 3. New Features in Bash
2333 a. The builtin `ulimit' now takes two new non-numeric arguments: `hard',
2334 meaning the current hard limit, and `soft', meaning the current soft
2335 limit, in addition to `unlimited'
2337 b. `ulimit' now prints the option letter associated with a particular
2338 resource when printing more than one limit.
2340 c. `ulimit' prints `hard' or `soft' when a value is not `unlimited' but is
2341 one of RLIM_SAVED_MAX or RLIM_SAVED_CUR, respectively.
2343 4. New Features in Readline
2345 a. New bindable variable `history-preserve-point'. If set, the history
2346 code attempts to place the user at the same location on each history
2347 line retrived with previous-history or next-history.
2349 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2350 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-alpha1,
2351 and the previous version, bash-2.05-release.
2355 a. Better checks in the redirection code for write errors.
2357 b. bashbug now uses $TMPDIR, defaulting to /tmp, and uses mktemp(1) more
2360 c. System-specific configuration changes for: Interix, OpenBSD, FreeBSD,
2363 d. Some more `const' cleanups through the code.
2365 e. Fixed a typo in the /dev/fd redirection code, better checks for valid
2366 numeric fds in /dev/fd.
2368 f. Fixed many parts of the shell to handle integer overflow more gracefully
2369 and to do more stringent checks for valid numbers.
2371 g. Fixed mksignames to include config.h.
2373 h. Fixed an uninitialized variable problem that could cause the shell to core
2374 dump when replacing characters in a string.
2376 i. New mechanism for updating the patch level when official patches are
2377 released (patchlevel.h).
2379 j. configure.in changed to no longer require external files _distribution and
2382 k. Fixed non-interactive shell initialization problem when bash started as
2385 l. Fixed printf builtin conversion error handling to be POSIX.2-conformant.
2387 m. autoconf-2.52 is now used to build configure; autoconf-2.50 or newer is
2388 required. Some of the bash-specific macros were removed, since they are
2391 n. Startup files and files read with source or `.' are no longer required to
2394 o. Fixed core dump in builtin printf when user-supplied precision or field
2397 p. Fixed builtin printf to treat a negative field width as a positive field
2398 width with left-justification.
2400 r. New unwind-protect implementation from Paul Eggert.
2402 s. Fixed an inadvertently-unclosed comment in the bash completion code that
2403 caused programmable completions to not add trailing slashes or spaces to
2406 t. Fixed the process substitution code to cope better when stdin is closed.
2408 v. Fixes, mostly from Paul Eggert, for a few possible buffer overflows in
2411 w. Fixes from Paul Eggert to avoid most of the type casts in the shell code,
2412 and use more appropriate types for a number of variables.
2414 x. Command substition no longer inherits the DEBUG trap.
2416 y. Some fixes to the process substition code on machines without /dev/fd so
2417 that named pipes are not removed inappropriately.
2419 z. The loadable `getconf' builtin is now much more complete, and will become
2420 part of the shell in the future.
2422 aa. The select command no longer terminates on a `return', so it can be used
2423 to return from an enclosing function (as ksh does it).
2425 bb. Fixed the extended pattern matching code to behave better when presented
2426 with incorrectly-formed patterns.
2428 cc. Some changes were made with the intent of making cross-compilation easier.
2430 dd. The network code (/dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections) uses getaddrinfo(3)
2431 if it's available, which adds support for IPv6.
2433 ee. Subshells of login shells no longer source ~/.bash_logout when they exit.
2435 ff. Fixes so that subshells don't exit inappropriately if the -e option has
2438 gg. Restricted shells no longer allow functions to be exported.
2440 hh. Changes to the pattern matching code so extended pattern matching works
2441 on systems with deficient shared library implementations, like MacOS X.
2443 ii. Better error messages when a script with a leading `#!interp' fails
2444 to execute because of problems with `interp'.
2446 jj. Fixed `compgen' to handle the `-o default' option better.
2448 kk. Fixed the job control code to force an asynchronous process's standard
2449 input to /dev/null only if job control is not active.
2451 ll. Fixed a possible infinite recursion problem when `fc ""=abc' (a null
2452 pattern) is used to re-execute a previous command.
2454 mm. Fixed `declare [-a] var=value' to assign VALUE to element 0 if VAR is an
2455 array variable. Similarly for `declare [-a] var[N]=value'. This is like
2458 nn. Fixed a bug that caused `read -a aname' to work even if ANAME had been
2461 oo. Fixed a possible integer overflow problem when constructing names for
2464 2. New Features in Bash
2466 a. Added support for DESTDIR installation root prefix, so you can do a
2467 `make install DESTDIR=bash-root' and do easier binary packaging.
2469 b. Added support for builtin printf "'" flag character as per latest POSIX
2472 c. Support for POSIX.2 printf(1) length specifiers `j', `t', and `z' (from
2475 d. New autoconf macro, RL_LIB_READLINE_VERSION, for use by other applications
2476 (bash doesn't use very much of what it returns).
2478 e. `set [-+]o nolog' is recognized as required by the latest POSIX drafts,
2481 f. New read-only `shopt' option: login_shell. Set to non-zero value if the
2482 shell is a login shell.
2484 g. New `\A' prompt string escape sequence; expands to time in 24 HH:MM format.
2486 h. New `-A group/-g' option to complete and compgen; does group name
2489 i. New `-t' option to `hash' to list hash values for each filename argument.
2491 j. New [-+]O invocation option to set and unset `shopt' options at startup.
2493 k. configure's `--with-installed-readline' option now takes an optional
2494 `=PATH' suffix to set the root of the tree where readline is installed
2497 l. The ksh-like `ERR' trap has been added. The `ERR' trap will be run
2498 whenever the shell would have exited if the -e option were enabled.
2499 It is not inherited by shell functions.
2501 m. `readonly', `export', and `declare' now print variables which have been
2502 given attributes but not set by assigning a value as just a command and
2503 a variable name (like `export foo') when listing, as the latest POSIX
2506 n. `bashbug' now requires that the subject be changed from the default.
2508 o. configure has a new `--enable-largefile' option, like other GNU utilities.
2510 p. `for' loops now allow empty word lists after `in', like the latest POSIX
2513 3. Changes to Readline
2515 a. More `const' and type casting fixes.
2517 b. Changed rl_message() to use vsnprintf(3) (if available) to fix buffer
2520 c. The completion code no longer appends a `/' or ` ' to a match when
2521 completing a symbolic link that resolves to a directory name, unless
2522 the match does not add anything to the word being completed. This
2523 means that a tab will complete the word up to the full name, but not
2524 add anything, and a subsequent tab will add a slash.
2526 d. Fixed a trivial typo that made the vi-mode `dT' command not work.
2528 e. Fixed the tty code so that ^S and ^Q can be inserted with rl_quoted_insert.
2530 f. Fixed the tty code so that ^V works more than once.
2532 g. Changed the use of __P((...)) for function prototypes to PARAMS((...))
2533 because the use of __P in typedefs conflicted g++ and glibc.
2535 4. New Features in Readline
2537 a. Added extern declaration for rl_get_termcap to readline.h, making it a
2538 public function (it was always there, just not in readline.h).
2540 b. New #defines in readline.h: RL_READLINE_VERSION, currently 0x0402,
2541 RL_VERSION_MAJOR, currently 4, and RL_VERSION_MINOR, currently 2.
2543 c. New readline variable: rl_readline_version, mirrors RL_READLINE_VERSION.
2545 d. New bindable boolean readline variable: match-hidden-files. Controls
2546 completion of files beginning with a `.' (on Unix). Enabled by default.
2548 e. The history expansion code now allows any character to terminate a
2549 `:first-' modifier, like csh.
2551 f. The incremental search code remembers the last search string and uses
2552 it if ^R^R is typed without a search string.
2554 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2555 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-release,
2556 and the previous version, bash-2.05-beta2.
2560 a. Make sure we note that the first line of a multi-line command was not
2561 saved in the history if the tests for HISTCONTROL succeed, but the
2562 HISTIGNORE check fails.
2564 b. Fixed a bug in the pattern matching code that caused `[' to be treated
2565 as a special character inside a `[...]' bracket expression.
2567 c. Fixed a bug in the pattern matching code that caused `]' to terminate
2568 a bracket expression even if it was the first character after the `['
2569 (or a leading `!' or `^').
2571 d. Made a small change to report a more user-friendly error message if
2572 execve(2) fails because of an error with the interpreter in a script
2573 with a leading `#! interpreter'.
2575 e. If the OS does not support an exec(2) magic number of `#!', make sure we
2576 have a non-null interpreter name before attempting to execute it.
2578 f. Fixed a bug that caused the shell process to end up in a different
2579 process group than the controlling terminal if a job-control shell was
2580 run with `exec' in the startup files.
2582 g. When started in POSIX mode, either by `bash --posix', `bash -o posix', or
2583 `sh', $SHELLOPTS includes `posix' and POSIXLY_CORRECT is set.
2585 h. Fixed a problem that caused the `\W' prompt string escape sequence to
2586 expand to nothing when $PWD was `//'.
2588 i. The `bashbug' shell script no longer uses $(...) command substitution.
2590 j. When `set' is invoked without options in POSIX mode, it no longer prints
2591 the names and definitions of shell functions.
2593 2. Changes to Readline
2595 a. rl_set_paren_blink_timeout() is now documented.
2597 b. Corrected history.3 man page: `$' is not in the default value of
2598 history_word_delimiters.
2600 c. If a hook function assigned to rl_event_hook sets rl_done to a non-zero
2601 value, rl_read_key() now immediately returns '\n' (which is assumed to
2602 be bound to accept-line).
2604 3. New Features in Bash
2606 a. The `>&word' redirection now works in POSIX mode as it does by default,
2607 since POSIX.2 leaves it unspecified.
2609 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2610 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-beta2,
2611 and the previous version, bash-2.05-beta1.
2615 a. Fixed a bug in the arithmetic evaluation code so that a^=b is supported.
2617 b. Fixed startup so posixly_correct is retained across subshells begun to
2618 execute scripts without a leading `#!'.
2620 c. Fixed a bug that caused $(< file) to not work in a (...) subshell.
2622 d. Added config support for Linux running on the IBM S390.
2624 e. Fixed a bug that caused bash to get its input pointer out of sync when
2625 reading commands through a pipe and running a command with standard
2626 input redirected from a file.
2628 f. Made a change so that command completion now makes about half as many
2629 stat(2) calls when searching the $PATH.
2631 g. Fixed a bug that caused variable assignments preceding `return' to not
2632 be propagated to the shell environment in POSIX mode.
2634 h. Fixed a bug with ${parameter[:]?word} -- tilde expansion was not performed
2637 i. In POSIX mode, `break' and `continue' do not complain and return success
2638 if called when the shell is not executing a loop.
2640 j. Fixed `bash -o posix' to work the same as `bash --posix'.
2642 k. Fixed a bug where variable assignments preceding `eval' or `source/.'
2643 would not show up in the environment exported to subshells run by the
2646 l. In POSIX mode, shells started to execute command substitutions inherit
2647 the value of the `-e' option from their parent shell.
2649 m. In POSIX mode, aliases are expanded even in non-interactive shells.
2651 n. Changed some of the job control messages to display the text required by
2652 POSIX.2 when the shell is in POSIX mode.
2654 o. Fixed a bug in `test' that caused it to occasionally return incorrect
2655 results when non-numeric arguments were supplied to `-t'.
2657 2. Changes to Readline
2659 a. Some changes were made to avoid gcc warnings with -Wall.
2661 b. rl_get_keymap_by_name now finds keymaps case-insensitively, so
2662 `set keymap EMACS' works.
2664 c. The history file writing and truncation functions now return a useful
2667 d. Fixed a bug that could cause applications to dereference a NULL pointer
2668 if a NULL second argument was passed to history_expand().
2670 3. New Features in Bash
2672 a. doc/readline.3 has been moved to the readline distribution.
2674 4. New Features in Readline
2676 a. New function, rl_get_screen_size (int *rows, int *columns), returns
2677 readline's idea of the screen dimensions.
2679 b. The timeout in rl_gather_tyi (readline keyboard input polling function)
2680 is now settable via a function (rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout()).
2682 c. Renamed the max_input_history variable to history_max_entries; the old
2683 variable is maintained for backwards compatibility.
2685 d. The list of characters that separate words for the history tokenizer is
2686 now settable with a variable: history_word_delimiters. The default
2689 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2690 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-beta1,
2691 and the previous version, bash-2.05-alpha1.
2695 a. Changes to allow shared library and object building on the GNU Hurd.
2697 b. Fixes to the way exported functions are placed into the environment and
2700 c. The globbing library once again respects locales when processing ranges
2701 in bracket expressions while doing pattern matching.
2703 d. System-specific configuration changes for: Tru 64, Interix
2705 e. Bashbug now uses /usr/bin/editor as one of the editing alternatives, and
2706 will use mktemp(1) or tempfile(1), if present, for temporary file creation.
2708 f. Bash no longer performs a binary file check on a script argument that's
2709 really a tty (like /dev/fd/0 or /dev/stdin).
2711 g. Fixed a bug in the execution of shell scripts that caused the effects of
2712 $BASH_ENV to be undone in some cases.
2714 h. Fixed several bugs that made `bash [-i] /dev/stdin' not work correctly.
2716 i. Several changes to the job control code to avoid some signal state
2719 j. The Bash malloc no longer blocks signals as often, which should make it
2722 k. Fixed a parsing bug that did not allow backslash to escape a single quote
2723 inside a $'...' construct.
2725 l. Fixed a bug that caused things like ${var:=$'value'} to be parsed
2726 incorrectly. This showed up in newer versions of autoconf.
2728 m. Fixed a bug in the bash-specific readline initialization that caused
2729 key bindings to bash-specific function names appearing in .inputrc to
2732 n. Bash now sets the file descriptor it uses to save the file descriptor
2733 opened on a shell script to close on exec.
2735 o. Fixed a bug in the prompt string decoding that caused it to misbehave
2736 when presented an octal sequence of fewer than three characters.
2738 p. Fixed the `test' builtin to return an error if `[' is supplied a single
2739 argument that is not `]'.
2741 q. Fixed a bug that caused subshells started to run executable shell scripts
2742 without a leading `#!' to incorrectly inherit an argument list preceding
2743 a shell builtin (like such a script called from a script sourced with `.',
2744 where there were variable assignments preceding the `.' command)
2746 r. Fixed a bug that caused changes to variables supplied in an assignment
2747 statement preceding a shell builtin to not be honored (like a script
2750 s. HOSTTYPE, OSTYPE, and MACHTYPE are set only if they do not have values
2751 when the shell is started.
2753 t. Fixed a bug that caused SIGINT to kill shell scripts after the script
2756 u. The `fc' builtin now tries to create its temporary files in the directory
2759 v. Bash no longer calls any Readline functions or uses any Readline variables
2760 not declared in readline.h.
2762 w. Fixed a bug that caused some substitutions involving $@ to not be split
2763 correctly, especially expansions of the form ${paramterOPword}.
2765 x. SSH2_CLIENT is now treated like SSH_CLIENT and not auto-exported if it
2766 appears in the initial environment.
2768 y. Fixed a couple of problems with shell scripts without a leading `#!'
2769 being executed out of shell functions that could cause core dumps if
2770 such a script attempted to execute `return'.
2772 z. Fixed a problem with the `-nt' and `-ot' binary operators for the
2773 `test/[' builtin and the `[[' conditional command that caused wrong
2774 return values if one of the file arguments did not exist.
2776 aa. Fixed a bug that caused non-interactive shells which had previously
2777 executed `shopt -s expand_aliases' to fail to expand aliases in a
2778 command like `(command) &'.
2780 2. Changes to Readline
2782 a. Changes to make most (but not yet all -- there is still crlf()) of the
2783 exported readline functions declared in readline.h have an rl_ prefix.
2785 b. More `const' changes in function arguments, mostly for completion
2788 c. Fixed a bug in rl_forward that could cause the point to be set to before
2789 the beginning of the line in vi mode.
2791 d. Fixed a bug in the callback read-char interface to make it work when a
2792 readline function pushes some input onto the input stream with
2793 rl_execute_next (like the incremental search functions).
2795 e. Fixed a file descriptor leak in the history file manipulation code that
2796 was tripped when attempting to truncate a non-regular file (like
2799 f. Some existing variables are now documented and part of the public
2800 interface (declared in readline.h): rl_explict_arg, rl_numeric_arg,
2801 rl_editing_mode, rl_last_func.
2803 g. Renamed rltty_set_default_bindings to rl_tty_set_default_bindings and
2804 crlf to rl_crlf, so there are no public functions declared in readline.h
2805 without an `rl_' prefix. The old functions still exist for backwards
2808 3. New Features in Bash
2810 a. A new loadable builtin, realpath, which canonicalizes and expands symlinks
2811 in pathname arguments.
2813 b. When `set' is called without options, it prints function defintions in a
2814 way that allows them to be reused as input. This affects `declare' and
2815 `declare -p' as well.
2817 4. New Features in Readline
2819 a. New application-callable function rl_set_prompt(const char *prompt):
2820 expands its prompt string argument and sets rl_prompt to the result.
2822 b. New application-callable function rl_set_screen_size(int rows, int cols):
2823 public method for applications to set readline's idea of the screen
2826 c. The history example program (examples/histexamp.c) is now built as one
2829 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2830 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-alpha1,
2831 and the previous version, bash-2.04-release.
2835 a. A fix was made to allow newlines in compond array assignments.
2837 b. configure now checks for real-time signals with unusable values.
2839 c. Interactive shells no longer exit if a substitution fails because of an
2840 unset variable within a sourced file.
2842 d. Fixed a problem with incorrect matching of extended glob patterns when
2843 doing pattern substitution.
2845 e. `{' is now quoted by the completion code when it appears in a filename.
2847 f. Fixed an error in pattern matching that caused the matcher to not
2848 correctly skip the rest of a bracket expression after a character
2851 g. Fixed a bug in the IFS word splitting code to make a non-whitespace IFS
2852 character preceded by IFS whitespace part of the current delimiter rather
2853 than generating a separate field.
2855 h. The {!prefix@} expansion now generates separate words, analogous to $@,
2858 i. Command substitution now ignores NUL bytes in the command output, and the
2859 parser ignores them on input.
2861 j. A fix was made to the job control code to prevent hanging processes when
2862 the shell thinks background processes are running but the kernel returns
2863 -1/ECHILD from waitpid().
2865 k. `pwd' now prints an error message if the write fails when displaying the
2868 l. When in POSIX mode, the shell prints trap dispostions without a leading
2869 `SIG' in the signal specification.
2871 m. Fixed a parser bug that caused the current command's line count to be
2872 messed up by a compound array assignment.
2874 n. Fixed a bug in the unwind-protect code that caused bad behavior on machines
2875 where ints and pointers are not the same size.
2877 o. System-specific configure changes for: MacOS X.
2879 p. Changes for Cygwin to translate \r\n and \r to \n and to set file
2880 descriptors used for reading input to text mode in various places.
2882 q. Fixed a bug that caused `!' to occasionally not be honored when in
2885 r. Bash no longer assumes that getcwd() will return any useful error message
2886 in the buffer passed as an argument if the call fails.
2888 s. The `source', `.', and `fc' builtins no longer check whether a file is
2889 binary before reading commands from it.
2891 t. Subshells no longer turn off job control when they exit, since that
2892 sometimes resulted in the terminal being reset to the wrong process
2895 u. The history code no longer tries to save the second and subsequent lines
2896 of a multi-line command if the first line was not saved.
2898 v. The history saving code now does a better job of saving blank lines in a
2901 w. Removed a `feature' that made `ulimit' silently translate `unlimited' to
2902 the current hard limit, which obscured some kernel error returns.
2904 x. Fixed the grammar so that `}' is recognized as a reserved word after
2905 another reserved word, rather than requiring a `;' or newline. This
2906 means that constructs like
2908 { { echo a b c ; } }
2912 y. Conditional commands ([[...]]) now perform tilde expansion on their
2915 z. Noted in the documentation that `set -a' will cause functions to be
2916 exported if they are defined after `set -a' is executed.
2918 aa. When an interactive login shell starts, if $PWD and $HOME refer to the
2919 same directory but are not the same string, $PWD is set to $HOME.
2921 bb. Fixed `printf' to handle invalid floating point numbers better.
2923 cc. Temporary files are now created with random filenames, to improve security.
2925 dd. The readline initialization code now binds the custom bash functions and
2926 key bindings after the readline defaults are set up.
2928 ee. Fixed the `source' builtin to no longer overwrite a shell function's
2929 argument list, even if the sourced file changes the positional parameters.
2931 ff. A bug fix was made in the expansion of `$*' in contexts where it should
2932 not be split, like assignment statements.
2934 gg. Fixed a bug in the parameter substring expansion to handle conditional
2935 arithmetic expressions ( exp ? val1 : val2 ) without cutting the expression
2936 off at the wrong `:'.
2938 hh. The `<>' redirection is no longer subject to the current setting of
2939 `noclobber', as POSIX.2 specifies.
2941 ii. Fixed a bug in the conditional command parsing code that caused expressions
2942 in parentheses to occasionally be parsed incorrectly.
2944 jj. Fixed a bug in the ((...)) arithmetic command to allow do...done or
2945 {...} to follow the )) without an intervening list terminator.
2947 kk. `printf' now treats `\E' the same as `\e' when performing backslash escape
2948 expansion for the `%b' format specifier.
2950 ll. When in POSIX mode, the shell no longer searches the current directory for
2951 a file to be sourced with `.' or `source' if `.' is not in $PATH.
2953 mm. Interactive comments are no longer turned off when POSIX mode is disabled.
2955 nn. The UID, EUID, HOSTNAME variables are not set if they are in the shell's
2956 environment when it starts up.
2958 oo. Fixed a bug in the `command' builtin so the effect of a command like
2959 `command exec 4<file' is as if the `command' had been omitted.
2961 pp. ${foo[@]} and ${foo[*]} now work as in ksh93 if `foo' is not an array
2964 qq. ${#foo[X]}, where X is 0, @, or *, now work as in ksh93 if `foo' is not
2967 rr. The shell's idea of an absolute pathname now takes into account a
2968 possible drive specification on Cygwin and other Windows systems.
2970 ss. Fixed a bug which caused incorrect parsing of some multi-character
2971 constructs if they were split across input lines with backslash-newline
2974 tt. Fixed a bug that caused restricted shell mode to be set inappropriately
2975 when trying to execute a shell script without a leading `#!'.
2977 uu. Shell function definitions no longer require that the body be a group
2978 command ( {...} ), as POSIX.2 requires.
2980 vv. The `cd' and `pwd' builtins now process symlinks in pathnames internally
2981 and should require many fewer calls to getcwd().
2983 ww. Fixed a bug that caused a pipeline's process group to be set incorrectly
2984 if one of the pipeline elements contained a command substitution.
2986 xx. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when expanding the value of HISTIGNORE.
2988 yy. The output of `set' is now quoted using $'...' so invisible characters are
2989 displayed as escape sequences.
2991 zz. Fixed the help text for `unset', since PATH and IFS may both be unset.
2993 aaa. The shell no longer puts directory names into the command hash table.
2995 bbb. Fixed a bug in `read' that caused it to occasionally free memory twice if
2996 it was interrupted after reading a large amount of data.
2998 ccc. Assignment statements that attempt to assign values to readonly variables
2999 now cause the command to return an error status.
3001 ddd. Fixed a bug that could cause incorrect output if a $(<file) construct was
3004 eee. GROUPS and FUNCNAME now return an error status when assignment is
3005 attempted, but may be unset (in which case they lose their special
3006 properties). In all respects except unsetting, they are readonly.
3008 fff. The string-to-integer conversion code now ignores trailing whitespace in
3009 the string, even if strtol(3) does not.
3011 ggg. The tcsh magic-space function now does a better job of inserting the
3012 space close to where the point was before the history expansion, rather
3013 than just appending it.
3015 hhh. Fixed a bug which caused a file sourced from an interactive shell to
3016 fill up the jobs table if it ran lots of jobs.
3018 iii. Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code to avoid infinite
3019 recursion on zero-length matches.
3021 2. Changes to Readline
3023 a. When setting the terminal attributes on systems using `struct termio',
3024 readline waits for output to drain before changing the attributes.
3026 b. A fix was made to the history word tokenization code to avoid attempts to
3027 dereference a null pointer.
3029 c. Readline now defaults rl_terminal_name to $TERM if the calling application
3030 has left it unset, and tries to initialize with the resultant value.
3032 d. Instead of calling (*rl_getc_function)() directly to get input in certain
3033 places, readline now calls rl_read_key() consistently.
3035 e. Fixed a bug in the completion code that allowed a backslash to quote a
3036 single quote inside a single-quoted string.
3038 f. rl_prompt is no longer assigned directly from the argument to readline(),
3039 but uses memory allocated by readline. This allows constant strings to
3040 be passed to readline without problems arising when the prompt processing
3041 code wants to modify the string.
3043 g. Fixed a bug that caused non-interactive history searches to return the
3044 wrong line when performing multiple searches backward for the same string.
3046 h. Many variables, function arguments, and function return values are now
3047 declared `const' where appropriate, to improve behavior when linking with
3050 i. The control character detection code now works better on systems where
3051 `char' is unsigned by default.
3053 j. The vi-mode numeric argument is now capped at 999999, just like emacs mode.
3055 k. The Function, CPFunction, CPPFunction, and VFunction typedefs have been
3056 replaced with a set of specific prototyped typedefs, though they are
3057 still in the readline header files for backwards compatibility.
3059 m. Nearly all of the (undocumented) internal global variables in the library
3060 now have an _rl_ prefix -- there were a number that did not, like
3061 screenheight, screenwidth, alphabetic, etc.
3063 n. The ding() convenience function has been renamed to rl_ding(), though the
3064 old function is still defined for backwards compatibility.
3066 o. The completion convenience functions filename_completion_function,
3067 username_completion_function, and completion_matches now have an rl_
3068 prefix, though the old names are still defined for backwards compatibility.
3070 p. The functions shared by readline and bash (linkage is satisfied from bash
3071 when compiling with bash, and internally otherwise) now have an sh_ prefix.
3073 q. Changed the shared library creation procedure on Linux and BSD/OS 4.x so
3074 that the `soname' contains only the major version number rather than the
3075 major and minor numbers.
3077 r. Fixed a redisplay bug that occurred when the prompt spanned more than one
3078 physical line and contained invisible characters.
3080 3. New Features in Bash
3082 a. Added a new `--init-file' invocation argument as a synonym for `--rcfile',
3083 per the new GNU coding standards.
3085 b. The /dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections now accept service names as well as
3088 c. `complete' and `compgen' now take a `-o value' option, which controls some
3089 of the aspects of that compspec. Valid values are:
3091 default - perform bash default completion if programmable
3092 completion produces no matches
3093 dirnames - perform directory name completion if programmable
3094 completion produces no matches
3095 filenames - tell readline that the compspec produces filenames,
3096 so it can do things like append slashes to
3097 directory names and suppress trailing spaces
3099 4. New Features in Readline
3101 a. The blink timeout for paren matching is now settable by applications.
3103 b. _rl_executing_macro has been renamed to rl_executing_macro, which means
3104 it's now part of the public interface.
3106 c. Readline has a new variable, rl_readline_state, which is a bitmap that
3107 encapsulates the current state of the library; intended for use by
3108 callbacks and hook functions.
3110 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3111 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-release,
3112 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta5.
3116 a. Better compile-time and configure-time checks for the necessity of
3119 b. A bug was fixed in the expansion of "${@:-}" when there are positional
3122 c. A typo was fixed in the output of `complete'.
3124 d. The matches generated for a word by the `-W' argument to complete and
3125 compgen are now matched against the word being completed, and only
3126 matches are returned as the result.
3128 e. Some fixes were made for systems which do not restart read(2) when a
3129 signal caught by bash is received.
3131 f. A bug was fixed which caused the umask to be set to 0 when an invalid
3132 symbolic mode mask was parsed.
3134 g. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if a SIGCHLD was received while
3135 performing an assignment statement using command substitution.
3137 h. Changed the word splitting function for programmable completion so cases
3138 in which the cursor is between words are handled a bit better.
3140 2. Changes to Readline
3142 a. rl_funmap_names() is now documented.
3144 3. New Features in Bash
3146 a. The LC_NUMERIC variable is now treated specially, and used to set the
3147 LC_NUMERIC locale category for number formatting, e.g., when `printf'
3148 displays floating-point numbers.
3150 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3151 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta5,
3152 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta4.
3156 a. A couple of changes were made to the Makefiles for easier building on
3159 b. Fixed a bug where the current prompt would be set to $PS2 at startup.
3161 c. The shell script that tests an already-installed version was changed to
3162 remove the directory it created its test programs in at exit.
3164 d. Several changes were made to the code that tokenizes an input line for
3165 the programmable completion code. Shell metacharacters will now appear
3166 as individual words in the word list passed to the completion functions.
3167 Some of the example completion shell functions were changed to understand
3168 redirection operators.
3170 e. A bug was fixed that, under obscure circumstances, could confuse the
3171 parser when a shell function was run by the programmable completion code.
3173 f. A bug was fixed in the ulimit builtin for systems not using getrlimit().
3175 g. The execution code now propagates the correct exit status back to the rest
3176 of the code if the return value of a subshell command was being inverted.
3177 Some new test cases for inverting return values with the `!' reserved
3178 word have been added.
3180 h. Negative exponents in the arithmetic evaluation of v**e now return an
3183 i. A bug that caused bash to check the wrong process in a pipeline for
3184 abnormal termination (and consequently resetting the terminal attributes)
3187 j. Fixed a bug that caused $PS2 to be displayed after PROMPT_COMMAND was
3190 2. Changes to Readline
3192 1. Fixed a bug in a C preprocessor define that caused the keypad control
3193 functions to be compiled out for all platforms except DJGPP.
3195 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3196 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta4,
3197 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta3.
3201 a. A couple of changes were made to the redirection to attempt to avoid
3202 race conditions and malicious file replacement.
3204 2. A change was made to the string evaluation code (used for command
3205 substitution, `eval', and the `.' builtin) to fix an obscure core
3206 dump on alpha machines.
3208 3. A bug that caused $LINENO to be wrong when executing arithmetic for
3211 4. A couple of memory leaks in the programmable completion code were fixed.
3213 5. A bug that could cause a core dump by freeing memory twice during a call
3214 to `eval' if `set -u' had been enabled and an undefined variable was
3215 referenced was fixed.
3217 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3218 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta3,
3219 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta2.
3223 a. Bash should run the appropriate startup files when invoked by ssh2.
3225 b. Fixed a bug in the parsing of conditional commands that could cause a
3228 c. Fixed a bug in parsing job specifications that occasionally caused
3229 core dumps when an out-of-range job was referenced.
3231 d. Fixed the `type' and `command' builtins to do better reporting of
3232 commands that are not found in $PATH or the hash table.
3234 e. Fixed a POSIX.2 compliance problem in the command builtin -- commands
3235 are supposed to be reported as full pathnames.
3237 f. The `echo' builtin now returns failure if a write error occurs.
3239 g. Fixed a bug which caused the locale to not be reset correctly when
3242 h. Changed description of `getopts' in man page and reference manual to make
3243 it clear that option characters may be characters other than letters.
3245 i. If the shell exits while in a function, make sure that any trap on EXIT
3246 doesn't think the function is still executing.
3248 j. Bashbug now tries harder to find a usable editor if $EDITOR is not set,
3249 rather than simply defaulting to `emacs'.
3251 k. Changes to the scripts that guess and canonicalize the system type, from
3252 the latest `automake' distribution via Debian.
3254 l. When using named pipes for process substitution, make sure the file
3255 descriptors opened for reading are set to non-blocking mode.
3257 m. Fixed a bug that caused termination of pipelines that are killed by a
3258 signal to not be reported in some cases.
3260 n. When not in literal-history mode, shell comment lines are not added to
3263 o. When running in POSIX.2 mode, bash no longer performs word splitting on
3264 the expanded value of the word supplied as the filename argument to
3265 redirection operators.
3267 p. The prompt string decoding code now backslash-quotes only characters that
3268 are special within double quotes when expanding the \w and \W escape
3271 q. Fixed a bug in the prompt decoding code that could cause a non-interactive
3272 shell to seg fault if `\u' was used in PS4 and the shell was in xtrace
3275 r. Fixed a bug that caused function definitions to be printed with any
3276 redirections that should be attached to the entire function before the
3279 s. Changed the tilde expansion code for Cygwin systems to avoid creating
3280 pathnames beginning with `//' if $HOME == `/'.
3282 t. Fixed a couple of autoconf tests to avoid creating files with fixed names
3285 u. The `trap' and `kill' builtins now know the names of the POSIX.1b real-
3286 time signals on systems which support them.
3288 2. Changes to Readline
3290 a. Fixed a problem with the single-quote quoting function that could cause
3293 b. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect `stat characters' to be printed if
3294 the files being completed were in the root directory and visible-stats
3297 3. New Features in Bash
3299 a. There is a new `rbash.1' manual page, from the Debian release.
3301 b. The `--enable-usg-echo-default' option to `configure' has been renamed to
3302 `--enable-xpg-echo-default'. The old option is still there for backwards
3305 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3306 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta2,
3307 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta1.
3311 a. Fixed a bug that could cause pipes to be closed inappropriately in
3314 b. Fixed a bug that caused creation of the exported environment to clobber
3315 the current command string if there were any exported shell functions.
3317 c. Some changes were made to reduce bash's memory usage.
3319 d. Fixed a problem with programmable completion and filenames to be
3320 completed containing quote characters.
3322 e. Changed the code the removes named pipes created for the <(...) and >(...)
3323 expansions to defer removal until after any current shell function has
3326 f. Fixed a bug in `select' which caused it to not handle the `continue'
3329 g. Autoconf tests added for cygwin32 and mingw32.
3331 2. New Features in Bash
3333 a. The `--with-bash-malloc' configure option replaces `--with-gnu-malloc'
3334 (which is still there for backwards compatibility).
3336 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3337 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta1,
3338 and the previous version, bash-2.04-alpha1.
3342 a. Fixed a bug in the programmable completion code that occurred when
3343 trying to complete command lines containing a `;' or `@'.
3345 b. The file descriptor from which the shell is reading a script is now
3346 moved to a file descriptor above the user-addressible range.
3348 c. Changes to `printf' so that it can handle integers beginning with 0
3349 or 0x as octal and hex, respectively.
3351 d. Fixes to the programmable completion code so it handles nonsense like
3352 `compgen -C xyz' gracefully.
3354 e. The shell no longer modifies the signal handler for SIGPROF, allowing
3355 profiling again on certain systems.
3357 f. The shell checks for a new window size, if the user has requested it,
3358 after a process exits due to a signal.
3360 g. Fixed a bug with variables with null values in a program's temporary
3361 environment and the bash getenv() replacement.
3363 h. `declare' and the other builtins that take variable assignments as
3364 arguments now honor `set -a' and mark modified variables for export.
3366 i. Some changes were made for --dump-po-strings mode when writing strings
3367 with embedded newlines.
3369 j. The code that caches export strings from the initial environment now
3370 duplicates the string rather than just pointing into the environment.
3372 k. The filename completion quoting code now uses single quotes by default
3373 if the filename being completed contains newlines, since \<newline>
3374 has a special meaning to the parser.
3376 l. Bash now uses typedefs bits32_t and u_bits32_t instead of int32_t and
3377 u_int32_t, respectively to avoid conflicts on certain Unix versions.
3379 m. Configuration changes were made for: Rhapsody, Mac OS, FreeBSD-3.x.
3381 n. Fixed a problem with hostname-to-ip-address translation in the
3382 /dev/(tcp|udp)/hostname/port redirection code.
3384 o. The texinfo manual has been reorganized slightly.
3386 p. Filename generation (globbing) range comparisons in bracket expressions
3387 no longer use strcoll(3) even if it is available, since it has unwanted
3388 effects in certain locales.
3390 q. Fixed a cosmetic problem in the source that caused the shell to not
3391 compile if DPAREN_ARITHMETIC was not defined but ARITH_FOR_COMMAND was.
3393 r. Fixed a bug in the here-document code tripped when the file descriptor
3394 opened to the file containing the text of the here document was the
3395 same as a redirector specified by the user.
3397 s. Fixed a bug where the INVERT_RETURN flag was not being set for `pipeline'
3398 in `time ! pipeline'.
3400 t. Fixed a bug with the `wait' builtin which manifested itself when an
3401 interrupt was received while the shell was waiting for asynchronous
3402 processes in a shell script.
3404 u. Fixed the DEBUG trap code so that it has the correct value of $?.
3406 v. Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code that could cause
3407 the shell to attempt to free unallocated memory if the pattern started
3408 with `/' and an expansion error occurs.
3410 w. Fixed a bug in the positional parameter substring code that could
3411 cause the shell to loop freeing freed memory.
3413 x. Fixed a bug in the positional parameter pattern substitution code so
3414 that it correctly handles null replacement strings with a pattern
3415 string prefixed with `%' or `#'.
3417 y. The shell no longer attempts to import functions from the environment if
3420 z. Fixed a bug that caused `return' in a command substitution executed in
3421 a shell function to return from the function in a subshell and continue
3424 aa. `hash -p /pathname/with/slashes name' is no longer allowed when the shell
3427 bb. The wait* job control functions now behave better if called when there
3428 are no unwaited-for children.
3430 cc. Command substitution no longer unconditionally disables job control in
3431 the subshell started to run the command.
3433 dd. A bug was fixed that occasionally caused traps to mess up the parser
3436 ee. `bashbug' now honors user headers in the mail message it sends.
3438 ff. A bug was fixed that caused the `:p' history modifier to not print the
3439 history expansion if the `histverify' option was set.
3441 2. Changes to Readline
3443 a. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code for lines with more than 256 line
3446 b. A bug was fixed which caused invisible character markers to not be
3447 stripped from the prompt string if the terminal was in no-echo mode.
3449 c. Readline no longer tries to get the variables it needs for redisplay
3450 from the termcap entry if the calling application has specified its
3451 own redisplay function. Readline treats the terminal as `dumb' in
3454 d. Fixes to the SIGWINCH code so that a multiple-line prompt with escape
3455 sequences is redrawn correctly.
3457 3. New Features in Bash
3459 a. `bashbug' now accepts `--help' and `--version' options.
3461 b. There is a new `xpg_echo' option to `shopt' that controls the behavior
3462 of echo with respect to backslash-escaped characters at runtime.
3464 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3465 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-alpha1,
3466 and the previous version, bash-2.04-devel.
3470 a. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when performing substring
3473 b. Shared object configuration changes for: Solaris, OSF/1
3475 c. The POSIX_GLOB_LIBRARY code that uses the POSIX.2 globbing facilities
3476 for pathname expansion now understands GLOBIGNORE.
3478 d. The code that implements `eval' was changed to save the value of the
3479 current prompt, so an eval in a shell function called by the programmable
3480 completion code will not change the prompt to $PS2.
3482 e. Restored the undocumented NON_INTERACTIVE_LOGIN_SHELLS #define to
3483 config-top.h. If this is defined, all login shells will read the
3484 startup files, not just interactive and non-interactive started with
3485 the `--login' option.
3487 f. Fixed a bug that caused the expansion code to occasionally dump core if
3488 IFS contained characters > 128.
3490 g. Fixed a problem with the grammar so that a newline is not required
3491 after the `))' in the new-style arithmetic for statement; a semicolon
3492 may be used as expected.
3494 h. Variable indirection may now reference the shell's special variables.
3496 i. The $'...' and $"..." constructs are now added to the history correctly
3497 if they contain newlines and command-oriented history is enabled.
3499 j. It is now an error to try to assign a value to a function-local copy
3500 of a readonly shell variable (declared with the `local' builtin).
3502 2. Changes to Readline
3504 a. The history file code now uses O_BINARY mode when reading and writing
3505 the history file on cygwin32.
3507 3. New Features in Bash
3509 a. A new programmable completion facility, with two new builtin commands:
3510 complete and compgen.
3512 b. configure has a new option, `--enable-progcomp', to compile in the
3513 programmable completion features (enabled by default).
3515 c. `shopt' has a new option, `progcomp', to enable and disable programmable
3516 completion at runtime.
3518 d. Unsetting HOSTFILE now clears the list of hostnames used for completion.
3520 4. New Features in Readline
3522 a. A new variable, rl_gnu_readline_p, always 1. The intent is that an
3523 application can verify whether or not it is linked with the `real'
3524 readline library or some substitute.
3526 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3527 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-devel,
3528 and the previous version, bash-2.03-release.
3532 a. System-specific configuration and source changes for: Interix, Rhapsody
3534 b. Fixed a bug in execute_cmd.c that resulted in a compile-time error if
3535 JOB_CONTROL was not defined.
3537 c. An obscure race condition in the trap code was fixed.
3539 d. The string resulting from $'...' is now requoted to avoid any further
3542 e. The $'...' quoting syntax now allows backslash to escape a single quote,
3543 for ksh-93 compatibility.
3545 f. The $"..." quoting syntax now escapes backslashes and double quotes in
3546 the translated string when displaying them with the --dump-po-strings
3549 g. `echo -e' no longer converts \' to '.
3551 h. Fixes were made to the extended globbing code to handle embedded (...)
3554 i. Some improvements were made to the code that unsets `nodelay' mode on
3555 the file descriptor from which bash is reading input.
3557 j. Some changes were made to the replacement termcap library for better
3558 operation on MS-DOS.
3560 k. Some changes were made to the tilde expansion code to handle backslash
3561 as a pathname separator on MS-DOS.
3563 l. The source has been reorganized a little bit -- there is now an `include'
3564 subdirectory, and lib/posixheaders has been removed.
3566 m. Improvements were made to the `read' builtin so that it makes many
3567 fewer read(2) system calls.
3569 n. The expansion of $- will include `c' and `s' when those options are
3570 supplied at shell invocation.
3572 o. Several improvments were made to the completion code: variable completion
3573 now works better when there are unterminated expansions, command
3574 completion understands quotes better, and completion now works in certain
3575 unclosed $(... constructs.
3577 p. The arithmetic expansion code was fixed to not need the value of a
3578 variable being assigned a value (fixes the "ss=09; let ss=10" bug).
3580 q. Some changes were made to make exported environment creation faster.
3582 r. The html documentation will be installed into $(htmldir) if that variable
3583 has a value when `make install' is run.
3585 s. Fixed a bug that would cause the bashrc file to be sourced inappropriately
3586 when bash is started by sshd.
3588 t. The SSH_CLIENT environment variable is no longer auto-exported.
3590 u. A bug that caused redirections with (...) subshells to be performed in
3591 the wrong order was fixed.
3593 v. A bug that occasionally caused inappropriate expansion of assignment
3594 statements in compound array assignments was fixed.
3596 w. The code that parses the words in a compound array assignment was
3597 simplified considerably and should work better now.
3599 x. Fixes to the non-job-control code in nojobs.c to make it POSIX.2-compliant
3600 when a user attempts to retrieve the status of a terminated background
3603 y. Fixes to the `printf' builtin so that it doesn't try to expand all
3604 backslash escape sequences in the format string before parsing it for
3605 % format specifiers.
3607 2. Changes to Readline
3609 a. The history library tries to truncate the history file only if it is a
3612 b. A bug that caused _rl_dispatch to address negative array indices on
3613 systems with signed chars was fixed.
3615 c. rl-yank-nth-arg now leaves the history position the same as when it was
3618 d. Changes to the completion code to handle MS-DOS drive-letter:pathname
3621 e. Completion is now case-insensitive by default on MS-DOS.
3623 f. Fixes to the history file manipulation code for MS-DOS.
3625 g. Readline attempts to bind the arrow keys to appropriate defaults on MS-DOS.
3627 h. Some fixes were made to the redisplay code for better operation on MS-DOS.
3629 i. The quoted-insert code will now insert tty special chars like ^C.
3631 j. A bug was fixed that caused the display code to reference memory before
3632 the start of the prompt string.
3634 k. More support for __EMX__ (OS/2).
3636 l. A bug was fixed in readline's signal handling that could cause infinite
3637 recursion in signal handlers.
3639 m. A bug was fixed that caused the point to be less than zero when rl_forward
3640 was given a very large numeric argument.
3642 n. The vi-mode code now gets characters via the application-settable value
3643 of rl_getc_function rather than calling rl_getc directly.
3645 3. New Features in Bash
3647 a. The history builtin has a `-d offset' option to delete the history entry
3648 at position `offset'.
3650 b. The prompt expansion code has two new escape sequences: \j, the number of
3651 active jobs; and \l, the basename of the shell's tty device name.
3653 c. The `bind' builtin has a new `-x' option to bind key sequences to shell
3656 d. There is a new shell option, no_empty_command_completion, which, when
3657 enabled, disables command completion when TAB is typed on an empty line.
3659 e. The `help' builtin has a `-s' option to just print a builtin's usage
3662 f. There are several new arithmetic operators: id++, id-- (variable
3663 post-increment/decrement), ++id, --id (variabl pre-increment/decrement),
3664 expr1 , expr2 (comma operator).
3666 g. There is a new ksh-93 style arithmetic for command:
3667 for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done
3669 h. The `read' builtin has a number of new options:
3670 -t timeout only wait timeout seconds for input
3671 -n nchars only read nchars from input instead of a full line
3672 -d delim read until delim rather than newline
3673 -s don't echo input chars as they are read
3675 i. The redirection code now handles several filenames specially:
3676 /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, and /dev/stderr, whether or
3677 not they are present in the file system.
3679 j. The redirection code now recognizes pathnames of the form
3680 /dev/tcp/host/port and /dev/udp/host/port, and tries to open a socket
3681 of the appropriate type to the specified port on the specified host.
3683 k. The ksh-93 ${!prefix*} expansion, which expands to the names of all
3684 shell variables whose names start with prefix, has been implemented.
3686 l. There is a new dynamic variable, FUNCNAME, which expands to the name of
3687 a currently-executing function. Assignments to FUNCNAME have no effect.
3689 m. The GROUPS variable is no longer readonly; assignments to it are silently
3690 discarded. This means it can be unset.
3692 4. New Features in Readline
3694 a. Parentheses matching is now always compiled into readline, and enabled
3695 or disabled when the value of the `blink-matching-paren' variable is
3698 b. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_inputrc as the last-ditch inputrc filename.
3700 c. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_history as the default history file.
3702 d. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the point at the end of the
3703 line when the string to search for is empty, like
3704 {reverse,forward}-search-history.
3706 e. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the last history line found
3707 in the readline buffer if the second or subsequent search fails.
3709 f. New function for use by applications: rl_on_new_line_with_prompt, used
3710 when an application displays the prompt itself before calling readline().
3712 g. New variable for use by applications: rl_already_prompted. An application
3713 that displays the prompt itself before calling readline() must set this to
3716 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3717 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-release,
3718 and the previous version, bash-2.03-beta2.
3722 a. A file descriptor leak in the `fc' builtin was fixed.
3724 b. A bug was fixed in the `read' builtin that caused occasional spurious
3725 failures when using `read -e'.
3727 c. The version code needed to use the value of the cpp variable
3728 CONF_MACHTYPE rather than MACHTYPE.
3730 d. A new test was added to exercise the command printing and copying code.
3732 e. A bug was fixed that caused `time' to be recognized as a reserved word
3733 if it was the first pattern in a `case' statement pattern list.
3735 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3736 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-beta2,
3737 and the previous version, bash-2.03-beta1.
3741 a. Slight additions to support/shobj-conf, mostly for the benefit of AIX 4.2.
3743 b. config.{guess,sub} support added for the NEC SX4.
3745 c. Changed some of the cross-compiling sections of the configure macros in
3746 aclocal.m4 so that configure won't abort.
3748 d. Slight changes to how the HTML versions of the bash and readline manuals
3751 e. Fixed conditional command printing to avoid interpreting printf `%'-escapes
3754 f. Don't include the bash malloc on all variants of the alpha processor.
3756 g. Changes to configure to make --enable-profiling work on Solaris 2.x.
3758 h. Fixed a bug that manifested itself when shell functions were called
3759 between calls to `getopts'.
3761 i. Fixed pattern substitution so that a bare `#'as a pattern causes the
3762 replacement string to be prefixed to the search string, and a bare
3763 `%' causes the replacement string to be appended to the search string.
3765 j. Fixed a bug in the command execution code that caused child processes
3766 to occasionally have the wrong value for $!.
3768 2. Changes to Readline
3770 a. Added code to the history library to catch history substitutions using
3771 `&' without a previous history substitution or search having been
3774 3. New Features in Bash
3776 4. New Features in Readline
3778 a. New bindable variable: `isearch-terminators'.
3780 b. New bindable function: `forward-backward-delete-char' (unbound by default).
3782 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3783 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-beta1,
3784 and the previous version, bash-2.03-alpha.
3788 a. A change was made to the help text for `{...}' to make it clear that a
3789 semicolon is required before the closing brace.
3791 b. A fix was made to the `test' builtin so that syntax errors cause test
3792 to return an exit status > 1.
3794 c. Globbing is no longer performed on assignment statements that appear as
3795 arguments to `assignment builtins' such as `export'.
3797 d. System-specific configuration changes were made for: Rhapsody,
3798 AIX 4.2/gcc, BSD/OS 4.0.
3800 e. New loadable builtins: ln, unlink.
3802 f. Some fixes were made to the globbing code to handle extended glob patterns
3803 which immediately follow a `*'.
3805 g. A fix was made to the command printing code to ensure that redirections
3806 following compound commands have a space separating them from the rest
3809 h. The pathname canonicalization code was changed to produce fewer leading
3810 `//' sequences, since those are interpreted as network file system
3811 pathnames on some systems.
3813 i. A fix was made so that loops containing `eval' commands in commands passed
3814 to `bash -c' would not exit prematurely.
3816 j. Some changes were made to the job reaping code when the shell is not
3817 interactive, so the shell will retain exit statuses longer for examination
3820 k. A fix was made so that `jobs | command' works again.
3822 l. The erroneous compound array assignment var=((...)) is now a syntax error.
3824 m. A change was made to the dynamic loading code in `enable' to support
3827 n. A fix was made to the globbing code so that extended globbing patterns
3828 will correctly match `.' in a bracket expression.
3830 2. Changes to Readline
3832 a. A fix was made to the completion code in which a typo caused the wrong
3833 value to be passed to the function that computed the longest common
3834 prefix of the list of matches.
3836 b. The completion code now checks the value of rl_filename_completion_desired,
3837 which is set by application-supplied completion functions to indicate
3838 that filename completion is being performed, to decide whether or not to
3839 call an application-supplied `ignore completions' function.
3841 3. New Features in Bash
3843 a. A change was made to the startup file code so that any shell begun with
3844 the `--login' option, even non-interactive shells, will source the login
3845 shell startup files.
3847 4. New Features in Readline
3849 a. A new variable, rl_erase_empty_line, which, if set by an application using
3850 readline, will cause readline to erase, prompt and all, lines on which the
3851 only thing typed was a newline.
3853 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3854 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-alpha,
3855 and the previous version, bash-2.02.1-release.
3859 a. System-specific configuration changes were made for: Irix 6.x, Unixware 7.
3861 b. The texi2dvi and texi2html scripts were updated to the latest versions
3864 c. The configure tests that determine which native type is 32 bits were
3865 changed to not require a compiled program.
3867 d. Fixed a bug in shell_execve that could cause memory to be freed twice
3868 after a failed exec.
3870 e. The `printf' test uses `diff -a' if it's available to prevent confusion
3871 due to the non-ascii output.
3873 f. Shared object configuration is now performed by a shell script,
3874 support/shobj-conf, which generates values to be substituted into
3875 makefiles by configure.
3877 g. Some changes were made to `ulimit' to avoid the use of RLIM_INVALID as a
3880 h. Changes were made to `ulimit' to work around HPUX 9.x's peculiar
3881 handling of RLIMIT_FILESIZE.
3883 i. Some new loadable builtins were added: id, printenv, sync, whoami, push,
3884 mkdir. `pushd', `popd', and `dirs' can now be built as regular or
3885 loadable builtins from the same source file.
3887 j. Changes were made to `printf' to handle NUL bytes in the expanded format
3890 k. The various `make clean' Makefile targets now descend into lib/sh.
3892 l. The `type' builtin was changed to use the internal `getopt' so that things
3893 like `type -ap' work as expected.
3895 m. There is a new configuration option, --with-installed-readline, to link
3896 bash with a locally-installed version of readline. Only readline version
3897 4.0 and later releases can support this. Shared and static libraries
3898 are supported. The installed include files are used.
3900 n. There is a new autoconf macro used to find which basic type is 64 bits.
3902 o. Dynamic linking and loadable builtins should now work on SCO 3.2v5*,
3903 AIX 4.2 with gcc, Unixware 7, and many other systems using gcc, where
3904 the `-shared' options works correctly.
3906 p. A bug was fixed in the bash filename completion code that caused memory to
3907 be freed twice if a directory name containing an unset variable was
3908 completed and the -u option was set.
3910 q. The prompt expansion code now quotes the `$' in the `\$' expansion so it
3911 is not processed by subsequent parameter expansion.
3913 r. Fixed a parsing bug that caused a single or double quote after a `$$' to
3914 trigger ANSI C expansion or locale translation.
3916 s. Fixed a bug in the globbing code that caused quoted filenames containing
3917 no globbing characters to sometimes be incorrectly expanded.
3919 t. Changes to the default prompt strings if prompt string decoding is not
3920 compiled into the shell.
3922 u. Added `do', `then', `else', `{', and `(' to the list of keywords that may
3923 precede the `time' reserved word.
3925 v. The shell may now be cross-built for BeOS as well as cygwin32.
3927 w. The conditional command execution code now treats `=' the same as `=='
3928 for deciding when to perform pattern matching.
3930 x. The `-e' option no longer causes the shell to exit if a command exits
3931 with a non-zero status while running the startup files.
3933 y. The `printf' builtin no longer dumps core if a modifier is supplied in
3934 the format string without a conversion character (e.g. `%h').
3936 z. Array assignments of the form a=(...) no longer show up in the history
3939 aa. The parser was fixed to obey the POSIX.2 rules for finding the closing
3940 `}' in a ${...} expression.
3942 bb. The history file is now opened with mode 0600 rather than 0666, so bash
3943 no longer relies on the user's umask being set appropriately.
3945 cc. Setting LANG no longer causes LC_ALL to be assigned a value; bash now
3946 relies on proper behavior from the C library.
3948 dd. Minor changes were made to allow quoted variable expansions using
3949 ${...} to be completed correctly if there is no closing `"'.
3951 ee. Changes were made to builtins/Makefile.in so that configuring the shell
3952 with `--enable-profiling' works right and builtins/mkbuiltins is
3955 2. Changes to Readline
3957 a. The version number is now 4.0.
3959 b. There is no longer any #ifdef SHELL code in the source files.
3961 c. Some changes were made to the key binding code to fix memory leaks and
3962 better support Win32 systems.
3964 d. Fixed a silly typo in the paren matching code -- it's microseconds, not
3967 e. The readline library should be compilable by C++ compilers.
3969 f. The readline.h public header file now includes function prototypes for
3970 all readline functions, and some changes were made to fix errors in the
3971 source files uncovered by the use of prototypes.
3973 g. The maximum numeric argument is now clamped at 1000000.
3975 h. Fixes to rl_yank_last_arg to make it behave better.
3977 i. Fixed a bug in the display code that caused core dumps if the prompt
3978 string length exceeded 1024 characters.
3980 j. The menu completion code was fixed to properly insert a single completion
3981 if there is only one match.
3983 k. A bug was fixed that caused the display code to improperly display tabs
3986 3. New Features in Bash
3988 a. New `shopt' option, `restricted_shell', indicating whether or not the
3989 shell was started in restricted mode, for use in startup files.
3991 b. Filename generation is now performed on the words between ( and ) in
3992 array assignments (which it probably should have done all along).
3994 c. OLDPWD is now auto-exported, as POSIX.2 seems to require.
3996 d. ENV and BASH_ENV are read-only variables in a restricted shell.
3998 4. New Features in Readline
4000 a. Many changes to the signal handling:
4001 o Readline now catches SIGQUIT and cleans up the tty before returning;
4002 o A new variable, rl_catch_signals, is available to application writers
4003 to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its own
4004 signal handlers for SIGINT, SIGTERM, SIGQUIT, SIGALRM, SIGTSTP,
4005 SIGTTIN, and SIGTTOU;
4006 o A new variable, rl_catch_sigwinch, is available to application
4007 writers to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its
4008 own signal handler for SIGWINCH, which will chain to the calling
4009 applications's SIGWINCH handler, if one is installed;
4010 o There is a new function, rl_free_line_state, for application signal
4011 handlers to call to free up the state associated with the current
4012 line after receiving a signal;
4013 o There is a new function, rl_cleanup_after_signal, to clean up the
4014 display and terminal state after receiving a signal;
4015 o There is a new function, rl_reset_after_signal, to reinitialize the
4016 terminal and display state after an application signal handler
4017 returns and readline continues
4019 b. There is a new function, rl_resize_terminal, to reset readline's idea of
4020 the screen size after a SIGWINCH.
4022 c. New public functions: rl_save_prompt and rl_restore_prompt. These were
4023 previously private functions with a `_' prefix.
4025 d. New function hook: rl_pre_input_hook, called just before readline starts
4026 reading input, after initialization.
4028 e. New function hook: rl_display_matches_hook, called when readline would
4029 display the list of completion matches. The new function
4030 rl_display_match_list is what readline uses internally, and is available
4031 for use by application functions called via this hook.
4033 f. New bindable function, delete-char-or-list, like tcsh.
4035 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4036 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02.1-release,
4037 and the previous version, bash-2.02-release.
4041 a. A bug that caused the bash readline support to not compile unless aliases
4042 and csh-style history were configured into the shell was fixed.
4044 b. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when here documents contained
4045 more than 1000 characters.
4047 c. Fixed a bug that caused a CDPATH entry of "" to not be treated the same
4048 as the current directory when in POSIX mode.
4050 d. Fixed an alignment problem with the memory returned by the bash malloc,
4051 so returned memory is now 64-bit aligned.
4053 e. Fixed a bug that caused command substitutions executed within pipelines
4054 to put the terminal in the wrong process group.
4056 f. Fixes to support/config.sub for: alphas, SCO Open Server and Open Desktop,
4057 Unixware 2, and Unixware 7.
4059 g. Fixes to the pattern matching code to make it work correctly for eight-bit
4062 h. Fixed a problem that occasionally caused the shell to display the wrong
4063 value for the new working directory when changing to a directory found
4064 in $CDPATH when in physical mode.
4066 i. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when using conditional commands in
4069 j. Fixed a bug that caused the printf builtin to loop forever if the format
4070 string did not consume any of the arguments.
4072 k. Fixed a bug in the parameter expansion code that caused "$@" to be
4073 incorrectly split if $IFS did not contain a space character.
4075 l. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when completing hostnames if
4076 the number of matching hostnames was an exact multiple of 16.
4078 m. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to fork too early when a command
4079 such as `%2 &' was given.
4081 2. Changes to Readline
4083 a. Fixed a problem with redisplay that showed up when the prompt string was
4084 longer than the screen width and the prompt contained invisible characters.
4086 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4087 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-release,
4088 and the previous version, bash-2.02-beta2.
4092 a. A bug was fixed that caused the terminal process group to be set
4093 incorrectly when performing command substitution of builtins in a
4096 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4097 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-beta2,
4098 and the previous version, bash-2.02-beta1.
4102 a. Attempting to `wait' for stopped jobs now generates a warning message.
4104 b. Pipelines which exit due to SIGPIPE in non-interactive shells are now
4105 not reported if the shell is compiled -DDONT_REPORT_SIGPIPE.
4107 c. Some changes were made to builtins/psize.sh and support/bashbug.sh to
4108 attempt to avoid some /tmp file races and surreptitious file
4111 d. Fixed a bug that caused the shell not to compile if configured with
4112 dparen arithmetic but without aliases.
4114 e. Fixed a bug that caused the input stream to be switched when assigning
4115 empty arrays with `bash -c'.
4117 f. A bug was fixed in the readline expansion glue code that caused bash to
4118 dump core when expanding lines with an unclosed single quote.
4120 g. A fix was made to the `cd' builtin so that using a non-empty directory
4121 from $CDPATH results in an absolute pathname of the new current working
4122 directory to be displayed after the current directory is changed.
4124 h. Fixed a bug in the variable assignment code that caused the shell to
4125 dump core when referencing an unset variable with `set -u' enabled in
4126 an assignment statement preceding a command.
4128 i. Fixed a bug in the exit trap code that caused reserved words to not be
4129 recognized under certain circumstances.
4131 j. Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code so that quote
4132 removal is performed.
4134 k. The shell should now configure correctly on Apple Rhapsody systems.
4136 l. The `kill' builtin now prints a usage message if it is not passed any
4139 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4140 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-beta1,
4141 and the previous version, bash-2.02-alpha1.
4145 a. A few compilation bugs were fixed in the new extended globbing code.
4147 b. Executing arithmetic commands now sets the command name to `((' so
4148 error messages look right.
4150 c. Fixed some build problems with various configuration options.
4152 d. The `printf' builtin now aborts immediately if an illegal format
4153 character is encountered.
4155 e. The code that creates here-documents now behaves better if the file it's
4156 trying to create already exists for some reason.
4158 f. Fixed a problem with the extended globbing code that made patterns like
4159 `x+*' expand incorrectly.
4161 g. The prompt string expansion code no longer quotes tildes with backslashes.
4163 h. The bash getcwd() implementation in lib/sh/getcwd.c now behaves better in
4164 the presence of lstat(2) failures.
4166 i. Fixed a bug with strsub() that caused core dumps when executing `fc -s'.
4168 j. The mail checking code now ensures that it has a valid default mailpath.
4170 k. A bug was fixed that caused local variables to be unset inappropriately
4171 when sourcing a script from within another sourced script.
4173 l. A bug was fixed in the history saving code so that functions are saved
4174 in the history list correctly if `cmdhist' is enabled, but `lithist'
4177 m. A bug was fixed that caused printf overflows when displaying error
4180 n. It should be easier to build the loadble builtins in examples/loadables,
4181 though some manual editing of the generated Makefile is still required.
4183 o. The user's primary group is now always ${GROUPS[0]}.
4185 p. Some updates were made to support/config.guess from the GNU master copy.
4187 q. Some changes were made to the autoconf support for Solaris 2.6 large
4190 r. The `command' builtins now does the right thing when confstr(3) cannot
4191 find a value for _CS_PATH.
4193 s. Extended globbing expressions like `*.!(c)' are not history expanded if
4194 `extglob' is enabled.
4196 t. Using the `-P' option to `cd' will force the value that is assigned to
4197 PWD to not contain any symbolic links.
4199 2. Changes to Readline
4201 a. The code that prints completion listings now behaves better if one or
4202 more of the filenames contains non-printable characters.
4204 b. The time delay when showing matching parentheses is now 0.5 seconds.
4206 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4207 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-alpha1,
4208 and the previous version, bash-2.01.1-release.
4212 a. OS-specific configuration changes for: BSD/OS 3.x, Minix 2.x,
4213 Solaris 2.6, SINIX SVR4.
4215 b. Changes were made to the generated `info' files so that `install-info'
4218 c. PWD is now auto-exported.
4220 d. A fix was made to the pipeline code to make sure that the shell forks
4221 to execute simple commands consisting solely of assignment statements.
4223 e. Changes to the test suite for systems with 14-character filenames.
4225 f. The default sizes of some internal hash tables have been made smaller
4226 to reduce the shell's memory footprint.
4228 g. The `((...))' arithmetic command is now executed directly instead of
4229 being translated into `let "..."'.
4231 h. Fixes were made to the expansion code so that "$*", "$@", "${array[@]}",
4232 and "${array[@]}" expand correctly when IFS does not contain a space
4233 character, is unset, or is set to NULL.
4235 i. The indirect expansion code (${!var}) was changed so that the only
4236 valid values of `var' are variable names, positional parameters, `#',
4239 j. An arithmetic expression error in a $((...)) expansion now causes a
4240 non-interactive shell running in posix mode to exit.
4242 k. Compound array assignment now splits the words within the parentheses
4243 on shell metacharacters like the parser would before expansing them
4244 and performing the assignment. This is for compatibility with ksh-93.
4246 l. The internal shell backslash-quoting code (used in the output of `set'
4247 and completion) now quotes tildes if they appear at the start of the
4248 string or after a `=' or `:'.
4250 m. A couple of bugs with `shopt -o' were fixed.
4252 n. `bash +o' now displays the same output as `set +o' before starting an
4255 o. A bug that caused command substitution and the `eval' builtin to
4256 occasionally free memory twice when an error was encountered was fixed.
4258 p. The filename globbing code no longer requires read permission for a
4259 directory when the filename to be matched does not contain any globbing
4260 characters, as POSIX.2 specifies.
4262 q. A bug was fixed so that the job containing the last asynchronous
4263 process is not removed from the job table until a `wait' is executed
4264 for that process or another asynchronous process is started. This
4265 satisfies a POSIX.2 requirement.
4267 r. A `select' bug was fixed so that a non-numeric user response is treated
4268 the same as a numeric response that is out of range.
4270 s. The shell no longer parses the value of SHELLOPTS from the environment
4271 if it is restricted, running setuid, or running in `privileged mode'.
4273 t. Fixes were made to enable large file support on systems such as
4274 Solaris 2.6, where the size of a file may be larger than can be held
4277 u. The filename hashing code was fixed to not add `./' to the beginning of
4278 filenames which already begin with `./'.
4280 v. The configure script was changed so that the GNU termcap library is not
4281 compiled in if `prefer-curses' has been specified.
4283 w. HISTCONTROL and HISTIGNORE are no longer applied to the second and
4284 subsequent lines of a multi-line command.
4286 x. A fix was made to `disown' so that it does a better job of catching
4289 y. Non-interactive shells no longer report the status of processes terminated
4290 due to SIGINT, even if the standard output is a terminal.
4292 z. A bug that caused the output of `jobs' to have extra carriage returns
4295 aa. A bug that caused PIPESTATUS to not be set when builtins or shell
4296 functions were executed in the foreground was fixed.
4298 bb. Bash now attempts to detect when it is being run by sshd, and treats
4299 that case identically to being run by rshd.
4301 cc. A bug that caused `set -a' to export SHELLOPTS when one of the shell
4302 options was changed was fixed.
4304 dd. The `kill' builtin now disallows empty or missing process id arguments
4305 instead of treating them as identical to `0', which means the current
4308 ee. `var=value declare -x var' now behaves identically to
4309 `var=value export var'. Similarly for `var=value declare -r var' and
4310 `var=value readonly var'.
4312 ff. A few memory leaks were fixed.
4314 gg. `alias' and `unalias' now print error messages when passed an argument
4315 that is not an alias for printing or deletion, even when the shell is
4316 not interactive, as POSIX.2 specifies.
4318 hh. `alias' and `alias -p' now return a status of 0 when no aliases are
4319 defined, as POSIX.2 specifes.
4321 ii. `cd -' now prints the pathname of the new working directory if the shell
4324 jj. A fix was made so that the code that binds $PWD now copes with getcwd()
4327 kk. `unset' now checks whether or not a function name it's trying to unset
4328 is a valid shell identifier only when the shell is running in posix mode.
4330 ll. A change was made to the code that generates filenames for here documents
4331 to make them less prone to name collisions.
4333 mm. The parser was changed so that `time' is recognized as a reserved word
4334 only at the beginning of a pipeline.
4336 nn. The pathname canonicalization code was changed so that `//' is converted
4337 into `/', but all other pathnames beginning with `//' are left alone, as
4340 oo. The `logout' builtin will no longer exit a non-interactive non-login
4343 2. Changes to Readline
4345 a. Fixed a problem in the readline test program rltest.c that caused a core
4348 b. The code that handles parser directives in inputrc files now displays
4349 more error messages.
4351 c. The history expansion code was fixed so that the appearance of the
4352 history comment character at the beginning of a word inhibits history
4353 expansion for that word and the rest of the input line.
4355 3. New Features in Bash
4357 a. A new version of malloc, based on the older GNU malloc, that has many
4358 changes, is more page-based, is more conservative with memory usage,
4359 and does not `orphan' large blocks when they are freed.
4361 b. A new version of gmalloc, based on the old GLIBC malloc, with many
4362 changes and range checking included by default.
4364 c. A new implementation of fnmatch(3) that includes full POSIX.2 Basic
4365 Regular Expression matching, including character classes, collating
4366 symbols, equivalence classes, and support for case-insensitive pattern
4369 d. ksh-88 egrep-style extended pattern matching ([@+*?!](patlist)) has been
4370 implemented, controlled by a new `shopt' option, `extglob'.
4372 e. There is a new ksh-like `[[' compound command, which implements
4373 extended `test' functionality.
4375 f. There is a new `printf' builtin, implemented according to the POSIX.2
4378 g. There is a new feature for command substitution: $(< filename) now expands
4379 to the contents of `filename', with any trailing newlines removed
4380 (equivalent to $(cat filename)).
4382 h. There are new tilde prefixes which expand to directories from the
4385 i. There is a new `**' arithmetic operator to do exponentiation.
4387 j. There are new configuration options to control how bash is linked:
4388 `--enable-profiling', to allow bash to be profiled with gprof, and
4389 `--enable-static-link', to allow bash to be linked statically.
4391 k. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-cond-command', which
4392 controls whether or not the `[[' command is included. It is on by
4395 l. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-extended-glob', which
4396 controls whether or not the ksh extended globbing feature is included.
4397 It is enabled by default.
4399 m. There is a new configuration #define in config.h.top that, when enabled,
4400 will cause all login shells to source /etc/profile and one of the user-
4401 specific login shell startup files, whether or not the shell is
4404 n. There is a new invocation option, `--dump-po-strings', to dump
4405 a shell script's translatable strings ($"...") in GNU `po' format.
4407 o. There is a new `shopt' option, `nocaseglob', to enable case-insensitive
4408 pattern matching when globbing filenames and using the `case' construct.
4410 p. There is a new `shopt' option, `huponexit', which, when enabled, causes
4411 the shell to send SIGHUP to all jobs when an interactive login shell
4414 q. `bind' has a new `-u' option, which takes a readline function name as an
4415 argument and unbinds all key sequences bound to that function in a
4418 r. `disown' now has `-a' and `-r' options, to limit operation to all jobs
4419 and running jobs, respectively.
4421 s. The `shopt' `-p' option now causes output to be displayed in a reusable
4424 t. `test' has a new `-N' option, which returns true if the filename argument
4425 has been modified since it was last accessed.
4427 u. `umask' now has a `-p' option to print output in a reusable format.
4429 v. A new escape sequence, `\xNNN', has been added to the `echo -e' and $'...'
4430 translation code. It expands to the character whose ascii code is NNN
4433 w. The prompt string expansion code has a new `\r' escape sequence.
4435 x. The shell may now be cross-compiled for the CYGWIN32 environment on
4438 4. New Features in Readline
4440 a. There is now an option for `iterative' yank-last-arg handline, so a user
4441 can keep entering `M-.', yanking the last argument of successive history
4444 b. New variable, `print-completions-horizontally', which causes completion
4445 matches to be displayed across the screen (like `ls -x') rather than up
4446 and down the screen (like `ls').
4448 c. New variable, `completion-ignore-case', which causes filename completion
4449 and matching to be performed case-insensitively.
4451 d. There is a new bindable command, `magic-space', which causes history
4452 expansion to be performed on the current readline buffer and a space to
4453 be inserted into the result.
4455 e. There is a new bindable command, `menu-complete', which enables tcsh-like
4456 menu completion (successive executions of menu-complete insert a single
4457 completion match, cycling through the list of possible completions).
4459 f. There is a new bindable command, `paste-from-clipboard', for use on Win32
4460 systems, to insert the text from the Win32 clipboard into the editing
4463 g. The key sequence translation code now understands printf-style backslash
4464 escape sequences, including \NNN octal escapes. These escape sequences
4465 may be used in key sequence definitions or macro values.
4467 h. An `$include' inputrc file parser directive has been added.
4469 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4470 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01.1-release,
4471 and the previous version, bash-2.01-release.
4475 a. The select command was fixed to check the validity of the user's
4476 input more strenuously.
4478 b. A bug was fixed that prevented `time' from timing commands correctly
4479 when supplied as an argument to `bash -c'.
4481 c. A fix was made to the mail checking code to keep from adding the same
4482 mail file to the list of files to check multiple times when parsing
4485 d. Fixed an off-by-one error in the tilde expansion library.
4487 e. When using the compound array assignment syntax, the old value of
4488 the array is cleared before assigning the new value.
4490 f. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when a trap handler was reset
4491 to the default in the trap command associated with that signal.
4493 g. Fixed a bug in the locale code that occurred when assigning a value
4496 h. A change was made to the parser so that words of the form xxx=(...)
4497 are not considered compound assignment statements unless there are
4498 characters before the `='.
4500 i. A fix was made to the command tracing code to correctly quote each
4503 j. Some changes were made to the bash-specific autoconf tests to make them
4506 k. Completion of words with globbing characters now correctly quotes the
4509 l. The directory /var/spool/mail is now preferred to /usr/spool/mail when
4510 configure is deciding on the default mail directory.
4512 m. The brace completion code was fixed to not quote the `{' and `}'.
4514 n. Some fixes were made to make $RANDOM more random in subshells.
4516 o. System-specific changes were made to configure for: SVR4.2
4518 p. Changes were made so that completion of words containing globbing chars
4519 substitutes the result only if a single filename was matched.
4521 q. The window size is now recomputed after a job is stopped with SIGTSTP if
4522 the user has set `checkwinsize' with `shopt'.
4524 r. When doing substring expansion, out-of-range substring specifiers now
4525 cause nothing to be substituted rather than an expansion error.
4527 s. A fix was made so that you can no longer trap `SIGEXIT' or `SIGDEBUG' --
4528 only `EXIT' and `DEBUG' are accepted.
4530 t. The display of trapped signals now uses the signal number if signals
4531 for which bash does not know the name are trapped.
4533 u. A fix was made so that `bash -r' does not turn on restricted mode until
4534 after the startup files are executed.
4536 v. A bug was fixed that occasionally caused a core dump when a variable
4537 found in the temporary environment of export/declare/readonly had a
4540 w. A bug that occasionally caused unallocated memory to be passed to free()
4541 when doing arithmetic substitution was fixed.
4543 x. A bug that caused a buffer overrun when expanding a prompt string
4544 containing `\w' and ${#PWD} exceeded PATH_MAX was fixed.
4546 y. A problem with the completion code that occasionally caused it to
4547 refer to a character before the beginning of the readline line buffer
4550 z. A bug was fixed so that the `read' builtin restarts reads when
4551 interrupted by signals other than SIGINT.
4553 aa. Fixed a bug that caused a command to be freed twice when there was
4554 an evaluation error in the `eval' command.
4556 2. Changes to Readline
4558 a. Added a missing `extern' to a declaration in readline.h that kept
4559 readline from compiling cleanly on some systems.
4561 b. The history file is now opened with mode 0600 when it is written for
4564 c. Changes were made to the SIGWINCH handling code so that prompt redisplay
4567 d. ^G now interrupts incremental searches correctly.
4569 e. A bug that caused a core dump when the set of characters to be quoted
4570 when completing words was empty was fixed.
4572 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4573 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-release,
4574 and the previous version, bash-2.01-beta2.
4578 a. The `distclean' target should remove the `printenv' executable if it
4581 b. The test suite was changed slightly to ensure that the error messages
4582 are printed in English.
4584 c. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when a filename containing a
4585 `/' was passed to `hash' was fixed.
4587 d. Pathname canonicalization now leaves a leading `//' intact, as POSIX.1
4590 e. A memory leak when completing commands was fixed.
4592 f. A memory leak that occurred when checking the hash table for commands
4593 with relative paths was fixed.
4595 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4596 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-beta2,
4597 and the previous version, bash-2.01-beta1.
4601 a. The `ulimit' builtin translates RLIM_INFINITY to the hard limit only if
4602 the current (soft) limit is less than or equal to the hard limit.
4604 b. Fixed a bug that caused the bash emulation of strcasecmp to produce
4607 c. A bug that caused memory to be freed twice when a trap handler resets
4608 the trap more than once was fixed.
4610 d. A bug that caused machines where sizeof (pointer) > sizeof (int) to
4611 fail (and possibly dump core) when trying to unwind-protect a null
4614 e. The startup files should not be run with job control enabled. This fix
4615 allows SIGINT to once again interrupt startup file execution.
4617 f. Bash should not change the SIGPROF handler if it is set to something
4620 g. The completion code that provides bash-specific completions for readline
4621 now quotes characters that the readline code would treat as word break
4622 characters if they appear in a file name.
4624 h. The completion code now correctly quotes filenames containing a `!',
4625 even if the user attempted to use double quotes when attempting
4628 i. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when `disown' was called without
4629 arguments and there was no current job was fixed.
4631 j. A construct like $((foo);bar) is now processed as a command substitution
4632 rather than as a bad arithmetic substitution.
4634 k. A couple of bugs that caused `fc' to not obey the `cmdhist' and `lithist'
4635 shell options when editing and re-executing a series of commands were
4638 l. A fix was made to the grammar -- the list of commands between `do' and
4639 `done' in the body of a `for' command should be treated the same as a
4642 2. Changes to Readline
4644 a. A couple of bugs that caused the history search functions to attempt to
4645 free a NULL pointer were fixed.
4647 b. If the C library provides setlocale(3), readline does not need to look
4648 at various environment variables to decide whether or not to go into
4649 eight-bit mode automatically -- just check whether the current locale
4650 is not `C' or `POSIX'.
4652 c. If the filename completion function finds that a directory was not closed
4653 by a previous (interrupted) completion, it closes the directory with
4656 3. New Features in Bash
4658 a. New bindable readline commands: history-and-alias-expand-line and
4659 alias-expand-line. The code was always in there, there was just no
4662 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4663 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-beta1,
4664 and the previous version, bash-2.01-alpha1.
4668 a. Fixed a problem that could cause file descriptors used for process
4669 substitution to conflict with those used explicitly in redirections.
4671 b. Made it easier to regenerate configure if the user changes configure.in.
4673 c. ${GROUPS[0]} should always be the primary group, even on systems without
4676 d. Spelling correction is no longer enabled by default.
4678 e. Fixes to quoting problems in `bashbug'.
4680 f. OS-specific configuration changes were made for: Irix 6.
4682 g. OS-specific code changes were made for: QNX.
4684 h. A more meaningful message is now printed when the file in /tmp for a
4685 here document cannot be created.
4687 i. Many changes to the shell's variable initialization code to speed
4688 non-interactive startup.
4690 j. Changes to the non-job-control code so that it does not try to open
4693 k. The output of `set' and `export' is once again sorted, as POSIX wants.
4695 l. Fixed a problem caused by a recursive call reparsing the value of
4698 m. The tilde code no longer calls getenv() when it's compiled as part of
4699 the shell, which should eliminate problems on systems that cannot
4700 redefine getenv(), like the NeXT OS.
4702 n. Fixed a problem that caused `bash -o' or `bash +o' to not list all
4705 o. Fixed `ulimit' to convert RLIM_INFINITY to the appropriate hard limit
4706 only if the hard limit is greater than the current (soft) limit.
4708 p. Fixed a problem that arose when building bash in a different directory
4709 than the source and y.tab.[ch] were remade with something other than
4710 bison. This came up most often on NetBSD.
4712 q. Fixed a problem with completion -- it thought that `pwd`/[TAB] indicated
4713 an unfinished command completion (`/), which generated errors.
4715 r. The bash special tilde expansions (~-, ~+) are now attempted before
4716 calling the standard tilde expansion code, which should eliminate the
4717 problems people have been seeing with this on Solaris 2.5.1.
4719 s. Added support for <stdarg.h> to places where it was missing.
4721 t. Changed the code that reads the output of a command substitution to not
4722 go through stdio. This reduces the memory requirements and is faster.
4724 u. A number of changes to speed up export environment creation were made.
4726 v. A number of memory leaks were fixed as the result of running the test
4727 scripts through Purify.
4729 w. Fixed a bug that caused subshells forked to interpret executable
4730 scripts without a leading `#!' to not reinitialize the values of
4733 2. Changes to Readline
4735 a. History library has less `#ifdef SHELL' code -- abstracted stuff out
4736 into application-specific function hooks.
4738 b. Readline no longer calls getenv() if it's compiled as part of the shell,
4739 which should eliminate problems on systems that cannot redefine getenv(),
4742 c. Fixed translation of ESC when `untranslating' macro values.
4744 d. The region kill operation now fixes the mark if it ends up beyond the
4745 boundaries of the line after the region is deleted.
4747 3. New Features in Bash
4749 a. New argument for `configure': `--with-curses'. This can be used to
4750 override the selection of the termcap library on systems where it is
4753 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4754 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-alpha1,
4755 and the previous version, bash-2.0-release.
4759 a. System-specific configuration changes for: FreeBSD, SunOS4, Irix,
4760 MachTen, QNX 4.2, Harris Night Hawk, SunOS5.
4762 b. System-specific code changes were made for: Linux, 4.4 BSD, QNX 4.2,
4765 c. A bug that caused the exec builtin to fail because the full pathname of
4766 the command could not be found was fixed.
4768 d. The code that performs output redirections is now more resistant to
4769 race conditions and possible security exploits.
4771 e. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when performing pattern
4772 substitutions on variable values was fixed.
4774 f. More hosts are now recognized by the auto-configuration mechanism
4775 (OpenBSD, QNX, others).
4777 g. Assignments to read-only variables that attempt to convert them to
4778 arrays are now errors.
4780 h. A bug that caused shell scripts using array assignments in POSIX mode
4781 to exit after the assignment was performed was fixed.
4783 i. The substring expansion code is now more careful about running off the
4784 ends of the expanded variable value.
4786 j. A bug that caused completion to fail if a backquoted command substitution
4787 appeared anywhere on the line was fixed.
4789 k. The `source' builtin no longer turns off history if it has been enabled
4790 in a non-interactive shell.
4792 l. A bug that caused the shell to crash when `disown' was given a pid
4793 instead of a job number was fixed.
4795 m. The `cd' spelling correction code will not try to change to `.' if no
4796 directory entries match a single-character argument.
4798 n. A bad variable name supplied to `declare', `export', or `readonly' no
4799 longer causes a non-interactive shell in POSIX mode to exit.
4801 o. Some fixes were made to the test suite to handle peculiarities of
4802 various Unix versions.
4804 p. The bash completion code now quotes characters that readline would
4805 treat as word breaks for completion but are not shell metacharacters.
4807 q. Bad options supplied at invocation now cause a usage message to be
4810 r. Fixes were made to the code that handles DEBUG traps so that the trap
4811 string is not freed inappropriately.
4813 s. Some changes were made to the bash debugger in examples/bashdb -- it
4814 should be closer to working now.
4816 t. A problem that caused the default filename used for mail checking to be
4819 u. A fix was made to the `echo' builtin so that NUL characters printed with
4820 `echo -e' do not cause the output to be truncated.
4822 v. A fix was made to the job control code so that the shell behaves better
4823 when monitor mode is enabled in a non-interactive shell.
4825 w. Bash no longer catches all of the terminating signals in a non-
4826 interactive shell until a trap is set on EXIT, which should result in
4829 x. A fix was made to the command timing code so that `time' can be used in
4832 y. A fix was made to the parser so that `((cmd); cmd2)' is now parsed as
4833 a nested subshell rather than strictly as an (erroneous) arithmetic
4836 z. A fix was made to the globbing code so that it correctly matches quoted
4837 filenames beginning with a `.'.
4839 aa. A bug in `fc' that caused some multi-line commands to not be stored as
4840 one command in the history when they were re-executed after editing
4841 (with `fc -e') was fixed.
4843 bb. The `ulimit' builtin now attempts to catch some classes of integer
4846 cc. The command-oriented-history code no longer attempts to add `;'
4847 inappropriately when a newline appears while reading a $(...) command
4850 dd. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when `help --' was executed
4853 ee. A bug that caused the shell to crash when an unset variable appeared
4854 in the body of a here document after `set -u' had been executed was
4857 ff. Implicit input redirections from /dev/null for asynchronous commands
4858 are now handled better.
4860 gg. A bug that caused the shell to fail to compile when configured with
4861 `--disable-readline' was fixed.
4863 hh. The globbing code should now be interruptible.
4865 ii. Bash now notices when the `kill' builtin is used to send SIGCONT to a
4866 stopped job and adjusts the data structures accordingly, as if `bg' had
4867 been executed instead.
4869 jj. A bug that caused the shell to crash when mixing calls to `getopts'
4870 and `shift' on the same set of positional parameters was fixed.
4872 kk. The command printing code now preserves the `-p' flag to `time'.
4874 ll. The command printing code now handles here documents better when there
4875 are other redirections associated with the command.
4877 mm. The special glibc environment variable (NNN_GNU_nonoption_argv_flags_)
4878 is no longer placed into the environment of executed commands -- users
4879 of glibc had too many problems with it.
4881 nn. Reorganized the code that generates signames.h. The signal_names list
4882 is now more complete but may be slightly different (SIGABRT is favored
4883 over SIGIOT, for example). The preferred signal names are those
4884 listed in the POSIX.2 standard.
4886 oo. `bashbug' now uses a filename shorter than 14 characters for its
4887 temporary file, and asks for confirmation before sending the bug
4890 pp. A bug that caused TAB completion in vi editing mode to not be turned
4891 off when `set -o posix' was executed or back on when `set +o posix'
4892 was executed was fixed.
4894 qq. A bug in the brace expansion code that caused brace expansions appearing
4895 in new-style $(...) command substitutions to be inappropriately expanded
4898 rr. A bug in the readline hook shell-expand-line that could cause memory to
4899 be inappropriately freed was fixed.
4901 ss. A bug that caused some arithmetic expressions containing `&&' and `||'
4902 to be parsed with the wrong precedence has been fixed.
4904 tt. References to unbound variables after `set -u' has been executed now
4905 cause the shell to exit immediately, as they should.
4907 uu. A bug that caused the shell to exit inappropriately when `set -e' had
4908 been executed and a command's return status was being inverted with the
4909 `!' reserved word was fixed.
4911 vv. A bug that could occasionally cause the shell to crash with a
4912 divide-by-zero error when timing a command was fixed.
4914 ww. A bug that caused parameter pattern substitution to leave stray
4915 backslashes in the replacement string when the expression is in
4916 double quotes was fixed.
4918 xx. The `break' and `continue' builtins now break out of all loops when an
4919 invalid count argument is supplied.
4921 yy. Fixed a bug that caused PATH to be set to the empty string if
4922 `command -p' is executed with PATH unset.
4924 zz. Fixed `kill -l signum' to print the signal name without the `SIG' prefix,
4927 aaa. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash while setting $SHELLOPTS
4928 if there were no shell options set.
4930 bbb. Fixed `export -p' and `readonly -p' so that when the shell is in POSIX
4931 mode, their output is as POSIX.2 specifies.
4933 ccc. Fixed a bug in `readonly' so that `readonly -a avar=(...)' actually
4934 creates an array variable.
4936 ddd. Fixed a bug that prevented `time' from correctly timing background
4939 2. Changes to Readline
4941 a. A bug that caused an extra newline to be printed when the cursor was on
4942 an otherwise empty line was fixed.
4944 b. An instance of memory being used after it was freed was corrected.
4946 c. The redisplay code now works when the prompt is longer than the screen
4949 d. `dump-macros' is now a bindable name, as it should have been all along.
4951 e. Non-printable characters are now expanded when displaying macros and
4954 f. The `dump-variables' and `dump-macros' commands now output a leading
4955 newline if they're called as the result of a key sequence, rather
4956 than directly by an application.
4958 3. New Features in Bash
4960 a. There is a new builtin array variable: GROUPS, the set of groups to which
4961 the user belongs. This is used by the test suite.
4963 4. New Features in Readline
4965 a. If a key sequence bound to `universal-argument' is read while reading a
4966 numeric argument started with `universal-argument', it terminates the
4967 argument but is otherwise ignored. This provides a way to insert multiple
4968 instances of a digit string, and is how GNU emacs does it.
4970 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4971 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-release,
4972 and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta3.
4976 a. Fix to the `getopts' builtin so that it does the right thing when a
4977 required option argument is not present.
4979 b. The completion code now updates the common prefix of matched names
4980 after FIGNORE processing is done, since any names that were removed
4981 may have changed the common prefix.
4983 c. Fixed a bug that made messages in MAILPATH entries not work correctly.
4985 d. Fixed a serious documentation error in the description of the new
4986 ${parameter:offset[:length]} expansion.
4988 e. Fixes to make parameter substring expansion ({$param:offset[:length]})
4989 work when within double quotes.
4991 f. Fixes to make ^A (CTLESC) survive an unquoted expansion of positional
4994 g. Corrected a misspelling of `unlimited' in the output of `ulimit'.
4996 h. Fixed a bug that caused executable scripts without a leading `#!' to
4997 occasionally pick up the wrong set of positional parameters.
4999 i. Linux systems now have a working `ulimit -v', using RLIMIT_AS.
5001 j. Updated config.guess so that many more machine types are recognized.
5003 k. Fixed a bug with backslash-quoted slashes in the ${param/pat[/sub]}
5006 l. If the shell is named `-su', and `-c command' is supplied, read and
5007 execute the login shell startup files even though the shell is not
5008 interactive. This is to support the `-' option to `su'.
5010 m. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when the DEBUG trap was ignored
5011 with `trap "" DEBUG' and a shell function was subsequently executed.
5013 n. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps in the read builtin when IFS was
5014 set to the null string and the input had leading whitespace.
5016 2. Changes to Readline
5018 a. Fixed a bug that caused a numeric argument of 1024 to be ignored when
5021 b. Fixed the display code so that the numeric argument is displayed as it's
5024 c. Fixed the numeric argument reading code so that `M-- command' is
5025 equivalent to `M--1 command', as the prompt implies.
5027 3. New Features in Bash
5029 a. `ulimit' now sets both hard and soft limits and reports the soft limit
5030 by default (when neither -H nor -S is specified). This is compatible
5031 with versions of sh and ksh that implement `ulimit'.
5033 b. Integer constants have been extended to base 64.
5035 4. New Features in Readline
5037 a. The `home' and `end' keys are now bound to beginning-of-line and
5038 end-of-line, respectively, if the corresponding termcap capabilities
5041 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5042 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta3,
5043 and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta2.
5047 a. System-specific changes for: AIX 4.2, SCO 3.2v[45], HP-UX.
5049 b. When in POSIX mode, variable assignments preceding a special builtin
5050 persist in the shell environment after the builtin completes.
5052 c. Changed all calls to getwd() to getcwd(). Improved check for systems
5053 where the libc getcwd() calls popen(), since that breaks on some
5054 systems when job control is being used.
5056 d. Fixed a bug that caused seg faults when executing scripts with the
5057 execute bit set but without a leading `#!'.
5059 e. The environment passed to executed commands is never sorted.
5061 f. A bug was fixed in the code that expands ${name[@]} to the number of
5062 elements in an array variable.
5064 g. A bug was fixed in the array compound assignment code ( A=( ... ) ).
5066 h. Window size changes now correctly propagate down to readline if
5067 the shopt `checkwinsize' option is enabled.
5069 i. A fix was made in the code that expands to the length of a variable
5072 j. A fix was made to the command builtin so that it did not turn on the
5073 `no fork' flag inappropriately.
5075 k. A fix was made to make `set -n' work more reliably.
5077 l. A fix was made to the job control initialization code so that the
5078 terminal process group is set to the shell's process group if the
5079 shell changes its own process group.
5081 2. Changes to Readline
5083 a. System-specific changes for: SCO 3.2v[45].
5085 b. The behavior of the vi-mode `.' when redoing an `i' command was changed
5086 to insert the text previously inserted by the `i' command rather than
5087 simply entering insert mode.
5089 3. New features in Bash
5091 a. There is a new version of the autoload function package, in
5092 examples/functions/autoload.v2, that uses arrays and provides more
5095 b. Support for LC_COLLATE and locale-specific sorting of the results of
5096 pathname expansion if strcoll() is available.
5098 4. New Features in Readline
5100 a. Support for locale-specific sorting of completion possibilities if
5101 strcoll() is available.
5103 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5104 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta2,
5105 and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta1.
5109 a. `pushd -' is once again equivalent to `pushd $OLDPWD'.
5111 b. OS-specific changes for: SCO 3.2v[45].
5113 c. A change was made to the fix for the recently-reported security hole
5114 when reading characters with octal value 255 to make it work better on
5115 systems with restartable system calls when not using readline.
5117 d. Some changes were made to the test suite so that it works if you
5118 configure bash with --enable-usg-echo-default.
5120 e. A fix was made to the parsing of conditional arithmetic expressions.
5122 f. Illegal arithmetic bases now cause an arithmetic evaluation error rather
5123 than being silently reset.
5125 g. Multiple arithmetic bases now cause an arithmetic evaluation error
5126 instead of being ignored.
5128 h. A fix was made to the evaluation of ${param?word} to conform to POSIX.2.
5130 i. A bug that sometimes caused array indices to be evaluated twice (which
5131 would cause errors when they contained assignment statements) was fixed.
5133 j. `ulimit' was rewritten to avoid problems with getrlimit(2) returning
5134 unsigned values and to simplify the code.
5136 k. A bug in the command-oriented-history code that caused it to sometimes
5137 put semicolons after right parens inappropriately was fixed.
5139 l. The values inserted into the prompt by the \w and \W escape sequences
5140 are now quoted to prevent further expansion.
5142 m. An interactive shell invoked as `sh' now reads and executes commands
5143 from the file named by $ENV when it starts up. If it's a login shell,
5144 it does this after reading /etc/profile and ~/.profile.
5146 n. The file named by $ENV is never read by non-interactive shells.
5148 2. Changes to Readline
5150 a. A few changes were made to hide some macros and functions that should not
5153 b. An off-by-one error that caused seg faults in the history expansion code
5156 3. New Features in Bash
5158 a. The ksh-style ((...)) arithmetic command was implemented. It is exactly
5159 identical to let "...". This is controlled by a new option to configure,
5160 `--enable-dparen-arithmetic', which is on by default.
5162 b. There is a new #define available in config.h.top: SYS_BASH_LOGOUT. If
5163 defined to a filename, bash reads and executes commands from that file
5164 when a login shell exits. It's commented out by default.
5166 c. `ulimit' has a `-l' option that reports the maximum amount of data that
5167 may be locked into memory on 4.4BSD-based systems.
5169 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5170 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta1,
5171 and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha4.
5175 a. A bug that sometimes caused traps to be ignored on signals the
5176 shell treats specially was fixed.
5178 b. The internationalization code was changed to track the values of
5179 LC_* variables and call setlocale() as appropriate. The TEXTDOMAIN
5180 and TEXTDOMAINDIR variables are also tracked; changes cause calls
5181 to textdomain() and bindtextdomain(), if available.
5183 c. A bug was fixed that sometimes caused double-quoted strings to be
5186 d. Changes were made so that the siglist code compiles correctly on
5189 e. Added `:' to the set of characters that cause word breaks for the
5190 completion code so that pathnames in assignments to $PATH can be
5193 f. The `select' command was fixed to print $PS3 to stderr.
5195 g. Fixed an error in the manual page section describing the effect that
5196 setting and unsetting GLOBIGNORE has on the setting of the `dotglob'
5199 h. The time conversion code now uses CLK_TCK rather than CLOCKS_PER_SEC
5200 on systems without gettimeofday() and resources.
5202 i. The getopt static variables are now initialized each time a subshell
5203 is started, so subshells using `getopts' work right.
5205 j. A sign-extension bug that caused a possible security hole was fixed.
5207 k. The parser now reads characters between backquotes within a double-
5208 quoted string as a single word, so double quotes in the backquoted
5209 string don't terminate the enclosing double-quoted string.
5211 l. A bug that caused `^O' to work incorrectly when typed as the first
5212 thing to an interactive shell was fixed.
5214 m. A rarely-exercised off-by-one error in the code that quotes variable
5217 n. Some memory and file descriptor leaks encountered when running a
5218 shell script that is executable but does not have a leading `#!'
5221 2. Changes to Readline
5223 a. A bug that sometimes caused incorrect results when trying to read
5224 typeahead on systems without FIONREAD was fixed.
5226 3. New Features in Bash
5228 a. The command timing code now uses the value of the TIMEFORMAT variable
5229 to format and display timing statistics.
5231 b. The `time' reserved word now accepts a `-p' option to force the
5232 POSIX.2 output format.
5234 c. There are a couple of new and updated scripts to convert csh startup
5235 files to bash format.
5237 d. There is a new builtin array variable: BASH_VERSINFO. The various
5238 members hold the parts of the version information in BASH_VERSION,
5239 plus the value of MACHTYPE.
5241 4. New Features in Readline
5243 a. Setting LANG to `en_US.ISO8859-1' now causes readline to enter
5246 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5247 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha4,
5248 and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha3.
5252 a. There is better detection of rsh connections on Solaris 2.
5254 b. Assignments to read-only variables preceding a command name are now
5255 variable assignment errors. Variable assignment errors cause
5256 non-interactive shells running in posix mode to exit.
5258 c. The word tokenizer was rewritten to handle nested quotes and pairs
5259 ('', "", ``, ${...}, $(...), $[...], $'...', $"...", <(...), >(...))
5260 correctly. Some of the parameter expansion code was updated as a
5263 d. A fix was made to `test' when given three arguments so that a binary
5264 operator is checked for first, before checking that the first argument
5267 e. 2''>/dev/null is no longer equivalent to 2>/dev/null.
5269 f. Parser error messages were regularized, and in most cases the name of
5270 the shell script being read by a non-interactive shell is not printed
5273 g. A fix was made to the completion code so that it no longer removes the
5274 text the user typed in some cases.
5276 h. The special glibc `getopt' environment variable is no longer put into
5277 the environment on machines with small values of ARG_MAX.
5279 i. The expansion of ${...} now follows the POSIX.2 rules for finding the
5282 j. The shell no longer displays spurious status messages for background
5283 jobs in shell scripts that complete successfully when the script is
5284 run from a terminal.
5286 k. `shopt -o' now correctly updates $SHELLOPTS.
5288 l. A bug that caused the $PATH searching code to return a non-executable
5289 file even when an executable file with the same name appeared later in
5292 m. The shell now does tilde expansions on unquoted `:~' in assignment
5293 statements when not in posix mode.
5295 n. Variable assignment errors when a command consists only of assignments
5296 now cause non-interactive shells to exit when in posix mode.
5298 o. If the variable in a `for' or `select' command is read-only, or not a
5299 legal shell identifier, a variable assignment error occurs.
5301 p. `test' now handles `-a' and `-o' as binary operators when three arguments
5302 are supplied, and correctly parses `( word )' as equivalent to `word'.
5304 q. `test' was fixed so that file names of the form /dev/fd/NN mean the same
5305 thing on all systems, even Linux.
5307 r. Fixed a bug in the globbing code that caused patterns with multiple
5308 consecutive `*'s to not be matched correctly.
5310 s. Fixed a bug that caused $PS2 to not be printed when an interactive shell
5311 not using readline is reading a here document.
5313 t. Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to be performed inappropriately
5314 when a single-quoted string spanned more than one line.
5316 u. `getopts' now checks that the variable name passed by the user as the
5317 second argument is a legal shell identifier and that the variable is
5320 v. Fixed `getopts' to obey POSIX.2 rules for setting $OPTIND when it
5321 encounters an error.
5323 w. Fixed `set' to display variable values in a form that can be re-read.
5325 x. Fixed a bug in the code that keeps track of whether or not local variables
5326 have been declared at the current level of function nesting.
5328 y. Non-interactive shells in posix mode now exit if the name in a function
5329 declaration is not a legal identifier.
5331 z. The job control code now ignores stopped children when the shell is not
5334 aa. The `cd' builtin no longer attempts spelling correction on the directory
5335 name if the shell is not interactive, regardless of the setting of the
5338 bb. Some OS-specific changes were made for SCO 3.2v[45] and AIX 4.2.
5340 cc. `time' now prints its output to stderr, as POSIX.2 specifies.
5342 2. Fixes to Readline
5344 a. After printing possible completions, all lines of a multi-line prompt
5347 b. Some changes were made to the terminal handling code in rltty.c to
5348 work around AIX 4.2 bugs.
5350 3. New Features in Bash
5352 a. There is a new loadable builtin: sprintf, with calling syntax
5353 sprintf var format [args]
5354 This provides an easy way to simulate ksh left- and right-justified
5357 b. The expansions of \h and \H in prompt strings were swapped. \h now
5358 expands to the hostname up to the first `.', as in bash-1.14.
5360 4. New Features in Readline
5362 a. The bash-1.14 behavior when ^M is typed while doing an incremental
5363 search was restored. ^J may now be used to terminate the search without
5366 b. There is a new bindable variable: disable-completion. This inhibits
5367 word completion and causes the completion character to be inserted as
5368 if it had been bound to self-insert.
5370 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5371 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha3,
5372 and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha2.
5374 There is now a file `COMPAT' included in the distribution that lists the
5375 user-visible incompatibilities between 1.14 and 2.0.
5379 a. Some work was done so that word splitting of the rhs of assignment
5380 statements conforms more closely to historical practice.
5382 b. A couple of errant memory frees were fixed.
5384 c. A fix was made to the test builtin so it recognizes `<' and `>' as
5387 d. The GNU malloc in lib/malloc/malloc.c now scrambles memory as it's
5388 allocated and freed. This is to catch callers that refer to freed
5389 memory or assume something about newly-allocated memory.
5391 e. Fixed a problem with conversion to 12-hour time in the prompt
5394 f. Fixed a problem with configure's argument parsing order. Now you can
5395 correctly turn on specific options after using --enable-minimal-config.
5397 g. The configure script now automatically disables the use of GNU malloc
5398 on systems where it's appropriate (better than having people read the
5399 NOTES file and do it manually).
5401 h. There are new prompt expansions (\v and \V) to insert version information
5402 into the prompt strings.
5404 i. The default prompt string now includes the version number.
5406 j. Most of the builtins that take no options were changed to use the
5407 internal getopt so they can produce proper error messages for -?
5408 and incorrect options.
5410 k. Some system-specific changes were made for SVR4.2 and Solaris 2.5.
5412 l. Bash now uses PATH_MAX instead of MAXPATHLEN and NAME_MAX instead of
5415 m. A couple of problems caused by uninitialized variables were fixed.
5417 n. There are a number of new loadable builtin examples: logname, basename,
5418 dirname, tty, pathchk, tee, head, and rmdir. All of these conform to
5421 o. Bash now notices changes in TZ and calls tzset() if present, so
5422 changing TZ will alter the time printed by prompt expansions.
5424 p. The source was reorganized a bit so I don't have to wait so long for
5425 some files to compile, and to facilitate the creation of a `shell
5426 library' at some future point.
5428 q. Bash no longer turns off job control if called as `sh', since the
5429 POSIX.2 spec includes job control as a standard feature.
5431 r. `bash -o posix' now works as intended.
5433 s. Fixed a problem with the completion code: when completing a filename
5434 that contained globbing characters, if show-all-if-ambiguous was set,
5435 the completion code would remove the user's text.
5437 t. Fixed ulimit so that (hopefully) the full range of limits is available
5440 u. A new `shopt' option (`hostcomplete') enables and disables hostname
5443 v. The shell no longer attempts to save the history on an abort(),
5444 which is usually called by programming_error().
5446 w. The `-s' option to `fc' was changed to echo the command to be executed
5447 to stderr instead of stdout.
5449 x. If the editor invoked by `fc -e' exits with a non-zero status, no
5450 commands are executed.
5452 y. Fixed a bug that made the shopt `histverify' option work incorrectly.
5454 z. There is a new variable `MACHTYPE' whose value is the GNU-style
5455 `cpu-company-system' system description as set by configure. (The
5456 values of MACHTYPE and HOSTTYPE should really be swapped.)
5458 aa. The `ulimit' builtin now allows the maximum virtual memory size to be
5459 set via setrlimit(2) if RLIMIT_VMEM is defined.
5461 bb. `bash -nc 'command'' no longer runs `command'.
5463 2. Changes to Readline
5465 a. Fixed a typo in the code that checked for FIONREAD in input.c.
5467 b. Fixed a bug in the code that outputs keybindings, so things like C-\
5468 are quoted properly.
5470 c. Fixed a bug in the inputrc file parsing code to handle the problems
5471 caused by inputrc files created from the output of `bind -p' in
5472 previous versions of bash. The problem was due to the bug fixed
5475 d. Readline no longer turns off the terminal's meta key, and turns it on
5476 once the first time it's called.
5478 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5479 This file documents the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha2,
5480 and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha.
5484 a. The shell no longer thinks directories are executable.
5486 b. `disown' has a new option, `h', which inhibits the resending of SIGHUP
5487 but does not remove the job from the jobs table.
5489 c. The varargs functions in error.c now use ANSI-C `stdarg' if available.
5491 d. The build process now treats the `build version' in .build as local to
5492 the build directory, so different versions built from the same source
5493 tree have different `build versions'.
5495 e. Some problems with the grammar have been fixed. (It used `list' in a few
5496 productions where `compound_list' was needed. A `list' must be terminated
5497 with a newline or semicolon; a `compound_list' need not be.)
5499 f. A fix was made to keep `wait' from hanging when waiting for all background
5502 g. `bash --help' now writes its output to stdout, like the GNU Coding Standards
5503 specify, and includes the machine type (the value of MACHTYPE).
5505 h. `bash --version' now prints more information and exits successfully, like
5506 the GNU Coding Standards specify.
5508 i. The output of `time' and `times' now prints fractional seconds with three
5509 places after the decimal point.
5511 j. A bug that caused process substitutions to screw up the pipeline printed
5512 by `jobs' was fixed.
5514 k. Fixes were made to the code that implements $'...' and $"..." so they
5517 l. The process substitution code now opens named pipes for reading with
5518 O_NONBLOCK to avoid hanging.
5520 m. Fixes were made to the trap code so the shell cleans up correctly if the
5521 trap command contains a `return' and we're executing a function or
5522 sourcing a script with `.'.
5524 n. Fixes to doc/Makefile.in so that it doesn't try to remake all of the
5525 documentation (ps, dvi, etc.) on a `make install'.
5527 o. Fixed an auto-increment error that caused bash -c args to sometimes dump
5530 p. Fixed a bug that caused $HISTIGNORE to fail when the history line
5531 contained globbing characters.
5533 2. Changes to Readline
5535 a. There is a new string variable, rl_library_version, available for use by
5536 applications. The current value is "2.1".
5538 b. A bug encountered when expand-tilde was enabled and file completion was
5539 attempted on a word beginning with `~/' was fixed.
5541 c. A slight change was made to the incremental search termination behavior.
5542 ESC still terminates the search, but if input is pending or arrives
5543 within 0.1 seconds (on systems with select(2)), it is used as a prefix
5544 character. This is intented to allow users to terminate searches with
5545 the arrow keys and get the behavior they expect.