1 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-rc1,
2 and the previous version, bash-4.0-beta2.
6 a. Fixed a bug that caused parsing errors when a $()-style command
7 substitution was follwed immediately by a quoted newline.
9 b. Fixed a bug that caused extended shell globbing patterns beginning with
10 `*(' to not work when used with pattern substitution word expansions.
12 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-beta2,
14 and the previous version, bash-4.0-beta.
18 a. Fixed a bug that caused failed word expansions to set $? but not
21 b. Changed filename completion to quote the tilde in a filename with a
22 leading tilde that exists in the current directory.
24 c. Fixed a bug that caused a file descriptor leak when performing
25 redirections attached to a compound command.
27 d. Fixed a bug that caused expansions of $@ and $* to not exit the shell if
28 the -u option was enabled and there were no posititional parameters.
30 e. Fixed a bug that resulted in bash not terminating immediately if a
31 terminating signal was received while performing output.
33 f. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash after creating 256 process
34 substitutions during word completion.
36 2. Changes to Readline
38 a. Fixed a bug that caused redisplay errors when using prompts with invisible
39 characters and numeric arguments to a command in a multibyte locale.
41 b. Fixed a bug that caused redisplay errors when using prompts with invisible
42 characters spanning more than two physical screen lines.
44 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
45 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-beta,
46 and the previous version, bash-4.0-beta.
50 a. Fixed a typo that caused a variable to be used before initialization
51 while parsing Posix-style command substitutions.
53 b. Fixed a bug that caused stray ^? when the expansion of a parameter used
54 as part of a pattern removal expansion is empty, but part of a non-
57 c. Fixed a bug that could cause strings not converted to numbers by strtol
58 to be treated as if the conversion had been successful.
60 d. The `return' builtin now accepts no options and requires a `--' before
61 a negative return value, as Posix requires.
63 e. Fixed a bug that caused local variables to be created with the empty
64 string for a value rather than no value.
66 f. Changed behavior so the shell now acts as if it received an interrupt
67 when a pipeline is killed by SIGINT while executing a list.
69 g. Fixed a bug that caused `declare var' and `typeset var' to initialize
70 `var' to the empty string.
72 h. Changed `bind' builtin to print a warning but proceed if invoked when
73 line editing is not active.
75 i. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to exit when the `errexit' option is
76 set and a command in a pipeline returns a non-zero exit status.
78 j. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not run the exit trap in a command
79 run with `bash -c' under some circumstances.
81 k. Fixed a bug that caused parser errors to occasionally not set $? when
82 running commands with `eval'.
84 l. Fixed a bug that caused stray control characters when evaluating compound
85 array assignments containing $'\x7f' escapes.
87 m. Fixed a bug that caused redirections involving file descriptor 10 as the
88 target to behave incorrectly.
90 n. Fixed a bug that could cause memory to be freed multiple times when
91 assigning to COMP_WORDBREAKS.
93 o. Fixed a bug that could cause NULL pointer dereferences when COMP_WORDBREAKS
96 2. Changes to Readline
98 3. New Features in Bash
100 a. A value of 0 for the -t option to `read' now returns success if there is
101 input available to be read from the specified file descriptor.
103 b. CDPATH and GLOBIGNORE are ignored when the shell is running in privileged
106 c. New bindable readline functions shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word,
107 which move forward and backward words delimited by shell metacharacters
108 and honor shell quoting.
110 d. New bindable readline functions shell-backward-kill-word and shell-kill-word
111 which kill words backward and forward, but use the same word boundaries
112 as shell-forward-word and shell-backward-word.
114 4. New Features in Readline
116 a. If the kernel supports it, readline displays special characters
117 corresponding to a keyboard-generated signal when the signal is received.
119 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
120 This document details the changes between this version, bash-4.0-alpha,
121 and the previous version, bash-3.2-release.
125 a. Fixed several bugs in old-style `` command substitution parsing, including
126 comment parsing and quoted string handling.
128 b. Fixed problems parsing arguments to the [[ command's =~ regular expression
129 matching operator: metacharacter and whitespace parsing.
131 c. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to inappropriately reuse high-numbered
132 file descriptors it used internally.
134 d. Fixed a bug in pattern replacement word expansions that caused a `/' as
135 the first character of an expanded pattern to be mistaken for a global
136 replacement specifier.
138 e. Fixed several problems with the asprintf and snprintf replacement functions
139 that caused hangs and crashes.
141 f. Fixed a bug in the calculation of the current and previous job that caused
142 it to refer to incorrect jobs.
144 g. Fixed a bug in the check for the validity of a hashed command pathname that
145 caused unnecessary hash table deletions and additions.
147 h. Fixed a bug that caused child processes to inherit the wrong value for $!.
149 i. Fixed a bug that caused `.' to fail to read and execute commands from non-
150 regular files such as devices or named pipes.
152 j. Fixed a bug in printf formatting for the %x and %X expansions that occurred
155 k. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash when creating temporary files if
156 $TMPDIR named a non-writable directory.
158 l. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to ignore $TMPDIR when creating temporary
159 files under some circumstances.
161 m. Fixed a bug that caused named pipes created by process substitution to not
164 n. Fixed a bug that caused HISTTIMEFORMAT to not be honored when it appeared
165 in the initial shell environment.
167 o. Fixed several bugs in the expansion of $* and $@ (quoted and unquoted)
168 when IFS is null or contains non-whitespace characters; the same changes
169 apply to arrays subscripted with * or @.
171 p. Fixed several problems with pattern substitution expansions on the
172 positional parameters and arrays subscripted with * or @ that occurred
173 when $IFS was set to the empty string.
175 q. Made a change to the default locale initialization code that should
176 result in better behavior from the locale-aware library functions.
178 r. Fixed a bug that caused compacting the jobs list to drop jobs.
180 s. Fixed a bug that caused jumps back to the top-level processing loop from
181 a builtin command to leave the shell in an inconsistent state.
183 t. Fixed a bug that caused characters that would be escaped internally to be
184 doubled when escaped with a backslash.
186 u. Fixed the initialization of mailboxes to not cause maildirs to be read
187 (and stat(2) called for every message file) at shell startup.
189 v. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not display $PS2 when the read builtin
190 reads a line continued with a backslash.
192 w. Fixed a bug that caused errors in word splitting when $IFS contained
193 characters used for internal quoting.
195 x. Fixed bugs that caused problems with output from shell builtins not being
196 completely displayed on some systems.
198 y. Fixed a bug that caused output to be lost when a redirection is acting on
199 the shell's output file descriptor.
201 z. Fixed bugs caused by shell builtins not checking for all write errors.
203 aa. Fixed a problem that caused the shell to dump core if expansions on the
204 pattern passed to the pattern removal word expansions resulted in expansion
207 bb. Fixed a bug that caused bash to loop infinitely after creating and
208 waiting for 4096 jobs.
210 cc. Fixed a bug that caused bash to lose the status of a background job under
211 certain circumstances.
213 dd. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not look in the temporary environment
214 when performing variable lookup under certain circumstances.
216 ee. Fixed a bug that caused bash to close file descriptors greater than 10
217 when they were used in redirections.
219 ff. Fixed a problem that caused the shell to attempt to read from the standard
220 input when called as `bash -i script'.
222 gg. Fixed a memory leak and variable initialization problems when the -v option
223 was supplied to `printf' that could cause incorrect results.
225 hh. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to count bytes when the -n option
226 was supplied, rather than (possibly multibyte) characters.
228 ii. Fixed a bug when displaying a function due to not converting the function
231 jj. Changed job control initialization to ensure that the shell has a tty
232 as its controlling terminal before enabling job control.
234 kk. Fixed a bug with the `test' builtin that caused it to misinterpret
235 arguments beginning with `-' but containing more than one character.
237 ll. Fixed bug that could cause the shell to dump core in certain cases where
238 a command sets the SIGINT disposition to the default.
240 mm. Fixed a bug in the pattern replacement (affecting both word expansion
241 and the `fc' builtin) that occurred when the pattern and replacement
244 nn. Fixed a bug that caused an arithmetic evaluation error to disable all
247 oo. Fixed a bug in pathname expansion that caused it to interpret backslashes
248 in the pathname as quoting characters.
250 pp. Fixed a bug in the replacement getcwd() implementation that could cause
251 memory to be overwritten.
253 qq. When in Posix mode, the `ulimit' builtin now uses a block size of 512 for
254 the `-c' and `-f' options.
256 rr. Brace expansion now allows process substitutions to pass through unchanged.
258 ss. Fixed a problem in the command name completion code to avoid quoting
259 escaped special characters twice when the command name begins with a tilde.
261 tt. Fixed a problem in the printf builtin that resulted in single-byte
262 output for the "'" escape, even when using multibyte characters.
264 uu. Fixed a bug that caused the failure exit status to be lost when redirections
265 attached to a compound command failed.
267 vv. Fixed a bug that caused the internal random number generator to not be
268 re-seeded correctly when creating a subshell.
270 ww. Fixed a bug that could cause the bash replacement getcwd to overwrite
273 xx. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not receive SIGINT if it was sent
274 while the shell was waiting for a command substitution to terminate, and
275 make sure the exit status is correct when it does.
277 yy. Fixed a bug that resulted in the second and subsequent children spawned
278 by a shell begun to run a command substitution being placed into the
281 zz. Fixed a bug that caused the results of successful tilde expansion to be
282 subject to pathname expansion and word splitting.
284 aaa. Fixed a bug that could cause the shell to hang if it encountered an
285 error that caused it to jump back to the top processing loop during a
286 command substitution or `eval' command.
288 bbb. Fixed a bug that caused the `read' builtin to use the tty's attributes
289 instead of those of the file descriptor passed with the -u option when
290 processing the -n and -d options.
292 ccc. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect expansion of ${array[@]:foo} if the
293 first character of $IFS was not whitespace.
295 ddd. Fixed a bug that occurred when scanning for the ending delimiter of a
296 ${parameter/pat/sub} expansion.
298 eee. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to inappropriately expand command
299 substitutions in words when expanding directory names for completion.
301 fff. Fixed a bug that caused the `fc' builtin to look too far back in the
302 history list under certain circumstances.
304 ggg. Fixed a bug that caused a shell running in Posix mode to search $PWD for
305 a file specified as an argument to source/. when the file was not found
308 hhh. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to modify the case of a command word
309 found via command completion when the shell was performing case-
310 insensitive completion.
312 iii. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to search $PATH for an argument to
313 source/. even when it contained a `/'.
315 jjj. Fixed a bug that caused brace expansion to misorder expansions when the
316 locale did not have a collating order like aAbBcC...zZ.
318 kkk. Fixed a bug that did not allow `set +o history' to have any effect when
319 run in a startup file or from a sourced file.
321 lll. Fixed a bug with the precedence of the ?: conditional arithmetic operator.
323 mmm. Fixed a bug that caused side effects of temporary variable assignments
324 to persist in the shell environment.
326 nnn. Fixed a bug that caused the terminal to be left in non-canonical mode
327 when using editing commands that invoke the an editor on the current
330 ooo. Fixed a bug that caused globbing characters and characters in $IFS to not
331 be quoted appropriately when displaying assignment statements.
333 ppp. Fixed a bug that caused the `-e' option to be inherited when sourcing a
334 file or evaluating a command with `eval' even if the return value of the
335 command was supposed to be ignored.
337 qqq. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to attempt to created variables with
338 invalid names if such names appeared in the initial environment.
340 rrr. Fixed a bug with quote removal in strings where the final character is a
343 sss. Fixed a bug that caused the effects of special variables to persist even
344 when the variables were unset as part of the shell reinitializing itself
345 to execute a shell script.
347 ttt. Fixed a bug that caused the history to not be saved after `history -c' or
348 `history -d' was executed until a sufficient number of commands had been
349 saved to the history.
351 uuu. Bash now parses command substitutions according to Posix rules: parsing
352 the command contained in $() to find the closing delimiter.
354 vvv. Fixed a bug that caused traps on SIGCHLD set in a SIGCHLD handler to
357 www. Fixed a bug that didn't allow SIGCHLD to interrupt the `wait' builtin
360 xxx. Invalid numeric arguments to shell builtins no longer cause the shell to
361 short-circuit any executing compound command.
363 yyy. Fixed a bug that caused the exit status to be lost when `break' was
364 used to short-circuit a loop's execution.
366 zzz. Fixed a bug that caused stray ^? characters to be left in expansions of
369 aaaa. Bash now prints better error messages for here documents terminated by
370 EOF and for identifying the incorrect token in an invalid arithmetic
373 bbbb. Fixed a bug in the variable length word expansion that caused it to
374 incorrectly calculate the number of multibyte characters.
376 cccc. Fixed a race condition that could result in the top-level shell setting
377 the terminal's process group to an incorrect value if the process
378 group was changed by a child of a child of the shell.
380 dddd. Fixed a bug that caused here documents belonging to commands within a
381 compound command to be displayed in a syntactially-incorrect form, which
382 prevented them from being re-read as input.
384 eeee. The shell displays more warnings about failures to set the locale.
386 ffff. Fixed a bug that caused the body of a here-document to not be saved to
389 gggg. Fixed a bug that caused configure to incorrectly conclude that FreeBSD
390 had /dev/fd available, resulting in problems with process substitution.
392 2. Changes to Readline
394 a. Fixed a number of redisplay errors in environments supporting multibyte
397 b. Fixed bugs in vi command mode that caused motion commands to inappropriately
400 c. When using the arrow keys in vi insertion mode, readline allows movement
401 beyond the current end of the line (unlike command mode).
403 d. Fixed bugs that caused readline to loop when the terminal has been taken
404 away and reads return -1/EIO.
406 e. Fixed bugs in redisplay occurring when displaying prompts containing
407 invisible characters.
409 f. Fixed a bug that caused the completion append character to not be reset to
410 the default after an application-specified completion function changed it.
412 g. Fixed a problem that caused incorrect positioning of the cursor while in
413 emacs editing mode when moving forward at the end of a line while using
414 a locale supporting multibyte characters.
416 h. Fixed an off-by-one error that caused readline to drop every 511th
417 character of buffered input.
419 i. Fixed a bug that resulted in SIGTERM not being caught or cleaned up.
421 j. Fixed redisplay bugs caused by multiline prompts with invisible characters
422 or no characters following the final newline.
424 k. Fixed redisplay bug caused by prompts consisting solely of invisible
427 l. Fixed a bug in the code that buffers characters received very quickly in
428 succession which caused characters to be dropped.
430 m. Fixed a bug that caused readline to reference uninitialized data structures
431 if it received a SIGWINCH before completing initialzation.
433 n. Fixed a bug that caused the vi-mode `last command' to be set incorrectly
434 and therefore unrepeatable.
436 o. Fixed a bug that caused readline to disable echoing when it was being used
437 with an output file descriptor that was not a terminal.
439 p. Readline now blocks SIGINT while manipulating internal data structures
442 q. Fixed a bug in redisplay that caused readline to segfault when pasting a
443 very long line (over 130,000 characters).
445 r. Fixed bugs in redisplay when using prompts with no visible printing
448 3. New Features in Bash
450 a. When using substring expansion on the positional parameters, a starting
451 index of 0 now causes $0 to be prefixed to the list.
453 b. The `help' builtin now prints its columns with entries sorted vertically
454 rather than horizontally.
456 c. There is a new variable, $BASHPID, which always returns the process id of
459 d. There is a new `autocd' option that, when enabled, causes bash to attempt
460 to `cd' to a directory name that is supplied as the first word of a
463 e. There is a new `checkjobs' option that causes the shell to check for and
464 report any running or stopped jobs at exit.
466 f. The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_TYPE variable, set to
467 a character describing the type of completion being attempted.
469 g. The programmable completion code exports a new COMP_KEY variable, set to
470 the character that caused the completion to be invoked (e.g., TAB).
472 h. If creation of a child process fails due to insufficient resources, bash
473 will try again several times before reporting failure.
475 i. The programmable completion code now uses the same set of characters as
476 readline when breaking the command line into a list of words.
478 j. The block multiplier for the ulimit -c and -f options is now 512 when in
479 Posix mode, as Posix specifies.
481 k. Changed the behavior of the read builtin to save any partial input received
482 in the specified variable when the read builtin times out. This also
483 results in variables specified as arguments to read to be set to the empty
484 string when there is no input available. When the read builtin times out,
485 it returns an exit status greater than 128.
487 l. The shell now has the notion of a `compatibility level', controlled by
488 new variables settable by `shopt'. Setting this variable currently
489 restores the bash-3.1 behavior when processing quoted strings on the rhs
490 of the `=~' operator to the `[[' command.
492 m. The `ulimit' builtin now has new -b (socket buffer size) and -T (number
495 n. The -p option to `declare' now displays all variable values and attributes
496 (or function values and attributes if used with -f).
498 o. There is a new `compopt' builtin that allows completion functions to modify
499 completion options for existing completions or the completion currently
502 p. The `read' builtin has a new -i option which inserts text into the reply
503 buffer when using readline.
505 q. A new `-E' option to the complete builtin allows control of the default
506 behavior for completion on an empty line.
508 r. There is now limited support for completing command name words containing
511 s. Changed format of internal help documentation for all builtins to roughly
512 follow man page format.
514 t. The `help' builtin now has a new -d option, to display a short description,
515 and a -m option, to print help information in a man page-like format.
517 u. There is a new `mapfile' builtin to populate an array with lines from a
520 v. If a command is not found, the shell attempts to execute a shell function
521 named `command_not_found_handle', supplying the command words as the
524 w. There is a new shell option: `globstar'. When enabled, the globbing code
525 treats `**' specially -- it matches all directories (and files within
526 them, when appropriate) recursively.
528 x. There is a new shell option: `dirspell'. When enabled, the filename
529 completion code performs spelling correction on directory names during
532 y. The `-t' option to the `read' builtin now supports fractional timeout
535 z. Brace expansion now allows zero-padding of expanded numeric values and
536 will add the proper number of zeroes to make sure all values contain the
537 same number of digits.
539 aa. There is a new bash-specific bindable readline function: `dabbrev-expand'.
540 It uses menu completion on a set of words taken from the history list.
542 bb. The command assigned to a key sequence with `bind -x' now sets two new
543 variables in the environment of the executed command: READLINE_LINE_BUFFER
544 and READLINE_POINT. The command can change the current readline line
545 and cursor position by modifying READLINE_LINE_BUFFER and READLINE_POINT,
548 cc. There is a new >>& redirection operator, which appends the standard output
549 and standard error to the named file.
551 dd. The parser now understands `|&' as a synonym for `2>&1 |', which redirects
552 the standard error for a command through a pipe.
554 ee. The new `;&' case statement action list terminator causes execution to
555 continue with the action associated with the next pattern in the
556 statement rather than terminating the command.
558 ff. The new `;;&' case statement action list terminator causes the shell to
559 test the next set of patterns after completing execution of the current
560 action, rather than terminating the command.
562 gg. The shell understands a new variable: PROMPT_DIRTRIM. When set to an
563 integer value greater than zero, prompt expansion of \w and \W will
564 retain only that number of trailing pathname components and replace
565 the intervening characters with `...'.
567 hh. There are new case-modifying word expansions: uppercase (^[^]) and
568 lowercase (,[,]). They can work on either the first character or
569 array element, or globally. They accept an optional shell pattern
570 that determines which characters to modify. There is an optionally-
571 configured feature to include capitalization operators.
573 ii. The shell provides associative array variables, with the appropriate
574 support to create, delete, assign values to, and expand them.
576 jj. The `declare' builtin now has new -l (convert value to lowercase upon
577 assignment) and -u (convert value to uppercase upon assignment) options.
578 There is an optionally-configurable -c option to capitalize a value at
581 kk. There is a new `coproc' reserved word that specifies a coprocess: an
582 asynchronous command run with two pipes connected to the creating shell.
583 Coprocs can be named. The input and output file descriptors and the
584 PID of the coprocess are available to the calling shell in variables
585 with coproc-specific names.
587 4. New Features in Readline
589 a. A new variable, rl_sort_completion_matches; allows applications to inhibit
590 match list sorting (but beware: some things don't work right if
591 applications do this).
593 b. A new variable, rl_completion_invoking_key; allows applications to discover
594 the key that invoked rl_complete or rl_menu_complete.
596 c. The functions rl_block_sigint and rl_release_sigint are now public and
597 available to calling applications who want to protect critical sections
600 d. The functions rl_save_state and rl_restore_state are now public and
601 available to calling applications; documented rest of readline's state
604 e. A new user-settable variable, `history-size', allows setting the maximum
605 number of entries in the history list.
607 f. There is a new implementation of menu completion, with several improvements
608 over the old; the most notable improvement is a better `completions
611 g. The menu completion code now uses the rl_menu_completion_entry_function
612 variable, allowing applications to provide their own menu completion
615 h. There is support for replacing a prefix of a pathname with a `...' when
616 displaying possible completions. This is controllable by setting the
617 `completion-prefix-display-length' variable. Matches with a common prefix
618 longer than this value have the common prefix replaced with `...'.
620 i. There is a new `revert-all-at-newline' variable. If enabled, readline will
621 undo all outstanding changes to all history lines when `accept-line' is
624 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
625 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-release,
626 and the previous version, bash-3.2-beta.
630 a. Fixed a bug that caused the temporary environment passed to a command to
631 affect the shell's environment under certain circumstances.
633 b. Fixed a bug in the printf builtin that caused the %q format specifier to
634 ignore empty string arguments.
636 c. Improved multibyte character environment detection at configuration time.
638 d. Fixed a bug in the read builtin that left spurious escape characters in the
639 input after processing backslashes when assigning to an array variable.
641 2. Changes to Readline
643 a. Fixed a redisplay bug that occurred in multibyte-capable locales when the
644 prompt was one character longer than the screen width.
645 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
646 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-beta,
647 and the previous version, bash-3.2-alpha.
651 a. Changed the lexical analyzer to treat locale-specific blank characters as
654 b. Fixed a bug in command printing to avoid confusion between redirections and
655 process substitution.
657 c. Fixed problems with cross-compiling originating from inherited environment
660 d. Added write error reporting to printf builtin.
662 e. Fixed a bug in the variable expansion code that could cause a core dump in
665 f. Fixed a bug that caused substring expansion of a null string to return
668 g. BASH_COMMAND now retains its previous value while executing commands as the
669 result of a trap, as the documentation states.
671 2. Changes to Readline
673 a. Fixed a bug with prompt redisplay in a multi-byte locale to avoid redrawing
674 the prompt and input line multiple times.
676 b. Fixed history expansion to not be confused by here-string redirection.
678 c. Readline no longer treats read errors by converting them to newlines, as
679 it does with EOF. This caused partial lines to be returned from readline().
681 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
682 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.2-alpha,
683 and the previous version, bash-3.1-release.
687 a. Fixed a source bug that caused the minimal configuration to not compile.
689 b. Fixed memory leaks in error handling for the `read' builtin.
691 c. Changed the [[ and (( compound commands to set PIPESTATUS with their exit
694 d. Fixed some parsing problems with compound array assignments.
696 e. Added additional configuration changes for: NetBSD (incomplete multibyte
699 f. Fixed two bugs with local array variable creation when shadowing a variable
700 of the same name from a previous context.
702 g. Fixed the `read' builtin to restore the correct set of completion functions
705 h. Added code to defer the initialization of HISTSIZE (and its stifling of the
706 history list) until the history file is loaded, allowing a startup file to
707 override the default value.
709 i. Tightened up the arithmetic expression parsing to produce better error
710 messages when presented with invalid operators.
712 j. Fixed the cross-compilation support to build the signal list at shell
713 invocation rather than compile time if cross-compiling.
715 k. Fixed multibyte support for non-gcc compilers (or compilers that do not
716 allow automatic array variable sizing based on a non-constant value).
718 l. Several fixes to the code that manages the list of terminated jobs and
719 their exit statuses, and the list of active and recently-terminated jobs
720 to avoid pid aliasing/wraparound and allocation errors.
722 m. Fixed a problem that allowed scripts to die due to SIGINT while waiting
723 for children, even when started in the background or otherwise ignoring
726 n. Fixed a bug that caused shells invoked as -/bin/bash from not being
727 recognized as login shells.
729 o. Fixed a problem that caused shells in the background to give the terminal
730 to a process group other than the foreground shell process group.
732 p. Fixed a problem with extracting the `varname' in ${#varname}.
734 q. Fixed the code that handles SIGQUIT to not exit immediately -- thereby
735 calling functions that may not be called in a signal handler context --
736 but set a flag and exit afterward (like SIGINT).
738 r. Changed the brace expansion code to skip over braces that don't begin a
739 valid matched brace expansion construct.
741 s. Fixed `typeset' and `declare' to not require that their shell function
742 operands to be valid shell identifiers.
744 t. Changed `test' to use access(2) with a temporary uid/euid swap when testing
745 file attributes and running setuid, and access(2) in most other cases.
747 u. Changed completion code to not attempt command name completion on a line
748 consisting solely of whitespace when no_empty_command_completion is set.
750 v. The `hash' builtin now prints nothing in posix mode when the hash table is
751 empty, and prints a message to that effect to stdout instead of stderr
752 when not in posix mode.
754 w. Fixed a bug in the extended pattern matching code that caused it to fail to
755 match periods with certain patterns.
757 x. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to dump core when performing filename
758 generation in directories with thousands of files.
760 y. Returned to the original Bourne shell rules for parsing ``: no recursive
761 parsing of embedded quoted strings or ${...} constructs.
763 z. The inheritence of the DEBUG, RETURN, and ERR traps is now dependent only
764 on the settings of the `functrace' and `errtrace' shell options, rather
765 than whether or not the shell is in debugging mode.
767 aa. Fixed a problem with $HOME being converted to ~ in the expansion of
768 members of the DIRSTACK array.
770 bb. Fixed a problem with quoted arguments to arithmetic expansions in certain
773 cc. The command word completion code now no longer returns matching directories
774 while searching $PATH.
776 dd. Fixed a bug with zero-padding and precision handling in snprintf()
779 ee. Fixed a bug that caused the command substitution code not to take embedded
780 shell comments into account.
782 ff. Fixed a bug that caused $((...);(...)) to be misinterpreted as an
783 arithmetic substitution.
785 gg. Fixed a bug in the prompt expansion code that inappropriately added a
786 \001 before a \002 under certain circumstances.
788 hh. Fixed a bug that caused `unset LANG' to not properly reset the locale
789 (previous versions would set the locale back to what it was when bash
790 was started rather than the system's "native" locale).
792 ii. Fixed a bug that could cause file descriptors > 10 to not be closed even
793 when closed explicitly by a script.
795 jj. Fixed a bug that caused single quotes to be stripped from ANSI-C quoting
796 inside double-quoted command substitutions.
798 kk. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when `return' was executed as the
799 last element of a pipeline inside a shell function.
801 ll. Fixed a bug that caused DEBUG trap strings to overwrite commands stored in
804 2. Changes to Readline
806 a. Fixed a problem that caused segmentation faults when using readline in
807 callback mode and typing consecutive DEL characters on an empty line.
809 b. Fixed several redisplay problems with multibyte characters, all having to
810 do with the different code paths and variable meanings between single-byte
811 and multibyte character redisplay.
813 c. Fixed a problem with key sequence translation when presented with the
816 d. Fixed a problem that prevented the `a' command in vi mode from being
817 undone and redone properly.
819 e. Fixed a problem that prevented empty inserts in vi mode from being undone
822 f. Fixed a problem that caused readline to initialize with an incorrect idea
823 of whether or not the terminal can autowrap.
825 g. Fixed output of key bindings (like bash `bind -p') to honor the setting of
826 convert-meta and use \e where appropriate.
828 h. Changed the default filename completion function to call the filename
829 dequoting function if the directory completion hook isn't set. This means
830 that any directory completion hooks need to dequote the directory name,
831 since application-specific hooks need to know how the word was quoted,
832 even if no other changes are made.
834 i. Fixed a bug with creating the prompt for a non-interactive search string
835 when there are non-printing characters in the primary prompt.
837 j. Fixed a bug that caused prompts with invisible characters to be redrawn
838 multiple times in a multibyte locale.
840 k. Fixed a bug that could cause the key sequence scanning code to return the
843 l. Fixed a problem with the callback interface that caused it to fail when
844 using multi-character keyboard macros.
846 m. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when an edited history entry was
847 re-executed under certain conditions.
849 n. Fixed a bug that caused readline to reference freed memory when attmpting
850 to display a portion of the prompt.
852 3. New Features in Bash
854 a. Changed the parameter pattern replacement functions to not anchor the
855 pattern at the beginning of the string if doing global replacement - that
856 combination doesn't make any sense.
858 b. When running in `word expansion only' mode (--wordexp option), inhibit
859 process substitution.
861 c. Loadable builtins now work on MacOS X 10.[34].
863 d. Shells running in posix mode no longer set $HOME, as POSIX requires.
865 e. The code that checks for binary files being executed as shell scripts now
866 checks only for NUL rather than any non-printing character.
868 f. Quoting the string argument to the [[ command's =~ operator now forces
869 string matching, as with the other pattern-matching operators.
871 4. New Features in Readline
873 a. Calling applications can now set the keyboard timeout to 0, allowing
876 b. The value of SYS_INPUTRC (configurable at compilation time) is now used as
877 the default last-ditch startup file.
879 c. The history file reading functions now allow windows-like \r\n line
882 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
883 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-release,
884 and the previous version, bash-3.1-rc2.
886 1. Changes to Readline
888 a. Several changes to the multibyte redisplay code to fix problems with
889 prompts containing invisible characters.
891 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
892 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-rc2,
893 and the previous version, bash-3.1-rc1.
897 a. Fixed a bug that caused a DEBUG trap to overwrite a command string that's
898 eventually attached to a background job.
900 b. Changed some code so that filenames with leading tildes with spaces in the
901 name aren't tilde-expanded by the bash completion code.
903 c. Fixed a bug that caused the pushd builtin to fail to change to
904 directories with leading `-'.
906 d. Fixed a small memory leak in the programmable completion code.
908 2. Changes to Readline
910 a. Fixed a redisplay bug caused by moving the cursor vertically to a line
911 with invisible characters in the prompt in a multibyte locale.
913 b. Fixed a bug that could cause the terminal special chars to be bound in the
914 wrong keymap in vi mode.
916 3. New Features in Bash
918 a. If compiled for strict POSIX conformance, LINES and COLUMNS may now
919 override the true terminal size.
921 4. New Features in Readline
923 a. A new external application-controllable variable that allows the LINES
924 and COLUMNS environment variables to set the window size regardless of
925 what the kernel returns.
927 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
928 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-rc1,
929 and the previous version, bash-3.1-beta1.
933 a. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps due to accessing the current
934 pipeline while in the middle of modifying it.
936 b. Fixed a bug that caused pathnames with backslashes still quoting characters
937 to be passed to opendir().
939 c. Command word completion now obeys the setting of completion-ignore-case.
941 d. Fixed a problem with redirection that caused file descriptors greater than
942 2 to be inappropriately marked as close-on-exec.
944 e. In Posix mode, after `wait' is called to wait for a particular process
945 explicitly, that process is removed from the list of processes known to
946 the shell, and subsequent attempts to wait for it return errors.
948 f. Fixed a bug that caused extended pattern matching to incorrectly scan
949 backslash-escaped pattern characters.
951 g. Fixed a synchronization problem that could cause core dumps when handling
954 h. Fixed a bug that caused an unmatched backquote to be accepted without an
955 error when processing here documents.
957 i. Fixed a small memory leak in the `cd' builtin.
959 j. Fix for MacOS X so it gets the values for the HOSTTYPE, MACHTYPE, and
960 OSTYPE variables at build time, to support universal binaries.
962 k. Fixed a bug that could cause an exit trap to return the exit status of
963 the trap command rather than the status as it was before the trap was
964 run as the shell's exit status.
966 2. New Features in Bash
968 3. Changes to Readline
970 a. Fixed a bug that caused reversing the incremental search direction to
973 b. Fixed the vi-mode `U' command to only undo up to the first time insert mode
974 was entered, as Posix specifies.
976 c. Fixed a bug in the vi-mode `r' command that left the cursor in the wrong
979 4. New Features in Readline
981 a. New application-callable auxiliary function, rl_variable_value, returns
982 a string corresponding to a readline variable's value.
984 b. When parsing inputrc files and variable binding commands, the parser
985 strips trailing whitespace from values assigned to boolean variables
986 before checking them.
989 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
990 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-beta1,
991 and the previous version, bash-3.1-alpha1.
995 a. Added some system-specific signal names.
997 b. Fixed a typo in the ulimit builtin to make `x' the right option to
998 maniuplate the limit on file locks.
1000 c. Fixed a problem with using += to append to index 0 of an array variable
1001 when not using subscript syntax.
1003 d. A few changes to configure.in to remove calls to obsolete or outdated
1006 e. Make sure changes to variables bash handles specially (e.g., LC_ALL) are
1007 made when the variable is set in the temporary environment to a command.
1009 f. Make sure changes to variables bash handles specially (e.g., LC_ALL) are
1010 made when the variable is modified using `printf -v'.
1012 g. The export environment is now remade on cygwin when HOME is changed, so
1013 DLLs bash is linked against pick up the new value. This fixes problems
1014 with tilde expansion when linking against and already-installed readline.
1016 h. Small fix to the logic for performing tilde expansion in posix mode, so
1017 expansion on the right-hand side of an assignment statement takes place.
1019 i. Fixed a bug that prevented redirections associated with a shell function
1020 from being executed when in a subshell.
1022 j. Fixed `source' and `.' builtins to not require an executable file when
1023 searching $PATH for a file to source.
1025 k. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect word splitting in a function when IFS
1026 was declared local, then unset.
1028 l. Fixed a problem with the `kill' builtin that prevented sending signals
1029 to a process group under certain circumstances when providing a pid < 0.
1031 m. When in POSIX mode, `pwd' now checks that the value it prints is the same
1032 directory as `.', even when displaying $PWD.
1034 n. Fixed a problem with the `read' builtin when reading a script from standard
1035 input and reading data from the same file.
1037 o. Fixed a problem with the `type' and `command' builtins that caused absolute
1038 pathnames to be displayed incorrectly.
1040 p. Some changes to the `bg' builtin for POSIX conformance.
1042 q. The `fc' builtin now removes the `fc' command that caused it to invoke an
1043 editor on specified history entries from the history entirely, rather than
1046 r. When in POSIX mode, the `v' command in vi editing mode simply invokes vi
1047 on the current command, rather than checking $FCEDIT and $EDITOR.
1049 s. Fixed a small memory leak in the pathname canonicalization code.
1051 t. Fixed a bug that caused the expanded value of a $'...' string to be
1052 incorrectly re-quoted if it occurred within a double-quoted ${...}
1053 parameter expansion.
1055 u. Restored default emacs-mode key binding of M-TAB to dynamic-complete-history.
1057 v. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when interrupting loops running builtins
1060 w. Make sure that some of the functions bash provides replacements for are
1063 x. The code that scans embedded commands for the parser (`...` and $(...)) is
1064 now more aware of embedded comments and their effect on quoted strings.
1066 y. Changed the `-n' option to the `history' builtin to not reset the number of
1067 history lines read in the current session after reading the new lines from
1068 the history file if the history is being appended when it is written to
1069 the file, since the appending takes care of the problem that the adjustment
1070 was intended to solve.
1072 z. Improved the error message displayed when a shell script fails to execute
1073 because the environment and size of command line arguments are too large.
1075 aa. A small fix to make sure that $HISTCMD is evaluated whenever the shell is
1076 saving commands to the history list, not just when HISTSIZE is defined.
1078 2. Changes to Readline
1080 a. The `change-case' command now correctly changes the case of multibyte
1083 b. Changes to the shared library construction scripts to deal with Windows
1084 DLL naming conventions for Cygwin.
1086 c. Fixed the redisplay code to avoid core dumps resulting from a poorly-timed
1089 d. Fixed the non-incremental search code in vi mode to dispose of any current
1090 undo list when copying a line from the history into the current editing
1093 e. The variable assignment code now ignores whitespace at the end of lines
1094 when assigning to boolean variables.
1096 f. The `C-w' binding in incremental search now understands multibyte
1099 3. New Features in Bash
1101 a. A new configuration option, `--enable-strict-posix-default', which will
1102 build bash to be POSIX conforming by default.
1104 4. New Features in Readline
1106 a. If the rl_completion_query_items is set to a value < 0, readline never
1107 asks the user whether or not to view the possible completions.
1109 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1110 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.1-alpha1,
1111 and the previous version, bash-3.0-release.
1115 a. Fixed a bug that caused bash to crash if referencing an unset local array.
1117 b. Fixed a problem that caused tilde expansion to not be performed before
1118 attempting globbing word completion.
1120 c. Fixed an incompatibility so that a first argument to trap that's a valid
1121 signal number will be trated as a signal rather than a command to execute.
1123 d. Fixed ${#word} expansion to correctly compute the length of a string
1124 containing multibyte characters.
1126 e. Fixed a bug that caused bash to not pass the correct flags for signal
1127 disposition to child processes.
1129 f. Fixed a bug that caused `fc -l' to list one too many history entries.
1131 g. Some fixes to `fc' for POSIX conformance.
1133 h. Some fixes to job status display for POSIX conformance.
1135 i. Fixed a bug that caused `command -v' to display output if a command was not
1136 found -- it should be silent.
1138 j. In POSIX mode, `type' and `command -[vV]' do not report non-executable
1139 files, even if the shell will attempt to execute them.
1141 k. Fixed a bug that caused the `==' operator to the [[ command to not attempt
1142 extended pattern matching.
1144 l. Fixed the brace expansion code to handle characters whose value exceeds 128.
1146 m. Fixed `printf' to handle strings with a leading `\0' whose length is
1149 n. Fixed a couple of problems with brace expansion where `${' was handled
1152 o. Fixed off-by-one error when calculating the upper bound of `offset' when
1153 processing the ${array[@]:offset:length} expansion.
1155 p. System-specific configuration changes for: FreeBSD 5.x, Interix, MacOS X
1156 10.4, Linux 2.4+ kernels, Linux 3.x kernels, Dragonfly BSD, QNX 6.x,
1159 q. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to ignore the status of the rightmost
1160 command in a pipeline when the `pipefail' option was enabled.
1162 r. Fixed a completion bug that caused core dumps when expanding a directory
1165 s. Fixed a bug that prevented `hash -d' from removing commands from the hash
1168 t. Fixed word splitting to avoid really bad quadratic performance when
1169 expanding long lists.
1171 u. Fixed a bug that caused negative offsets in substring expansion to use the
1174 v. Fixed a bug in printf that caused it to not return failure on write errors.
1176 w. Fixed a bug that caused commands in subshells to not be properly timed.
1178 x. The shell parser no longer attempts to parse a compound assignment specially
1179 unless in a position where an assignment statement is acceptable or parsing
1180 arguments to a builtin that accepts assignment statements.
1182 y. Fixed a problem that caused a `case' statement to be added to the history
1183 incorrectly as a single command if the `case word' was on one line and the
1186 z. Fixed a problem that caused internal shell quoting characters to be
1187 incorrectly quoted with backslashes under some circumstances.
1189 aa. The shell now performs correct word splitting when IFS contains multibyte
1192 bb. The mail checking code now resets the cached file information if the size
1193 drops to 0, even if the times don't change.
1195 cc. A completed command name that is found in $PATH as well as the name of a
1196 directory in the current directory no longer has a slash appended in certain
1197 circumstances: a single instance found in $PATH when `.' is not in $PATH,
1198 and multiple instances found in $PATH, even when `.' is in $PATH.
1200 dd. Incorporated tilde expansion into the word expansion code rather than as a
1201 separately-called function, fixing some cases where it was performed
1202 inappropriately (e.g., after the second `=' in an assignment statement or
1203 in a double-quoted parameter expansion).
1205 ee. Fixed several bugs encountered when parsing compound assignment statements,
1206 so that compound assignments appearing as arguments to builtins are no
1207 longer double-expanded.
1209 ff. Fixed a bug in the command execution code that caused asynchronous commands
1210 containing command substitutions to not put the terminal in the wrong
1213 gg. Bash now handles the case where the WCONTINUED flag causes waitpid() to
1214 return -1/EINVAL at runtime as well as configuration time.
1216 hh. Fixed parser to generate an error when the pipeline `argument' to `!' or
1219 ii. The shell now takes a little more care when manipulating file descriptors
1220 greater than 9 with the `exec' builtin.
1222 jj. Fixed a bug that caused variable assignments preceding the `command' builtin
1223 preceding a special builtin to be preserved after the command completed in
1226 kk. Fixed a bug that allowed variables beginning with a digit to be created.
1228 ll. Fixed a bug that caused a \<newline> to be removed when parsing a $'...'
1231 mm. A shell whose name begins with `-' will now be a restricted shell if the
1232 remainder of the name indicates it should be restricted.
1234 nn. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if FUNCNAME were changed or unset
1235 during a function's execution.
1237 oo. Fixed a bug that caused executing a `return' in a function to not execute
1238 a RETURN trap. The RETURN trap is inherited by shell functions only if
1239 function tracing is globally enabled or has been enabled for that function.
1241 pp. Fixed cases where var[@] was not handled exactly like var, when var is a
1244 qq. Fixed a bug that caused the first character after a SIGINT to be discarded
1245 under certain circumstances.
1247 rr. Fixed exit status code so that a suspended job returns 128+signal as its
1248 exit status (preventing commands after it in `&&' lists from being
1251 ss. Fixed a bug that caused the shell parser state to be changed by executing
1252 a shell function as a result of word completion.
1254 tt. Fixed a long-standing bug that caused '\177' characters in variable
1255 values to be discarded when expanded in double-quoted strings.
1257 uu. Fixed a bug that caused $RANDOM to be re-seeded multiple times in a
1258 subshell environment.
1260 vv. Extensive changes to the job management code to avoid the pid-reuse and
1261 pid-aliasing problems caused by retaining the exit status of too many jobs,
1262 but still retain as many background job statuses as POSIX requires.
1264 ww. Fixed a parser bug in processing \<newline> that caused things like
1269 to not work correctly.
1271 xx. `pwd -P' now sets $PWD to a directory name containing no symbolic links
1272 when in posix mode, as POSIX requires.
1274 yy. In posix mode, bash no longer sets $PWD to a name containing no symbolic
1275 links if a directory is chosen from $CDPATH.
1277 zz. The word splitting code now treats an IFS character that is not space,
1278 tab, or newline and any adjacent IFS white space as a single delimiter, as
1281 aaa. The `read' builtin now checks whether or not the number of fields read is
1282 exactly the same as the number of variables instead of just assigning the
1283 rest of the line (minus any trailing IFS white space) to the last
1284 variable. This is what POSIX/SUS/XPG all require.
1286 bbb. Fixed a bug that caused `read' to always check whether or not fd 0 was a
1287 pipe, even when reading from another file descriptor.
1289 ccc. Fixed a bug that caused short-circuiting of execution even if the return
1290 value was being inverted.
1292 ddd. Fixed a bug that caused a core dump while decoding \W escapes in PS1 if
1295 eee. Fixed a bug in `read' that counted internal quoting characters for the
1296 purposes of `read -n'.
1298 fff. Fixed a bug so that a function definition in a pipeline causes a child
1299 process to be forked at the right time.
1301 ggg. Bash will not attempt to link against a readline library that doesn't
1302 have rl_gnu_readline_p == 1.
1304 hhh. Fixed a bug that caused `read' to consume one too many characters when
1305 reading a fixed number of characters and the Nth character is a backslash.
1307 iii. Fixed a bug that caused `unset' on variables in the temporary environment
1308 to leave them set when `unset' completed.
1310 jjj. Fixed a bug that caused bash to close fd 2 if an `exec' failed and the
1313 kkk. The completion code is more careful to not turn `/' or `///' into `//',
1314 for those systems on which `//' has special meaning.
1316 lll. Fixed a bug that caused command substitution in asynchronous commands to
1317 close the wrong file descriptors.
1319 mmm. The shell no longer prints status messages about terminated background
1320 processes unless job control is active.
1322 nnn. Fixed a bug that prevented multiple consecutive invocations of `history -s'
1323 from adding all the commands to the history list.
1325 ooo. Added a couple of changes to make arithmetic expansion more consistent in
1326 all its contexts (still not perfect).
1328 ppp. Fixed a bug that caused the parser to occasionally not find the right
1329 terminating "`" in an old-style command substitution.
1331 qqq. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when the shell was reading its non-
1332 interactive input from fd 0 and fd 0 was duplicated and restored using a
1333 combination of `exec' (to save) and redirection (to restore).
1335 rrr. Fixed a problem that caused loops in sourced scripts to not be cleaned
1336 up properly when a `return' is executed.
1338 sss. Change internal command substitution completion function to append a slash
1339 to directory names in the command.
1341 2. Changes to Readline
1343 a. Fixed a bug that caused multiliine prompts to be wrapped and displayed
1346 b. Fixed a bug that caused ^P/^N in emacs mode to fail to display the current
1349 c. Fixed a problem in computing the number of invisible characters on the first
1350 line of a prompt whose length exceeds the screen width.
1352 d. Fixed vi-mode searching so that failure preserves the current line rather
1353 than the last line in the history list.
1355 e. Fixed the vi-mode `~' command (change-case) to have the correct behavior at
1356 end-of-line when manipulating multibyte characters.
1358 f. Fixed the vi-mode `r' command (change-char) to have the correct behavior at
1359 end-of-line when manipulating multibyte characters.
1361 g. Fixed multiple bugs in the redisplay of multibyte characters: displaying
1362 prompts longer than the screen width containing multibyte characters,
1364 h. Fix the calculation of the number of physical characters in the prompt
1365 string when it contains multibyte characters.
1367 i. A non-zero value for the `rl_complete_suppress_append' variable now causes
1368 no `/' to be appended to a directory name.
1370 j. Fixed forward-word and backward-word to work when words contained
1371 multibyte characters.
1373 k. Fixed a bug in finding the delimiter of a `?' substring when performing
1374 history expansion in a locale that supports multibyte characters.
1376 l. Fixed a memory leak caused by not freeing the timestamp in a history entry.
1378 m. Fixed a bug that caused "\M-x" style key bindings to not obey the setting
1379 of the `convert-meta' variable.
1381 n. Fixed saving and restoring primary prompt when prompting for incremental
1382 and non-incremental searches; search prompts now display multibyte
1383 characters correctly.
1385 o. Fixed a bug that caused keys originally bound to self-insert but shadowed
1386 by a multi-character key sequence to not be inserted.
1388 p. Fixed code so rl_prep_term_function and rl_deprep_term_function aren't
1389 dereferenced if NULL (matching the documentation).
1391 q. Extensive changes to readline to add enough state so that commands
1392 requiring additional characters (searches, multi-key sequences, numeric
1393 arguments, commands requiring an additional specifier character like
1394 vi-mode change-char, etc.) work without synchronously waiting for
1397 r. Lots of changes so readline builds and runs on MinGW.
1399 s. Readline no longer tries to modify the terminal settings when running in
1402 t. The Readline display code no longer sets the location of the last invisible
1403 character in the prompt if the \[\] sequence is empty.
1405 3. New Features in Bash
1407 a. Bash now understands LC_TIME as a special variable so that time display
1408 tracks the current locale.
1410 b. BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV, BASH_SOURCE, and BASH_LINENO are no longer created
1411 as `invisible' variables and may not be unset.
1413 c. In POSIX mode, if `xpg_echo' option is enabled, the `echo' builtin doesn't
1414 try to interpret any options at all, as POSIX requires.
1416 d. The `bg' builtin now accepts multiple arguments, as POSIX seems to specify.
1418 e. Fixed vi-mode word completion and glob expansion to perform tilde
1421 f. The `**' mathematic exponentiation operator is now right-associative.
1423 g. The `ulimit' builtin has new options: -i (max number of pending signals),
1424 -q (max size of POSIX message queues), and -x (max number of file locks).
1426 h. A bare `%' once again expands to the current job when used as a job
1429 i. The `+=' assignment operator (append to the value of a string or array) is
1430 now supported for assignment statements and arguments to builtin commands
1431 that accept assignment statements.
1433 j. BASH_COMMAND now preserves its value when a DEBUG trap is executed.
1435 k. The `gnu_errfmt' option is enabled automatically if the shell is running
1436 in an emacs terminal window.
1438 l. New configuration option: --single-help-strings. Causes long help text
1439 to be written as a single string; intended to ease translation.
1441 m. The COMP_WORDBREAKS variable now causes the list of word break characters
1442 to be emptied when the variable is unset.
1444 n. An unquoted expansion of $* when $IFS is empty now causes the positional
1445 parameters to be concatenated if the expansion doesn't undergo word
1448 o. Bash now inherits $_ from the environment if it appears there at startup.
1450 p. New shell option: nocasematch. If non-zero, shell pattern matching ignores
1451 case when used by `case' and `[[' commands.
1453 q. The `printf' builtin takes a new option: -v var. That causes the output
1454 to be placed into var instead of on stdout.
1456 r. By default, the shell no longer reports processes dying from SIGPIPE.
1458 s. Bash now sets the extern variable `environ' to the export environment it
1459 creates, so C library functions that call getenv() (and can't use the
1460 shell-provided replacement) get current values of environment variables.
1462 4. New Features in Readline
1464 a. The key sequence sent by the keypad `delete' key is now automatically
1465 bound to delete-char.
1467 b. A negative argument to menu-complete now cycles backward through the
1470 c. A new bindable readline variable: bind-tty-special-chars. If non-zero,
1471 readline will bind the terminal special characters to their readline
1472 equivalents when it's called (on by default).
1474 d. New bindable command: vi-rubout. Saves deleted text for possible
1475 reinsertion, as with any vi-mode `text modification' command; `X' is bound
1476 to this in vi command mode.
1478 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1479 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-release,
1480 and the previous version, bash-3.0-rc1.
1484 a. Fixed a boundary overrun that could cause segmentation faults when the
1485 completion code hands an incomplete construct to the word expansion
1488 b. Changed posix mode behavior so that an error in a variable assignment
1489 preceding a special builtin causes a non-interactive shell to exit.
1491 c. Change the directory expansion portion of the completion code to not
1492 expand embedded command substitutions if the directory name appears in
1495 d. Fixed a problem that caused `bash -r' to turn on restrictions before
1496 reading the startup files.
1498 e. Fixed a problem with the default operation of the `umask' builtin.
1500 2. Changes to Readline
1502 a. Fixed a problem with readline saving the contents of the current line
1503 before beginning a non-interactive search.
1505 b. Fixed a problem with EOF detection when using rl_event_hook.
1507 c. Fixed a problem with the vi mode `p' and `P' commands ignoring numeric
1510 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1511 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-rc1,
1512 and the previous version, bash-3.0-beta1.
1516 a. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect behavior when referecing element 0 of
1517 an array using $array, element 0 was unset, and `set -u' was enabled.
1519 b. System-specific changes for: SCO Unix 3.2, Tandem.
1521 c. Fixed a bug that caused inappropriate word splitting when a variable was
1522 expanded within a double-quoted string that also included $@.
1524 d. Fixed a bug that caused `pwd' to not display anything in physical mode
1525 when the file system had changed underneath the shell.
1527 e. Fixed a bug in the pre- and post- increment and decrement parsing in the
1528 expression evaluator that caused errors when the operands and corresponding
1529 operators were separated by whitespace.
1531 f. Fixed a bug that caused `history -p' to add an entry to the history list,
1532 counter to the documentation. (Keeps the history expansions invoked by
1533 emacs-mode command line editing from doing that as well.)
1535 g. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if `cd' is asked to print out a
1536 pathname longer than PATH_MAX characters.
1538 h. Fixed a bug that caused jobs to be put into the wrong process group under
1539 some circumstances after enabling job control with `set -m'.
1541 i. `unalias' now returns failure if no alias name arguments are supplied.
1543 j. Documented the characters not allowed to appear in an alias name.
1545 k. $* is no longer expanded as if in double quotes when it appears in the
1546 body of a here document, as the SUS seems to require.
1548 l. The `bashbug' script now uses a directory in $TMPDIR for exclusive
1549 access rather than trying to guess how the underlying OS provides for
1550 secure temporary file creation.
1552 m. Fixed a few problems with `cd' and `pwd' when asked to operate on pathnames
1553 longer than PATH_MAX characters.
1555 n. Fixed a memory leak caused when creating multiple local array variables
1556 with identical names.
1558 o. Fixed a problem with calls to getcwd() so that bash now operates better
1559 when the full pathname to the current directory is longer than PATH_MAX
1562 p. The `trap' builtin now reports an error if a single non-signal argument
1565 q. Fixed a bug that caused `umask' to not work correctly when presented
1566 with a mask of all 0s.
1568 r. When `getopts' reaches the end of options, OPTARG is unset, as POSIX
1571 s. Interactive mode now depends on whether or not stdin and stderr are
1572 connected to a tty; formerly it was stdin and stdout. POSIX requires
1575 t. Fixed vi-mode completion to work more as POSIX specifies (e.g., doing the
1576 right kind of filename generation).
1578 2. Changes to Readline
1580 a. Fixed a problem that could cause readline to refer to freed memory when
1581 moving between history lines while doing searches.
1583 b. Improvements to the code that expands and displays prompt strings
1584 containing multibyte characters.
1586 c. Fixed a problem with vi-mode not correctly remembering the numeric argument
1587 to the last `c'hange command for later use with `.'.
1589 d. Fixed a bug in vi-mode that caused multi-digit count arguments to work
1592 e. Fixed a problem in vi-mode that caused the last text modification command
1593 to not be remembered across different command lines.
1595 f. Fixed problems with changing characters and changing case at the end of
1598 3. New Features in Bash
1600 a. The `jobs', `kill', and `wait' builtins now accept job control notation
1601 even if job control is not enabled.
1603 b. The historical behavior of `trap' that allows a missing `action' argument
1604 to cause each specified signal's handling to be reset to its default is
1605 now only supported when `trap' is given a single non-option argument.
1607 4. New Features in Readline
1609 a. When listing completions, directories have a `/' appended if the
1610 `mark-directories' option has been enabled.
1612 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1613 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-beta1,
1614 and the previous version, bash-3.0-alpha.
1618 a. Fixes to build correctly when arrays are not compiled into the shell.
1620 b. Fixed command substitution to run any exit trap defined in the command
1621 substitution before returning; the exit trap is not inherited from the
1624 c. Fixes to process group synchronization code so that every child process
1625 attempts to set the terminal's process group; fixes some synchronization
1626 problems on Linux kernels that schedule the child to always run before
1629 d. Fixed processing of octal and hex constants in printf builtin for POSIX.2
1632 e. Fixed a couple of core dumps in the pattern removal code.
1634 f. Fixes to the array subrange extraction code to deal better with sparse
1637 g. Parser errors and other errors that result in the shell exiting now cause
1638 the exit trap to be run.
1640 h. Change the command substitution completion functions to not append any
1641 closing quote, because it would be inserted a closing "`" or ")".
1643 i. Fix history initialization so assignments to $histchars made in startup
1646 j. If an exit trap does not contain a call to `exit', the shell now uses
1647 the exit status of the last command executed before the trap as the exit
1648 status of the shell.
1650 k. The parser now prompts with $PS2 if it reads a newline while parsing a
1651 compound array assignment statement.
1653 l. When performing a compound array assignment, the parser doesn't treat
1654 words of the form [index]=value as assignments if they're the result of
1657 m. Fixed a bug that caused `return' executed in a trap command to make the
1658 shell think it was still running the trap.
1660 n. Fixed the value of errno set by the pathname canonicalization functions.
1662 o. Changed the grammar so that `time' alone on a line times a null command
1663 rather than being a syntax error.
1665 p. The pattern substitution code no longer performs quote removal on the
1666 pattern before trying to match it, as the pattern removal functions do.
1668 q. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when checking whether a quoted
1669 command name was being completed.
1671 r. Fixes to the pattern removal and pattern replacement expansions to deal
1672 with multibyte characters better (and faster).
1674 s. Fix to the substring expansion (${param:off[:len]}) to deal with (possibly
1675 multibyte) characters instead of raw bytes.
1677 t. Fixed a bug that caused some key bindings set in an inputrc to be ignored
1680 u. Fixed a bug that caused unsetting a local variable within a function to
1683 v. Fixed a bug that caused invalid variables to be created when using
1686 w. Fixed a bug that caused "$@" to expand incorrectly when used as the right
1687 hand side of a parameter expansion such as ${word:="$@"} if the first
1688 character of $IFS was not a space.
1690 x. Fixed a slight cosmetic problem when printing commands containing a
1691 `>&word' redirection.
1693 y. Fixed a problem that could cause here documents to not be created correctly
1694 if the system temporary directory did not allow writing.
1696 2. Changes to Readline
1698 a. Change to history expansion functions to treat `^' as equivalent to word
1699 one, as the documention states.
1701 b. Some changes to the display code to improve display and redisplay of
1702 multibyte characters.
1704 c. Changes to speed up the multibyte character redisplay code.
1706 d. Fixed a bug in the vi-mode `E' command that caused it to skip over the
1707 last character of a word if invoked while point was on the word's
1708 next-to-last character.
1710 e. Fixed a bug that could cause incorrect filename quoting when
1711 case-insensitive completion was enabled and the word being completed
1712 contained backslashes quoting word break characters.
1714 f. Fixed a bug in redisplay triggered when the prompt string contains
1715 invisible characters.
1717 g. Fixed some display (and other) bugs encountered in multibyte locales
1718 when a non-ascii character was the last character on a line.
1720 h. Fixed some display bugs caused by multibyte characters in prompt strings.
1722 i. Fixed a problem with history expansion caused by non-whitespace characters
1723 used as history word delimiters.
1725 3. New Features in Bash
1727 a. printf builtin understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?.
1729 b. `echo -e' understands two new escape sequences: \" and \?.
1731 c. The GNU `gettext' package and libintl have been integrated; the shell's
1732 messages can be translated into different languages.
1734 d. The `\W' prompt expansion now abbreviates $HOME as `~', like `\w'.
1736 e. The error message printed when bash cannot open a shell script supplied
1737 as argument 1 now includes the name of the shell, to better identify
1738 the error as coming from bash.
1740 4. New Features in Readline
1742 a. New application variable, rl_completion_quote_character, set to any
1743 quote character readline finds before it calls the application completion
1746 b. New application variable, rl_completion_suppress_quote, settable by an
1747 application completion function. If set to non-zero, readline does not
1748 attempt to append a closing quote to a completed word.
1750 c. New application variable, rl_completion_found_quote, set to a non-zero
1751 value if readline determines that the word to be completed is quoted.
1752 Set before readline calls any application completion function.
1754 d. New function hook, rl_completion_word_break_hook, called when readline
1755 needs to break a line into words when completion is attempted. Allows
1756 the word break characters to vary based on position in the line.
1758 e. New bindable command: unix-filename-rubout. Does the same thing as
1759 unix-word-rubout, but adds `/' to the set of word delimiters.
1761 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1762 This document details the changes between this version, bash-3.0-alpha,
1763 and the previous version, bash-2.05b-release.
1767 a. Fixes so that the shell will compile without some of the default options
1770 b. Fixed an error message that did not pass enough arguments to printf.
1772 c. Fixed a bug that caused input redirection to a builtin inside a script
1773 being read from standard input to result in the rest of the already-
1774 read and buffered script to be discarded.
1776 d. Fixed a bug that caused subshell initialization to close the file
1777 descriptor from which the shell was reading a script under certain
1780 e. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to not advance a string pointer over
1781 a null wide character when doing string operations.
1783 f. Fixed the internal logout code so that shells that time out waiting for
1784 input (using $TMOUT) run ~/.bash_logout.
1786 g. Portability and configuration changes for: cygwin, HP/UX, GNU/FreeBSD.
1788 h. The parser no longer adds implicit double quotes to ((...)) arithmetic
1791 i. The ((...)) arithmetic command evaluation code was fixed to not dump core
1792 when the expanded string is null.
1794 j. The ((...)) arithmetic command evaluation code was fixed to not perform
1795 variable assignments while expanding the expression.
1797 k. Fixed a bug that caused word splitting to be performed incorrectly when
1798 IFS is set, but null.
1800 l. Fixed a bug in brace expansion that caused a quoted `$' preceding an
1801 open brace to inhibit brace expansion.
1803 m. Fixed a bug that caused a leading `-' in the shell's name to cause it to
1804 not be recognized as a restricted shell.
1806 n. Fixed a bug in the arithmetic evaluation code that could cause longjmps
1807 to an invalid location and result in a core dump.
1809 o. Fixed a bug in the calculation of how many history lines are new in a
1810 single shell session when reading new history lines from a file with
1813 p. Fixed a bug in pathname canonicalization that caused the shell to dump
1814 core when presented with a pathname longer than PATH_MAX.
1816 q. Fixed the parser so that it doesn't try to compare a char variable to
1817 EOF, which fails when chars are unsigned.
1819 r. Fixed a bug in the simple command execution code that caused occasional
1822 s. The shell does a better job of saving any partial parsing state during
1823 operations which cause a command to be executed while a line is being
1826 t. The completion code now splits words more like the expansion code when
1827 $IFS is used to split.
1829 u. The locale code does a better job of recomputing the various locale
1830 variable values when LC_ALL is unset.
1832 v. The programmable completion code does a better job of dequoting expanded
1833 word lists before comparing them against the word to be matched.
1835 w. The shell no longer seg faults if the expanded value of $PS4 is null
1836 and `set -x' is enabled.
1838 x. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when a here string expanded to NULL.
1840 y. The mail checking code now makes sure the mailbox is bigger before
1841 reporting the existence of new mail.
1843 z. The parser does not try to expand $'...' and $"..." when the appear
1844 within double quotes unless the `extquote' option has been enabled with
1845 `shopt'. For backwards compatibility, it is enabled by default.
1847 aa. Fixed a bug that caused `for x; do ...' and `select x; do ... to use
1848 $@ instead of "$@" for the implicit list of arguments.
1850 bb. Fixed a bug that caused a subshell of a restricted shell (e.g., one
1851 spawned to execute a pipeline) to not exit immediately if attempting
1852 to use a command containing a slash.
1854 cc. Fixed a problem with empty replacements for a pattern that doesn't match
1855 when performing ${param/word/} expansion.
1857 dd. Word expansions performed while expanding redirections no longer search
1858 a command's temporary environment to expand variable values.
1860 ee. Improvements to the alias expansion code when expanding subsequent words
1861 because an aliase's value ends with a space.
1863 ff. `cd -' now prints the current working directory after a successful chdir
1864 even when the shell is not interactive, as the standard requires.
1866 gg. The shell does a better job of ensuring a child process dies of SIGINT
1867 before resending SIGINT to itself.
1869 hh. The arithmetic expansion variable assignment code now does the right
1870 thing when assigning to `special' variables like OPTIND.
1872 ii. When history expansion verification is enabled, the bash readline helper
1873 functions that do history expansion on the current line don't print
1876 jj. Fixed bugs with multiple consecutive alias expansion when one of the
1877 expansions ends with a space.
1879 kk. Fixed a problem in the programmable completion code that could cause core
1880 dumps when trying to initialize a set of possible completions from a
1883 ll. The \[ and \] escape characters are now ignored when decoding the prompt
1884 string if the shell is started with editing disabled.
1886 mm. Fixed a bug that could leave extra characters in a string when doing
1887 quoted null character removal.
1889 nn. Command substitution and other subshell operations no longer reset the
1890 line number (aids the bash debugger).
1892 oo. Better line number management when executing simple commands, conditional
1893 commands, for commands, and select commands.
1895 pp. The globbing code now uses malloc, with its better failure properties,
1896 rather than alloca().
1898 qq. Fixed a bug that caused expansions like #{a[2]:=value} to create the
1899 appropriate array element instead of a variable named `a[2]'.
1901 rr. Fixed a bug in the handling of a `?(...)' pattern immediately following
1902 a `*' when extglob is enabled.
1904 ss. Fixed a bug that caused a `return' invoked in an exit trap when exit is
1905 invoked in a function to misbehave.
1907 tt. Fixed a bug that caused CTLESC and CTLNUL characters to not be escaped
1908 by the internal shell string quoting functions.
1910 uu. Fixed a bug that caused quoted null characters in an expanded word list
1911 to be inappropriately assigned to an array variable when using `read -a'.
1913 vv. Fixed a bug that caused redirections accompanying a null command to persist
1914 in the current shell.
1916 ww. Fixed a bug that caused the prompt to be printed when the shell was
1917 expanding a multiline alias.
1919 xx. Fixed a bug that resulted in core dumps when the completion for a command
1920 changed the compspec.
1922 yy. Fixed a bug that caused evaluation of programmable completions to print
1923 notifications of completed jobs.
1925 zz. Bash now disables line editing when $EMACS == `t' and $TERM == `dumb'
1926 (which is what emacs shell windows do).
1928 aaa. In posix mode, `kill -l' causes signal names to be displayed without
1931 bbb. Clear error flag on standard output so it doesn't persist across multiple
1934 ccc. In posix mode, `alias' displays alias values without the leading `alias',
1935 so the output cannot be used as subsequent input.
1937 ddd. In posix mode, the `trap' builtin doesn't check whether or not its
1938 first argument is a signal specification and revert the signal handling
1939 to its original disposition if it is.
1941 eee. Fixed several bugs in the handling of "$*" and "${array[*]}" by the
1942 pattern substitution and removal expansions.
1944 fff. Fixed several problems with the handling of ${array[@]}, ${array[*]},
1945 $@, and $* by the indirect variable expansion code.
1947 ggg. Fixed a bug that did not allow `time' to be aliased.
1949 hhh. Improved the mail checking code so it won't check (and possibly cause an
1950 NFS file system mount) until MAILPATH or MAIL is given a value -- there
1951 is no default if DEFAULT_MAIL_DIRECTORY is not defined at compile time.
1952 (It is computed by configure, but can be #undef'd in config-bot.h.)
1954 iii. If the `chkwinsize' option is enabled, the shell checks for window size
1955 changes if a child process exits due to a signal.
1957 jjj. Removed the attempts to avoid adding a slash at the end of a completed
1958 executable name if there was a directory with the same name in the
1961 kkk. Fixed PATH lookup code so it treats the permission bits separately for
1962 owner, group, and other, rather than checking them all.
1964 lll. Fixed the locale code to reset the parser's idea of the character class
1965 <blank>, which controls how it splits tokens, when the locale changes.
1967 mmm. The shell now binds its special readline functions and key bindings only
1968 if the user's inputrc file has not already bound them.
1970 nnn. The shell now reports on processes that dump core due to signals when
1971 invoked as `-c command'.
1973 2. Changes to Readline
1975 a. Fixes to avoid core dumps because of null pointer references in the
1976 multibyte character code.
1978 b. Fix to avoid infinite recursion caused by certain key combinations.
1980 c. Fixed a bug that caused the vi-mode `last command' to be set incorrectly.
1982 d. Readline no longer tries to read ahead more than one line of input, even
1983 when more is available.
1985 e. Fixed the code that adjusts the point to not mishandle null wide
1988 f. Fixed a bug in the history expansion `g' modifier that caused it to skip
1991 g. Fixed a bug that caused the prompt to overwrite previous output when the
1992 output doesn't contain a newline and the locale supports multibyte
1993 characters. This same change fixes the problem of readline redisplay
1994 slowing down dramatically as the line gets longer in multibyte locales.
1996 h. History traversal with arrow keys in vi insertion mode causes the cursor
1997 to be placed at the end of the new line, like in emacs mode.
1999 i. The locale initialization code does a better job of using the right
2000 precedence and defaulting when checking the appropriate environment
2003 j. Fixed the history word tokenizer to handle <( and >( better when used as
2006 k. The overwrite mode code received several bug fixes to improve undo.
2008 l. Many speedups to the multibyte character redisplay code.
2010 m. The callback character reading interface should not hang waiting to read
2013 n. Fixed a bug with redoing vi-mode `s' command.
2015 o. The code that initializes the terminal tracks changes made to the terminal
2016 special characters with stty(1) (or equivalent), so that these changes
2017 are reflected in the readline bindings. New application-callable function
2018 to make it work: rl_tty_unset_default_bindings().
2020 p. Fixed a bug that could cause garbage to be inserted in the buffer when
2021 changing character case in vi mode when using a multibyte locale.
2023 q. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code that caused problems on systems
2024 supporting multibyte characters when moving between history lines when the
2025 new line has more glyphs but fewer bytes.
2027 r. Undo and redo now work better after exiting vi insertion mode.
2029 s. Make sure system calls are restarted after a SIGWINCH is received using
2032 t. Improvements to the code that displays possible completions when using
2033 multibyte characters.
2035 u. Fixed a problem when parsing nested if statements in inputrc files.
2037 v. The completer now takes multibyte characters into account when looking for
2038 quoted substrings on which to perform completion.
2040 w. The history search functions now perform better bounds checking on the
2043 3. New Features in Bash
2045 a. ANSI string expansion now implements the \x{hexdigits} escape.
2047 b. There is a new loadable `strftime' builtin.
2049 c. New variable, COMP_WORDBREAKS, which controls the readline completer's
2050 idea of word break characters.
2052 d. The `type' builtin no longer reports on aliases unless alias expansion
2053 will actually be performed.
2055 e. HISTCONTROL is now a colon-separated list of values, which permits
2056 more extensibility and backwards compatibility.
2058 f. HISTCONTROL may now include the `erasedups' option, which causes all lines
2059 matching a line being added to be removed from the history list.
2061 g. `configure' has a new `--enable-multibyte' argument that permits multibyte
2062 character support to be disabled even on systems that support it.
2064 h. New variables to support the bash debugger: BASH_ARGC, BASH_ARGV,
2065 BASH_SOURCE, BASH_LINENO, BASH_SUBSHELL, BASH_EXECUTION_STRING,
2068 i. FUNCNAME has been changed to support the debugger: it's now an array
2071 j. for, case, select, arithmetic commands now keep line number information
2074 k. There is a new `RETURN' trap executed when a function or sourced script
2075 returns (not inherited child processes; inherited by command substitution
2076 if function tracing is enabled and the debugger is active).
2078 l. New invocation option: --debugger. Enables debugging and turns on new
2079 `extdebug' shell option.
2081 m. New `functrace' and `errtrace' options to `set -o' cause DEBUG and ERR
2082 traps, respectively, to be inherited by shell functions. Equivalent to
2083 `set -T' and `set -E' respectively. The `functrace' option also controls
2084 whether or not the DEBUG trap is inherited by sourced scripts.
2086 n. The DEBUG trap is run before binding the variable and running the action
2087 list in a `for' command, binding the selection variable and running the
2088 query in a `select' command, and before attempting a match in a `case'
2091 o. New `--enable-debugger' option to `configure' to compile in the debugger
2094 p. `declare -F' now prints out extra line number and source file information
2095 if the `extdebug' option is set.
2097 q. If `extdebug' is enabled, a non-zero return value from a DEBUG trap causes
2098 the next command to be skipped, and a return value of 2 while in a
2099 function or sourced script forces a `return'.
2101 r. New `caller' builtin to provide a call stack for the bash debugger.
2103 s. The DEBUG trap is run just before the first command in a function body is
2104 executed, for the debugger.
2106 t. `for', `select', and `case' command heads are printed when `set -x' is
2109 u. There is a new {x..y} brace expansion, which is shorthand for {x.x+1,
2110 x+2,...,y}. x and y can be integers or single characters; the sequence
2111 may ascend or descend; the increment is always 1.
2113 v. New ksh93-like ${!array[@]} expansion, expands to all the keys (indices)
2116 w. New `force_fignore' shopt option; if enabled, suffixes specified by
2117 FIGNORE cause words to be ignored when performing word completion even
2118 if they're the only possibilities.
2120 x. New `gnu_errfmt' shopt option; if enabled, error messages follow the `gnu
2121 style' (filename:lineno:message) format.
2123 y. New `-o bashdefault' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes the
2124 whole set of bash completions to be performed if the compspec doesn't
2127 z. New `-o plusdirs' option to complete and compgen; if set, causes directory
2128 name completion to be performed and the results added to the rest of the
2129 possible completions.
2131 aa. `kill' is available as a builtin even when the shell is built without
2134 bb. New HISTTIMEFORMAT variable; value is a format string to pass to
2135 strftime(3). If set and not null, the `history' builtin prints out
2136 timestamp information according to the specified format when displaying
2137 history entries. If set, bash tells the history library to write out
2138 timestamp information when the history file is written.
2140 cc. The [[ ... ]] command has a new binary `=~' operator that performs
2141 extended regular expression (egrep-like) matching.
2143 dd. `configure' has a new `--enable-cond-regexp' option (enabled by default)
2144 to enable the =~ operator and regexp matching in [[ ... ]].
2146 ee. Subexpressions matched by the =~ operator are placed in the new
2147 BASH_REMATCH array variable.
2149 ff. New `failglob' option that causes an expansion error when pathname
2150 expansion fails to produce a match.
2152 gg. New `set -o pipefail' option that causes a pipeline to return a failure
2153 status if any of the processes in the pipeline fail, not just the last
2156 4. New Features in Readline
2158 a. History expansion has a new `a' modifier equivalent to the `g' modifier
2159 for compatibility with the BSD csh.
2161 b. History expansion has a new `G' modifier equivalent to the BSD csh `g'
2162 modifier, which performs a substitution once per word.
2164 c. All non-incremental search operations may now undo the operation of
2165 replacing the current line with the history line.
2167 d. The text inserted by an `a' command in vi mode can be reinserted with
2170 e. New bindable variable, `show-all-if-unmodified'. If set, the readline
2171 completer will list possible completions immediately if there is more
2172 than one completion and partial completion cannot be performed.
2174 f. There is a new application-callable `free_history_entry()' function.
2176 g. History list entries now contain timestamp information; the history file
2177 functions know how to read and write timestamp information associated
2180 h. Four new key binding functions have been added:
2182 rl_bind_key_if_unbound()
2183 rl_bind_key_if_unbound_in_map()
2184 rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound()
2185 rl_bind_keyseq_if_unbound_in_map()
2187 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2188 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-release,
2189 and the previous version, bash-2.05b-beta2.
2193 a. Fixed an off-by-one error in the function that translates job
2196 b. Note that we're running under Emacs and disable line editing if
2199 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2200 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-beta2,
2201 and the previous version, bash-2.05b-beta1.
2205 a. Fixed the /= and %= arithmetic operators to catch division by zero.
2207 b. Added putenv, setenv, unsetenv to getenv replacement for completeness.
2209 c. Fixed a bug that could cause the -O expand_aliases invocation option
2212 d. Fixed a problem with process substitution that resulted in incorrect
2213 behavior when the number of process substitutions in an individual
2214 command approached 64.
2216 2. Changes to Readline
2218 a. Fixed a problem with backward-char-search when on a system with support
2219 for multibyte characters when running in a locale without any multibyte
2222 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2223 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-beta1,
2224 and the previous version, bash-2.05b-alpha1.
2228 a. Fixed a problem when parsing a POSIX.2 character class name while
2229 evaluating a bracket expression containing multibyte characters.
2231 b. Changed the help text for `bind' to make it clear that any command
2232 that may be placed in ~/.inputrc is a valid argument to `bind'.
2234 c. Added `help' builtin entries for `((', `[[', and arithmetic for.
2236 d. malloc updated again:
2237 o slightly better overflow and underflow detection by putting the
2238 chunk size at the beginning and end of the chunk and making
2239 sure they match in free/realloc
2240 o partial page allocated to make things page-aligned no longer
2242 o block coalescing now enabled by default
2243 o splitting and coalescing enabled for 32-byte chunks, the most
2244 common size requested
2245 o fixed a problem that resulted in spurious underflow messages and
2247 o bin sizes are precomputed and stored in an array rather than
2248 being computed at run time
2249 o malloc will return memory blocks back to the system if the block
2250 being freed is at the top of the heap and of sufficient size to
2252 o malloc/free/realloc now inline memset instead of calling the
2253 libc function; uses Duff's device for good performance
2255 e. Check for getservent(); make the service name completion code dependent
2258 f. Changed the readline callback that executes a command bound to a key
2259 sequence to not save the executed command on the history list and to
2260 save and restore the parsing state.
2262 g. Changes to lib/sh/snprintf.c: fixed some bugs in the `g' and `G'
2263 floating point format display; implemented the "'" flag character
2264 that turns on thousands' grouping; fixed behavior on systems where
2265 MB_CUR_MAX does not evaluate to a constant.
2267 h. The `unset' builtin no longer returns a failure status when asked to
2268 unset a previously-unset variable or function.
2270 i. Changes to the build system to make it easier to cross-compile bash
2271 for different systems.
2273 j. Added `,' to the characters that are backslash-escaped during filename
2274 completion, to avoid problems with complete-into-braces and RCS filenames
2277 k. Some changes to the multibyte character support code to avoid many calls
2280 l. Bash now correctly honors setting LANG to some value when LC_ALL does not
2281 already have a value.
2283 m. Fixed a bug that could cause SIGSEGV when processing nested traps with
2286 n. The `source/.' builtin now restores the positional parameters when it
2287 returns unless they were changed using the `set' builtin during the file's
2290 o. Fixed a bug that caused a syntax error when a command was terminated by
2293 2. New Features in Bash
2295 a. There is now support for placing the long help text into separate files
2296 installed into ${datadir}/bash. Not enabled by default; can be turned
2297 on with `--enable-separate-helpfiles' option to configure.
2299 b. All builtins that take operands accept a `--' pseudo-option, except
2302 c. The `echo' builtin now accepts \0xxx (zero to three octal digits following
2303 the `0') in addition to \xxx (one to three octal digits) for SUSv3/XPG6/
2304 POSIX.1-2001 compliance.
2306 3. Changes to Readline
2308 a. Fixed a small problem in _rl_insert_char with multibyte characters.
2310 b. Fixes from IBM for line wrapping problems when using multibyte characters.
2312 c. Fixed a problem which caused the display to be messed up when the last
2313 line of a multi-line prompt (possibly containing invisible characters)
2314 was longer than the screen width.
2316 d. Fixed a problem with the vi-mode `r' command that ocurred on systems with
2317 support for multibyte characters when running in a locale without any
2318 multibyte characters.
2320 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2321 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05b-alpha1,
2322 and the previous version, bash-2.05a-release.
2326 a. Some changes to work around inlining differences between compilers.
2328 b. Added more prototypes for internal shell typedefs, to catch argument
2329 passing errors when using pointers to functions.
2331 c. The `cd' builtin now fails in posix mode when a valid directory cannot be
2332 constructed from a relative pathname argument and the $PWD using pathname
2333 canonicalization, and the -P option has not been supplied. Previously,
2334 the shell would attempt to use what the user typed, leading to weird
2335 values for $PWD and discrepancies between the value of $PWD and the
2336 actual working directory.
2338 d. The `cd' builtin now resets $PWD when canonicalization fails but a chdir
2339 to the pathname passed as an argument succeeds (when not in posix mode).
2341 e. The `fc' builtin has been fixed, as POSIX requires, to use the closest
2342 history position in range when given an out-of-range argument.
2344 f. The history file loading code was changed to allow lines to be saved in
2345 the history list from the shell startup files.
2347 g. `history -s args' now works better in compound commands.
2349 h. The tilde expansion code was fixed to better recognize when it's being
2350 invoked in an assignment context, which enables expansion after `='
2353 i. Fixed the command name completion code so a slash is no longer appended
2354 to a single match if there happens to be a directory with that name in
2357 j. Fixed compound array assignment to no longer perform alias expansion, to
2358 allow reserved words as array members, and to not produce extra output
2359 when the `-v' option had been enabled.
2361 k. Fixed the programmable completion code to better handle newlines in lists
2362 of possible completions (e.g., `complete -W').
2364 l. Removed the reserved words from the `bash-builtins' manual page.
2366 m. Parser error reporting now attempts to do a better job of identifying the
2367 token in error rather than doing straight textual analysis.
2369 n. Fixes for Inf/NaN, locales, wide/multibyte characters and zero-length
2370 arguments in the library snprintf(3) replacement.
2372 o. `read -e' no longer does command name completion on the first word on
2373 the line being read.
2375 p. `select' now returns failure if the read of the user's selection fails.
2377 q. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when setting $PIPESTATUS.
2379 r. Fixes to not allocate so many job slots when the shell is running a loop
2380 with job control enabled in a subshell of an interactive shell.
2382 s. Fixed a bug in the trap code that caused traps to be inherited by
2383 command substitutions in some cases.
2385 t. Fixed a bug that could cause alias expansion to inappropriately expand
2386 the word following the alias.
2388 u. Fixed a bug in the `kill' builtin that mishandled negative pid arguments.
2390 v. The parser is less lenient when parsing assignment statements where the
2391 characters before the `=' don't comprise a valid identifier.
2393 w. The arithmetic expression evaluation code now honors the setting of the
2394 `-u' option when expanding variable names.
2396 x. Fixed the arithmetic evaluation code to allow array subscripts to be
2397 assigned (`let b[7]=42') and auto-incremented and auto-decremented
2400 y. Reimplemented the existing prompt string date and time expansions using
2401 strftime(3), which changed the output of \@ in some locales.
2403 z. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when a special shell variable
2404 (like RANDOM) was converted to an array with a variable assignment.
2406 aa. Fixed a bug that would reset the handler for a signal the user had
2407 trapped to a function that would exit the shell when setting the exit
2408 trap in a non-interactive shell.
2410 bb. Changed the execve(2) wrapper code to check whether or not a failing
2411 command is a directory before looking at whether a `#!' interpreter
2412 failed for some reason.
2414 cc. Fixed a bug in the command printing code so it no longer inserts a `;'
2415 after a newline, which produces a syntax error when reused as input.
2417 dd. The code that expands $PS4 no longer inherits the `-x' flag.
2419 ee. The bash-specific completion functions may now take advantage of the
2420 double-TAB and M-? features of the standard readline completion
2423 ff. The mail checking code no longer prints a message if the checked file's
2424 size has not increased, even if the access time is less than the modification time.
2426 gg. Rewrote the variable symbol table code: there is now a stack of
2427 contexts, each possibly including a separate symbol table; there can
2428 be more than one temporary environment supplied to nested invocations
2429 of `./source'; the temporary environments no longer require so much
2430 special-case code; shell functions now handle the temporary environment
2431 and local variables more consistently; function scope exit is faster now
2432 that the entire symbol table does not have to be traversed to dispose of
2433 local variables; it is now easier to push vars from the temporary
2434 environment to the shell's variable table in posix mode; some duplicated
2435 code has been removed.
2437 hh. Regularized the error message printing code; builtin_error is now called
2438 more consistently, and common error message strings are handled by small
2439 functions. This should make eventual message translation easier.
2441 ii. Error messages now include the line number in a script when the shell
2444 jj. Array subscript expansion now takes place even when the array variable is
2445 unset, so side effects will take place.
2447 kk. Fixed a bug in the SICGHLD child-reaping code so that it won't find
2448 jobs already marked as terminated if the OS reuses pids quickly enough.
2450 ll. Fixed a bug that could cause a signal to not interrupt the `wait'
2451 builtin while it was waiting for a background process to terminate.
2453 mm. A couple of changes to make it easier for multiple shells to share history
2454 files using `history -n', `history -r', and `history -w'.
2456 nn. The `getopts' builtin always increments OPTIND to point to the next
2457 option to be handled when an option is returned, whether it's valid
2458 or not, as POSIX 1003.x-2001 requires.
2460 oo. Changed some parts of the expansion code to avoid allocating and
2461 immediately freeing memory without using the results for anything.
2463 pp. The shell now keeps track of $IFS internally, updating its internal map
2464 each time the variable is assigned a new value (or at local scope exit).
2465 This saves thousands of hash lookups for IFS, which, while individually
2468 qq. Rewrote the hash table code: searching and insertion are much faster now,
2469 and it uses a better string hashing function; augmented the function
2470 interface to simplify other parts of the code and remove duplicated code
2472 rr. The shell now uses a simple, generic `object cache' for allocating and
2473 caching words and word lists, which were the major users of
2476 ss. Fixed the assignment statement parsing code to allow whitespace and
2477 newlines in subscripts when performing array element assignment.
2479 tt. The shell now issues many fewer calls to sigprocmask and other signal
2480 masking system calls.
2482 uu. Fixed the `test' and conditional command file comparison operators to
2483 work right when one file has a non-positive timestamp and the other
2486 vv. Fixed some cases where the special characters '\001' and '\177' in the
2487 values of variables or positional parameters caused incorrect expansion
2490 2. Changes to Readline
2492 a. Fixed output of comment-begin character when listing variable values.
2494 b. Added some default key bindings for common escape sequences produced by
2497 c. Fixed the mark handling code to be more emacs-compatible.
2499 d. A bug was fixed in the code that prints possible completions to keep it
2500 from printing empty strings in certain circumstances.
2502 e. Change the key sequence printing code to print ESC as M\- if ESC is a
2503 meta-prefix character -- it's easier for users to understand than \e.
2505 f. Fixed unstifle_history() to return values that match the documentation.
2507 g. Fixed the event loop (rl_event_hook) to handle the case where the input
2508 file descriptor is invalidated.
2510 h. Fixed the prompt display code to work better when the application has a
2511 custom redisplay function.
2513 i. Changes to make reading and writing the history file a little faster, and
2514 to cope with huge history files without calling abort(3) from xmalloc.
2516 j. The vi-mode `S' and `s' commands are now undone correctly.
2518 3. New Features in Bash
2520 a. If set, TMOUT is the default timeout for the `read' builtin.
2522 b. `type' has two new options: `-f' suppresses shell function lookup, and
2523 `-P' forces a $PATH search.
2525 c. New code to handle multibyte characters.
2527 d. `select' was changed to be more ksh-compatible, in that the menu is
2528 reprinted each time through the loop only if REPLY is set to NULL.
2529 The previous behavior is available as a compile-time option.
2531 e. `complete -d' and `complete -o dirnames' now force a slash to be
2532 appended to names which are symlinks to directories.
2534 f. There is now a bindable edit-and-execute-command readline command,
2535 like the vi-mode `v' command, bound to C-xC-e in emacs mode.
2537 g. Added support for ksh93-like [:word:] character class in pattern matching.
2539 h. The $'...' quoting construct now expands \cX to Control-X.
2541 i. A new \D{...} prompt expansion; passes the `...' to strftime and inserts
2542 the result into the expanded prompt.
2544 j. The shell now performs arithmetic in the largest integer size the
2545 machine supports (intmax_t), instead of long.
2547 k. If a numeric argument is supplied to one of the bash globbing completion
2548 functions, a `*' is appended to the word before expansion is attempted.
2550 l. The bash globbing completion functions now allow completions to be listed
2551 with double tabs or if `show-all-if-ambiguous' is set.
2553 m. New `-o nospace' option for `complete' and `compgen' builtins; suppresses
2554 readline's appending a space to the completed word.
2556 n. New `here-string' redirection operator: <<< word.
2558 o. When displaying variables, function attributes and definitions are shown
2559 separately, allowing them to be re-used as input (attempting to re-use
2560 the old output would result in syntax errors).
2562 p. There is a new configuration option `--enable-mem-scramble', controls
2563 bash malloc behavior of writing garbage characters into memory at
2564 allocation and free time.
2566 q. The `complete' and `compgen' builtins now have a new `-s/-A service'
2567 option to complete on names from /etc/services.
2569 r. `read' has a new `-u fd' option to read from a specified file descriptor.
2571 s. Fix the completion code so that expansion errors in a directory name
2572 don't cause a longjmp back to the command loop.
2574 t. Fixed word completion inside command substitution to work a little more
2577 u. The `printf' %q format specifier now uses $'...' quoting to print the
2578 argument if it contains non-printing characters.
2580 v. The `declare' and `typeset' builtins have a new `-t' option. When applied
2581 to functions, it causes the DEBUG trap to be inherited by the named
2582 function. Currently has no effect on variables.
2584 w. The DEBUG trap is now run *before* simple commands, ((...)) commands,
2585 [[...]] conditional commands, and for ((...)) loops.
2587 x. The expansion of $LINENO inside a shell function is only relative to the
2588 function start if the shell is interactive -- if the shell is running a
2589 script, $LINENO expands to the line number in the script. This is as
2590 POSIX-2001 requires.
2592 y. The bash debugger in examples/bashdb has been modified to work with the
2593 new DEBUG trap semantics, the command set has been made more gdb-like,
2594 and the changes to $LINENO make debugging functions work better. Code
2597 z. New [n]<&word- and [n]>&word- redirections from ksh93 -- move fds (dup
2600 aa. There is a new `-l' invocation option, equivalent to `--login'.
2602 bb. The `hash' builtin has a new `-l' option to list contents in a reusable
2603 format, and a `-d' option to remove a name from the hash table.
2605 4. New Features in Readline
2607 a. Support for key `subsequences': allows, e.g., ESC and ESC-a to both
2608 be bound to readline functions. Now the arrow keys may be used in vi
2611 b. When listing completions, and the number of lines displayed is more than
2612 the screen length, readline uses an internal pager to display the results.
2613 This is controlled by the `page-completions' variable (default on).
2615 c. New code to handle editing and displaying multibyte characters.
2617 d. The behavior introduced in bash-2.05a of deciding whether or not to
2618 append a slash to a completed name that is a symlink to a directory has
2619 been made optional, controlled by the `mark-symlinked-directories'
2620 variable (default is the 2.05a behavior).
2622 e. The `insert-comment' command now acts as a toggle if given a numeric
2623 argument: if the first characters on the line don't specify a
2624 comment, insert one; if they do, delete the comment text
2626 f. New application-settable completion variable:
2627 rl_completion_mark_symlink_dirs, allows an application's completion
2628 function to temporarily override the user's preference for appending
2629 slashes to names which are symlinks to directories.
2631 g. New function available to application completion functions:
2632 rl_completion_mode, to tell how the completion function was invoked
2633 and decide which argument to supply to rl_complete_internal (to list
2636 h. Readline now has an overwrite mode, toggled by the `overwrite-mode'
2637 bindable command, which could be bound to `Insert'.
2639 i. New application-settable completion variable:
2640 rl_completion_suppress_append, inhibits appending of
2641 rl_completion_append_character to completed words.
2643 j. New key bindings when reading an incremental search string: ^W yanks
2644 the currently-matched word out of the current line into the search
2645 string; ^Y yanks the rest of the current line into the search string,
2646 DEL or ^H deletes characters from the search string.
2648 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2649 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-release,
2650 and the previous version, bash-2.05a-rc1.
2654 a. Fixed the `printf' builtin so that the variable name supplied as an
2655 argument to a %n conversion must be a valid shell identifier.
2657 b. Improved the random number generator slightly.
2659 c. Changes to configuration to not put -I/usr/include into $CFLAGS, since
2660 it messes up some includes.
2662 d. Corrected description of POSIXLY_CORRECT in man page and info manual.
2664 e. Fixed a couple of cases of incorrect function prototypes that sneaked
2665 through and caused compilation problems.
2667 f. A few changes to avoid potential core dumps in the programmable completion
2670 g. Fixed a configure problem that could cause a non-existent file to show
2673 h. Fixed a configure problem that could cause siglist.o to not be built when
2676 i. Changes to the strtoimax and strtoumax replacement functions to work
2677 around buggy compilers.
2679 j. Fixed a problem with the snprintf replacement function that could
2680 potentially cause a core dump.
2682 2. Changes to Readline
2684 a. Fixed a locale-specific problem in the vi-mode `goto mark' command.
2686 b. Fixed Makefile to not put -I/usr/include into CFLAGS, since it can cause
2687 include file problems.
2689 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2690 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-rc1,
2691 and the previous version, bash-2.05a-beta1.
2695 a. Fixed the snprintf replacement to correctly implement the `alternate form'
2696 of the %g and %G conversions.
2698 b. Fixed snprintf to correctly handle the optional precision with the %g and
2701 c. Fixed the arithmetic evaluation code to correct the values of `@' and `_'
2702 when translating base-64 constants (they were backwards).
2704 d. New library functions for formatting long and long long ints.
2706 e. Fixed a few places where negative array subscripts could have occurred,
2707 mostly as the result of systems using signed characters.
2709 f. Fixed a few places that assumed a pid_t was no wider than an int.
2711 g. Fixed the `maildir' mail checking code to work on systems where a
2712 `struct stat' doesn't include an `st_blocks' member.
2714 h. Fixed snprintf to make `unsigned long long' conversion formats (%llu)
2717 i. Fixed snprintf to not print a sign when asked to do an unsigned conversion.
2719 j. Made configure changes to avoid compiling empty source files in lib/sh.
2721 k. New replacement functions (if necessary) for strtoull, strtoll, strtoimax,
2724 l. The `printf' builtin now handles the `ll' and `j' length modifiers
2725 directly, since they can affect the type and width of the argument
2726 passed to printf(3).
2728 m. Renamed a number of the bash-specific autoconf macros in aclocal.m4 to
2729 have more sytematic naming, with accompanying changes to configure.in.
2731 n. Fixed snprintf to handle long doubles and the %a/%A conversions by
2732 falling back to sprintf, as long as sprintf supports them.
2734 o. Fixed return value from vsnprintf/snprintf to be the number of characters
2735 that would have been printed, even if that number exceeds the buffer
2736 size passed as an argument.
2738 p. Bash no longer attempts to define its own versions of some ctype macros
2739 if they are implemented as functions in libc but not as macros in
2742 q. Changed the variable printing code (used by `set', `export', etc.) to
2743 not use the $'...' syntax when in posix mode, since that caused
2744 interoperability problems with other shells (most notably with autoconf).
2745 When not in posix mode, it uses $'...' if the string to be printed
2746 contains non-printing characters and regular single quotes otherwise.
2748 r. snprintf now recognizes the %F conversion.
2750 s. Fixed a bug that could cause the wrong status to be returned by a shell
2751 function when the shell is compiled without job control and a null
2752 command containing a command substutition was executed in the function.
2754 t. When in posix mode, the default value for MAILCHECK is 600.
2756 u. Bash only initializes FUNCNAME, GROUPS, and DIRSTACK as special variables
2757 if they're not in the initial environment.
2759 v. If SECONDS appears in the initial environment with a valid integer value,
2760 bash uses that as the starting value, as if an assignment had been
2763 w. Bash no longer auto-exports HOME, PATH, SHELL, or TERM, even though it
2764 gives them default values if they don't appear in the initial environment.
2766 x. Bash no longer auto-exports HOSTNAME, HOSTTYPE, MACHTYPE, or OSTYPE,
2767 even if it assigns them default values.
2769 y. Bash no longer removes the export attribute from SSH_CLIENT or SSH2_CLIENT
2770 if they appear in the initial environment.
2772 z. Bash no longer attempts to discover if it's being run by sshd in order to
2773 run the startup files. If the SSH_SOURCE_BASHRC is uncommented in
2774 config-top.h it will attempt to do so as previously, but that's commented
2775 out in the distributed version.
2777 aa. Fixed a typo in the code that tests for LC_NUMERIC.
2779 bb. The POSIXLY_CORRECT shell variable and its effects are now documented.
2781 cc. Some changes to several of the support shell scripts included in the
2782 definitions to try to avoid race conditions and attacks.
2784 dd. Several changes to avoid warnings from `gcc -Wall'.
2786 ee. Fixed a problem with the `unset' builtin that could cause incorrect
2787 results if asked to unset a variable and an array subscript in the
2790 ff. A few changes to the shell's temporary file creation code to avoid
2791 potential file descriptor leaks and to prefer the system's idea of
2792 the temporary directory to use.
2794 gg. Fixes to build with the C alloca in lib/malloc/alloca.c if the system
2795 requires it but the shell has been configured --without-bash-malloc.
2797 hh. Updated the documentation to note that only interactive shells resend
2798 SIGHUP to all jobs before exiting.
2800 ii. Fixes to only pass unquoted tilde words to tilde_expand, rather than
2801 rely on tilde_expand or getpwnam(3) to handle the quotes (MacOS 10.x
2802 will remove backslashes in any login name passed to getpwnam(3)).
2804 jj. Small change from Paul Eggert to make LINENO right in commands run with
2807 2. New Features in Bash
2809 a. The `printf' builtin now handles the %a and %A conversions if they're
2810 implemented by printf(3).
2812 b. The `printf' builtin now handles the %F conversion (just about like %f).
2814 c. The `printf' builtin now handles the %n conversion like printf(3). The
2815 corresponding argument is the name of a shell variable to which the
2818 3. Changes to Readline
2820 a. Fixed a few places where negative array subscripts could have occurred.
2822 b. Fixed the vi-mode code to use a better method to determine the bounds of
2823 the array used to hold the marks.
2825 c. Fixed the defines in chardefs.h to work better when chars are signed.
2827 d. Fixed configure.in to use the new names for bash autoconf macros.
2829 e. Readline no longer attempts to define its own versions of some ctype
2830 macros if they are implemented as functions in libc but not as macros in
2833 f. Fixed a problem where rl_backward could possibly set point to before
2834 the beginning of the line.
2836 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2837 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-beta1,
2838 and the previous version, bash-2.05a-alpha1.
2842 a. Fixed a bug in the evalution of arithmetic `for' statements when the
2843 expanded expression is NULL.
2845 b. Fixed an unassigned variable problem in the redirection printing code.
2847 c. Added more prototypes to extern function declarations in the header
2848 files and to static function declarations in C source files.
2850 d. Make sure called functions have a prototype in scope, to get the arguments
2851 and return values right instead of casting. Removed extern function
2852 declarations from C source files that were already included in header
2855 e. Changed some function arguments to use function typedefs in general.h so
2856 the prototypes can be checked. The only use of Function and VFunction
2857 now is for unwind-protects.
2859 f. More const changes to function arguments and appropriate variables.
2861 g. Changed the mail checking support to handle `maildir'-style mail
2864 h. Augmented the bash malloc to pass in the file and line number information
2865 for each malloc, realloc, and free. This should result in better error
2868 i. The `old' gnu malloc is no longer a configuration option.
2870 j. Augmented the bash malloc with optional tracing and registering allocated
2873 k. Prompt string decoding now saves and restores the value of $? when it
2874 expands the prompt string, so command substitutions don't change $?.
2876 i. Array indices are now `long', since shell arithmetic is performed as long,
2877 and the internal arrayind_t type is used consistently.
2879 j. Some more `unsigned char *' fixes from Paul Eggert.
2881 k. Fixed a bad call to builtin_error that could cause core dumps when making
2884 l. `return' may no longer be used to terminate a `select' command, for
2885 compatibility with ksh.
2887 m. Changed code that reads octal numbers to do a better job of detecting
2890 n. The time formatting code no longer uses absolute indices into a buffer,
2891 because the buffer size changes depending on the size of a `time_t'.
2893 o. `umask' now prints four digits when printing in octal mode, for
2894 compatibility with other shells.
2896 p. Lots of changes to the `printf' builtin from Paul Eggert: it handles `L'
2897 formats and long doubles better, and internal functions have been
2898 simpified where appropriate.
2900 q. Some `time_t' fixes for machines were a time_t is bigger than a long.
2902 r. Replaced some bash-specific autoconf macros with standard equivalents.
2904 s. Improvmed the code that constructs temporary filenames to make the
2905 generated names a bit more random.
2907 t. Added code that checks for ascii before calling any of the is* ctype
2910 u. Changed some places where a `char' was used as an array subscript to use
2911 `unsigned char', since a `char' can be negative if it's signed by default.
2913 v. Lots of changes to the `ulimit' builtin from Paul Eggert to add support
2914 for the new POSIX-200x RLIM_SAVED_CUR and RLIM_SAVED_MAX values and
2917 w. `ulimit' now prints the description of a resource in any error message
2918 relating to fetching or setting that resource's limits.
2920 x. The `snprintf' replacement now computes maximum values at compile
2921 time rather than using huge constants for things like long long.
2923 y. Interactive shells now ignore `set -n'.
2925 z. Changed the malloc bookkeeping information so that it's now 8 bytes
2926 instead of 12 on most 32-bit machines (saving 4 bytes per allocation),
2927 restoring 8-byte alignment.
2929 aa. The malloc error reporting code now attempts to print the file and line
2930 number of the call that caused the error.
2932 bb. Changed the redirection error reporting code to catch EBADF errors and
2933 report the file descriptor number rather than the file being redirected
2934 to or from (e.g., things like `exec 4242<x' where 4242 is an out-of-range
2937 cc. `printf', `echo -e', and the $'...' code now process only two hex digits
2938 after a `\x' escape sequence for compatibility with other shells, and
2939 the documentation was changed to note that the octal and hex escape
2940 sequences result in an eight-bit value rather than strict ASCII.
2942 2. Changes to Readline
2944 a. The completion code now attempts to do a better job of preserving the
2945 case of the word the user typed if ignoring case in completions.
2947 b. Readline defaults to not echoing the input and lets the terminal
2948 initialization code enable echoing if there is a controlling terminal.
2950 c. The key binding code now processes only two hex digits after a `\x'
2951 escape sequence, and the documentation was changed to note that the
2952 octal and hex escape sequences result in an eight-bit value rather
2955 3. New Features in Bash
2957 a. The builtin `ulimit' now takes two new non-numeric arguments: `hard',
2958 meaning the current hard limit, and `soft', meaning the current soft
2959 limit, in addition to `unlimited'
2961 b. `ulimit' now prints the option letter associated with a particular
2962 resource when printing more than one limit.
2964 c. `ulimit' prints `hard' or `soft' when a value is not `unlimited' but is
2965 one of RLIM_SAVED_MAX or RLIM_SAVED_CUR, respectively.
2967 4. New Features in Readline
2969 a. New bindable variable `history-preserve-point'. If set, the history
2970 code attempts to place the user at the same location on each history
2971 line retrived with previous-history or next-history.
2973 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2974 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05a-alpha1,
2975 and the previous version, bash-2.05-release.
2979 a. Better checks in the redirection code for write errors.
2981 b. bashbug now uses $TMPDIR, defaulting to /tmp, and uses mktemp(1) more
2984 c. System-specific configuration changes for: Interix, OpenBSD, FreeBSD,
2987 d. Some more `const' cleanups through the code.
2989 e. Fixed a typo in the /dev/fd redirection code, better checks for valid
2990 numeric fds in /dev/fd.
2992 f. Fixed many parts of the shell to handle integer overflow more gracefully
2993 and to do more stringent checks for valid numbers.
2995 g. Fixed mksignames to include config.h.
2997 h. Fixed an uninitialized variable problem that could cause the shell to core
2998 dump when replacing characters in a string.
3000 i. New mechanism for updating the patch level when official patches are
3001 released (patchlevel.h).
3003 j. configure.in changed to no longer require external files _distribution and
3006 k. Fixed non-interactive shell initialization problem when bash started as
3009 l. Fixed printf builtin conversion error handling to be POSIX.2-conformant.
3011 m. autoconf-2.52 is now used to build configure; autoconf-2.50 or newer is
3012 required. Some of the bash-specific macros were removed, since they are
3015 n. Startup files and files read with source or `.' are no longer required to
3018 o. Fixed core dump in builtin printf when user-supplied precision or field
3021 p. Fixed builtin printf to treat a negative field width as a positive field
3022 width with left-justification.
3024 r. New unwind-protect implementation from Paul Eggert.
3026 s. Fixed an inadvertently-unclosed comment in the bash completion code that
3027 caused programmable completions to not add trailing slashes or spaces to
3030 t. Fixed the process substitution code to cope better when stdin is closed.
3032 v. Fixes, mostly from Paul Eggert, for a few possible buffer overflows in
3035 w. Fixes from Paul Eggert to avoid most of the type casts in the shell code,
3036 and use more appropriate types for a number of variables.
3038 x. Command substition no longer inherits the DEBUG trap.
3040 y. Some fixes to the process substition code on machines without /dev/fd so
3041 that named pipes are not removed inappropriately.
3043 z. The loadable `getconf' builtin is now much more complete, and will become
3044 part of the shell in the future.
3046 aa. The select command no longer terminates on a `return', so it can be used
3047 to return from an enclosing function (as ksh does it).
3049 bb. Fixed the extended pattern matching code to behave better when presented
3050 with incorrectly-formed patterns.
3052 cc. Some changes were made with the intent of making cross-compilation easier.
3054 dd. The network code (/dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections) uses getaddrinfo(3)
3055 if it's available, which adds support for IPv6.
3057 ee. Subshells of login shells no longer source ~/.bash_logout when they exit.
3059 ff. Fixes so that subshells don't exit inappropriately if the -e option has
3062 gg. Restricted shells no longer allow functions to be exported.
3064 hh. Changes to the pattern matching code so extended pattern matching works
3065 on systems with deficient shared library implementations, like MacOS X.
3067 ii. Better error messages when a script with a leading `#!interp' fails
3068 to execute because of problems with `interp'.
3070 jj. Fixed `compgen' to handle the `-o default' option better.
3072 kk. Fixed the job control code to force an asynchronous process's standard
3073 input to /dev/null only if job control is not active.
3075 ll. Fixed a possible infinite recursion problem when `fc ""=abc' (a null
3076 pattern) is used to re-execute a previous command.
3078 mm. Fixed `declare [-a] var=value' to assign VALUE to element 0 if VAR is an
3079 array variable. Similarly for `declare [-a] var[N]=value'. This is like
3082 nn. Fixed a bug that caused `read -a aname' to work even if ANAME had been
3085 oo. Fixed a possible integer overflow problem when constructing names for
3088 2. New Features in Bash
3090 a. Added support for DESTDIR installation root prefix, so you can do a
3091 `make install DESTDIR=bash-root' and do easier binary packaging.
3093 b. Added support for builtin printf "'" flag character as per latest POSIX
3096 c. Support for POSIX.2 printf(1) length specifiers `j', `t', and `z' (from
3099 d. New autoconf macro, RL_LIB_READLINE_VERSION, for use by other applications
3100 (bash doesn't use very much of what it returns).
3102 e. `set [-+]o nolog' is recognized as required by the latest POSIX drafts,
3105 f. New read-only `shopt' option: login_shell. Set to non-zero value if the
3106 shell is a login shell.
3108 g. New `\A' prompt string escape sequence; expands to time in 24 HH:MM format.
3110 h. New `-A group/-g' option to complete and compgen; does group name
3113 i. New `-t' option to `hash' to list hash values for each filename argument.
3115 j. New [-+]O invocation option to set and unset `shopt' options at startup.
3117 k. configure's `--with-installed-readline' option now takes an optional
3118 `=PATH' suffix to set the root of the tree where readline is installed
3121 l. The ksh-like `ERR' trap has been added. The `ERR' trap will be run
3122 whenever the shell would have exited if the -e option were enabled.
3123 It is not inherited by shell functions.
3125 m. `readonly', `export', and `declare' now print variables which have been
3126 given attributes but not set by assigning a value as just a command and
3127 a variable name (like `export foo') when listing, as the latest POSIX
3130 n. `bashbug' now requires that the subject be changed from the default.
3132 o. configure has a new `--enable-largefile' option, like other GNU utilities.
3134 p. `for' loops now allow empty word lists after `in', like the latest POSIX
3137 3. Changes to Readline
3139 a. More `const' and type casting fixes.
3141 b. Changed rl_message() to use vsnprintf(3) (if available) to fix buffer
3144 c. The completion code no longer appends a `/' or ` ' to a match when
3145 completing a symbolic link that resolves to a directory name, unless
3146 the match does not add anything to the word being completed. This
3147 means that a tab will complete the word up to the full name, but not
3148 add anything, and a subsequent tab will add a slash.
3150 d. Fixed a trivial typo that made the vi-mode `dT' command not work.
3152 e. Fixed the tty code so that ^S and ^Q can be inserted with rl_quoted_insert.
3154 f. Fixed the tty code so that ^V works more than once.
3156 g. Changed the use of __P((...)) for function prototypes to PARAMS((...))
3157 because the use of __P in typedefs conflicted g++ and glibc.
3159 4. New Features in Readline
3161 a. Added extern declaration for rl_get_termcap to readline.h, making it a
3162 public function (it was always there, just not in readline.h).
3164 b. New #defines in readline.h: RL_READLINE_VERSION, currently 0x0402,
3165 RL_VERSION_MAJOR, currently 4, and RL_VERSION_MINOR, currently 2.
3167 c. New readline variable: rl_readline_version, mirrors RL_READLINE_VERSION.
3169 d. New bindable boolean readline variable: match-hidden-files. Controls
3170 completion of files beginning with a `.' (on Unix). Enabled by default.
3172 e. The history expansion code now allows any character to terminate a
3173 `:first-' modifier, like csh.
3175 f. The incremental search code remembers the last search string and uses
3176 it if ^R^R is typed without a search string.
3178 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3179 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-release,
3180 and the previous version, bash-2.05-beta2.
3184 a. Make sure we note that the first line of a multi-line command was not
3185 saved in the history if the tests for HISTCONTROL succeed, but the
3186 HISTIGNORE check fails.
3188 b. Fixed a bug in the pattern matching code that caused `[' to be treated
3189 as a special character inside a `[...]' bracket expression.
3191 c. Fixed a bug in the pattern matching code that caused `]' to terminate
3192 a bracket expression even if it was the first character after the `['
3193 (or a leading `!' or `^').
3195 d. Made a small change to report a more user-friendly error message if
3196 execve(2) fails because of an error with the interpreter in a script
3197 with a leading `#! interpreter'.
3199 e. If the OS does not support an exec(2) magic number of `#!', make sure we
3200 have a non-null interpreter name before attempting to execute it.
3202 f. Fixed a bug that caused the shell process to end up in a different
3203 process group than the controlling terminal if a job-control shell was
3204 run with `exec' in the startup files.
3206 g. When started in POSIX mode, either by `bash --posix', `bash -o posix', or
3207 `sh', $SHELLOPTS includes `posix' and POSIXLY_CORRECT is set.
3209 h. Fixed a problem that caused the `\W' prompt string escape sequence to
3210 expand to nothing when $PWD was `//'.
3212 i. The `bashbug' shell script no longer uses $(...) command substitution.
3214 j. When `set' is invoked without options in POSIX mode, it no longer prints
3215 the names and definitions of shell functions.
3217 2. Changes to Readline
3219 a. rl_set_paren_blink_timeout() is now documented.
3221 b. Corrected history.3 man page: `$' is not in the default value of
3222 history_word_delimiters.
3224 c. If a hook function assigned to rl_event_hook sets rl_done to a non-zero
3225 value, rl_read_key() now immediately returns '\n' (which is assumed to
3226 be bound to accept-line).
3228 3. New Features in Bash
3230 a. The `>&word' redirection now works in POSIX mode as it does by default,
3231 since POSIX.2 leaves it unspecified.
3233 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3234 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-beta2,
3235 and the previous version, bash-2.05-beta1.
3239 a. Fixed a bug in the arithmetic evaluation code so that a^=b is supported.
3241 b. Fixed startup so posixly_correct is retained across subshells begun to
3242 execute scripts without a leading `#!'.
3244 c. Fixed a bug that caused $(< file) to not work in a (...) subshell.
3246 d. Added config support for Linux running on the IBM S390.
3248 e. Fixed a bug that caused bash to get its input pointer out of sync when
3249 reading commands through a pipe and running a command with standard
3250 input redirected from a file.
3252 f. Made a change so that command completion now makes about half as many
3253 stat(2) calls when searching the $PATH.
3255 g. Fixed a bug that caused variable assignments preceding `return' to not
3256 be propagated to the shell environment in POSIX mode.
3258 h. Fixed a bug with ${parameter[:]?word} -- tilde expansion was not performed
3261 i. In POSIX mode, `break' and `continue' do not complain and return success
3262 if called when the shell is not executing a loop.
3264 j. Fixed `bash -o posix' to work the same as `bash --posix'.
3266 k. Fixed a bug where variable assignments preceding `eval' or `source/.'
3267 would not show up in the environment exported to subshells run by the
3270 l. In POSIX mode, shells started to execute command substitutions inherit
3271 the value of the `-e' option from their parent shell.
3273 m. In POSIX mode, aliases are expanded even in non-interactive shells.
3275 n. Changed some of the job control messages to display the text required by
3276 POSIX.2 when the shell is in POSIX mode.
3278 o. Fixed a bug in `test' that caused it to occasionally return incorrect
3279 results when non-numeric arguments were supplied to `-t'.
3281 2. Changes to Readline
3283 a. Some changes were made to avoid gcc warnings with -Wall.
3285 b. rl_get_keymap_by_name now finds keymaps case-insensitively, so
3286 `set keymap EMACS' works.
3288 c. The history file writing and truncation functions now return a useful
3291 d. Fixed a bug that could cause applications to dereference a NULL pointer
3292 if a NULL second argument was passed to history_expand().
3294 3. New Features in Bash
3296 a. doc/readline.3 has been moved to the readline distribution.
3298 4. New Features in Readline
3300 a. New function, rl_get_screen_size (int *rows, int *columns), returns
3301 readline's idea of the screen dimensions.
3303 b. The timeout in rl_gather_tyi (readline keyboard input polling function)
3304 is now settable via a function (rl_set_keyboard_input_timeout()).
3306 c. Renamed the max_input_history variable to history_max_entries; the old
3307 variable is maintained for backwards compatibility.
3309 d. The list of characters that separate words for the history tokenizer is
3310 now settable with a variable: history_word_delimiters. The default
3313 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3314 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-beta1,
3315 and the previous version, bash-2.05-alpha1.
3319 a. Changes to allow shared library and object building on the GNU Hurd.
3321 b. Fixes to the way exported functions are placed into the environment and
3324 c. The globbing library once again respects locales when processing ranges
3325 in bracket expressions while doing pattern matching.
3327 d. System-specific configuration changes for: Tru 64, Interix
3329 e. Bashbug now uses /usr/bin/editor as one of the editing alternatives, and
3330 will use mktemp(1) or tempfile(1), if present, for temporary file creation.
3332 f. Bash no longer performs a binary file check on a script argument that's
3333 really a tty (like /dev/fd/0 or /dev/stdin).
3335 g. Fixed a bug in the execution of shell scripts that caused the effects of
3336 $BASH_ENV to be undone in some cases.
3338 h. Fixed several bugs that made `bash [-i] /dev/stdin' not work correctly.
3340 i. Several changes to the job control code to avoid some signal state
3343 j. The Bash malloc no longer blocks signals as often, which should make it
3346 k. Fixed a parsing bug that did not allow backslash to escape a single quote
3347 inside a $'...' construct.
3349 l. Fixed a bug that caused things like ${var:=$'value'} to be parsed
3350 incorrectly. This showed up in newer versions of autoconf.
3352 m. Fixed a bug in the bash-specific readline initialization that caused
3353 key bindings to bash-specific function names appearing in .inputrc to
3356 n. Bash now sets the file descriptor it uses to save the file descriptor
3357 opened on a shell script to close on exec.
3359 o. Fixed a bug in the prompt string decoding that caused it to misbehave
3360 when presented an octal sequence of fewer than three characters.
3362 p. Fixed the `test' builtin to return an error if `[' is supplied a single
3363 argument that is not `]'.
3365 q. Fixed a bug that caused subshells started to run executable shell scripts
3366 without a leading `#!' to incorrectly inherit an argument list preceding
3367 a shell builtin (like such a script called from a script sourced with `.',
3368 where there were variable assignments preceding the `.' command)
3370 r. Fixed a bug that caused changes to variables supplied in an assignment
3371 statement preceding a shell builtin to not be honored (like a script
3374 s. HOSTTYPE, OSTYPE, and MACHTYPE are set only if they do not have values
3375 when the shell is started.
3377 t. Fixed a bug that caused SIGINT to kill shell scripts after the script
3380 u. The `fc' builtin now tries to create its temporary files in the directory
3383 v. Bash no longer calls any Readline functions or uses any Readline variables
3384 not declared in readline.h.
3386 w. Fixed a bug that caused some substitutions involving $@ to not be split
3387 correctly, especially expansions of the form ${paramterOPword}.
3389 x. SSH2_CLIENT is now treated like SSH_CLIENT and not auto-exported if it
3390 appears in the initial environment.
3392 y. Fixed a couple of problems with shell scripts without a leading `#!'
3393 being executed out of shell functions that could cause core dumps if
3394 such a script attempted to execute `return'.
3396 z. Fixed a problem with the `-nt' and `-ot' binary operators for the
3397 `test/[' builtin and the `[[' conditional command that caused wrong
3398 return values if one of the file arguments did not exist.
3400 aa. Fixed a bug that caused non-interactive shells which had previously
3401 executed `shopt -s expand_aliases' to fail to expand aliases in a
3402 command like `(command) &'.
3404 2. Changes to Readline
3406 a. Changes to make most (but not yet all -- there is still crlf()) of the
3407 exported readline functions declared in readline.h have an rl_ prefix.
3409 b. More `const' changes in function arguments, mostly for completion
3412 c. Fixed a bug in rl_forward that could cause the point to be set to before
3413 the beginning of the line in vi mode.
3415 d. Fixed a bug in the callback read-char interface to make it work when a
3416 readline function pushes some input onto the input stream with
3417 rl_execute_next (like the incremental search functions).
3419 e. Fixed a file descriptor leak in the history file manipulation code that
3420 was tripped when attempting to truncate a non-regular file (like
3423 f. Some existing variables are now documented and part of the public
3424 interface (declared in readline.h): rl_explict_arg, rl_numeric_arg,
3425 rl_editing_mode, rl_last_func.
3427 g. Renamed rltty_set_default_bindings to rl_tty_set_default_bindings and
3428 crlf to rl_crlf, so there are no public functions declared in readline.h
3429 without an `rl_' prefix. The old functions still exist for backwards
3432 3. New Features in Bash
3434 a. A new loadable builtin, realpath, which canonicalizes and expands symlinks
3435 in pathname arguments.
3437 b. When `set' is called without options, it prints function defintions in a
3438 way that allows them to be reused as input. This affects `declare' and
3439 `declare -p' as well.
3441 4. New Features in Readline
3443 a. New application-callable function rl_set_prompt(const char *prompt):
3444 expands its prompt string argument and sets rl_prompt to the result.
3446 b. New application-callable function rl_set_screen_size(int rows, int cols):
3447 public method for applications to set readline's idea of the screen
3450 c. The history example program (examples/histexamp.c) is now built as one
3453 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3454 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.05-alpha1,
3455 and the previous version, bash-2.04-release.
3459 a. A fix was made to allow newlines in compond array assignments.
3461 b. configure now checks for real-time signals with unusable values.
3463 c. Interactive shells no longer exit if a substitution fails because of an
3464 unset variable within a sourced file.
3466 d. Fixed a problem with incorrect matching of extended glob patterns when
3467 doing pattern substitution.
3469 e. `{' is now quoted by the completion code when it appears in a filename.
3471 f. Fixed an error in pattern matching that caused the matcher to not
3472 correctly skip the rest of a bracket expression after a character
3475 g. Fixed a bug in the IFS word splitting code to make a non-whitespace IFS
3476 character preceded by IFS whitespace part of the current delimiter rather
3477 than generating a separate field.
3479 h. The {!prefix@} expansion now generates separate words, analogous to $@,
3482 i. Command substitution now ignores NUL bytes in the command output, and the
3483 parser ignores them on input.
3485 j. A fix was made to the job control code to prevent hanging processes when
3486 the shell thinks background processes are running but the kernel returns
3487 -1/ECHILD from waitpid().
3489 k. `pwd' now prints an error message if the write fails when displaying the
3492 l. When in POSIX mode, the shell prints trap dispostions without a leading
3493 `SIG' in the signal specification.
3495 m. Fixed a parser bug that caused the current command's line count to be
3496 messed up by a compound array assignment.
3498 n. Fixed a bug in the unwind-protect code that caused bad behavior on machines
3499 where ints and pointers are not the same size.
3501 o. System-specific configure changes for: MacOS X.
3503 p. Changes for Cygwin to translate \r\n and \r to \n and to set file
3504 descriptors used for reading input to text mode in various places.
3506 q. Fixed a bug that caused `!' to occasionally not be honored when in
3509 r. Bash no longer assumes that getcwd() will return any useful error message
3510 in the buffer passed as an argument if the call fails.
3512 s. The `source', `.', and `fc' builtins no longer check whether a file is
3513 binary before reading commands from it.
3515 t. Subshells no longer turn off job control when they exit, since that
3516 sometimes resulted in the terminal being reset to the wrong process
3519 u. The history code no longer tries to save the second and subsequent lines
3520 of a multi-line command if the first line was not saved.
3522 v. The history saving code now does a better job of saving blank lines in a
3525 w. Removed a `feature' that made `ulimit' silently translate `unlimited' to
3526 the current hard limit, which obscured some kernel error returns.
3528 x. Fixed the grammar so that `}' is recognized as a reserved word after
3529 another reserved word, rather than requiring a `;' or newline. This
3530 means that constructs like
3532 { { echo a b c ; } }
3536 y. Conditional commands ([[...]]) now perform tilde expansion on their
3539 z. Noted in the documentation that `set -a' will cause functions to be
3540 exported if they are defined after `set -a' is executed.
3542 aa. When an interactive login shell starts, if $PWD and $HOME refer to the
3543 same directory but are not the same string, $PWD is set to $HOME.
3545 bb. Fixed `printf' to handle invalid floating point numbers better.
3547 cc. Temporary files are now created with random filenames, to improve security.
3549 dd. The readline initialization code now binds the custom bash functions and
3550 key bindings after the readline defaults are set up.
3552 ee. Fixed the `source' builtin to no longer overwrite a shell function's
3553 argument list, even if the sourced file changes the positional parameters.
3555 ff. A bug fix was made in the expansion of `$*' in contexts where it should
3556 not be split, like assignment statements.
3558 gg. Fixed a bug in the parameter substring expansion to handle conditional
3559 arithmetic expressions ( exp ? val1 : val2 ) without cutting the expression
3560 off at the wrong `:'.
3562 hh. The `<>' redirection is no longer subject to the current setting of
3563 `noclobber', as POSIX.2 specifies.
3565 ii. Fixed a bug in the conditional command parsing code that caused expressions
3566 in parentheses to occasionally be parsed incorrectly.
3568 jj. Fixed a bug in the ((...)) arithmetic command to allow do...done or
3569 {...} to follow the )) without an intervening list terminator.
3571 kk. `printf' now treats `\E' the same as `\e' when performing backslash escape
3572 expansion for the `%b' format specifier.
3574 ll. When in POSIX mode, the shell no longer searches the current directory for
3575 a file to be sourced with `.' or `source' if `.' is not in $PATH.
3577 mm. Interactive comments are no longer turned off when POSIX mode is disabled.
3579 nn. The UID, EUID, HOSTNAME variables are not set if they are in the shell's
3580 environment when it starts up.
3582 oo. Fixed a bug in the `command' builtin so the effect of a command like
3583 `command exec 4<file' is as if the `command' had been omitted.
3585 pp. ${foo[@]} and ${foo[*]} now work as in ksh93 if `foo' is not an array
3588 qq. ${#foo[X]}, where X is 0, @, or *, now work as in ksh93 if `foo' is not
3591 rr. The shell's idea of an absolute pathname now takes into account a
3592 possible drive specification on Cygwin and other Windows systems.
3594 ss. Fixed a bug which caused incorrect parsing of some multi-character
3595 constructs if they were split across input lines with backslash-newline
3598 tt. Fixed a bug that caused restricted shell mode to be set inappropriately
3599 when trying to execute a shell script without a leading `#!'.
3601 uu. Shell function definitions no longer require that the body be a group
3602 command ( {...} ), as POSIX.2 requires.
3604 vv. The `cd' and `pwd' builtins now process symlinks in pathnames internally
3605 and should require many fewer calls to getcwd().
3607 ww. Fixed a bug that caused a pipeline's process group to be set incorrectly
3608 if one of the pipeline elements contained a command substitution.
3610 xx. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when expanding the value of HISTIGNORE.
3612 yy. The output of `set' is now quoted using $'...' so invisible characters are
3613 displayed as escape sequences.
3615 zz. Fixed the help text for `unset', since PATH and IFS may both be unset.
3617 aaa. The shell no longer puts directory names into the command hash table.
3619 bbb. Fixed a bug in `read' that caused it to occasionally free memory twice if
3620 it was interrupted after reading a large amount of data.
3622 ccc. Assignment statements that attempt to assign values to readonly variables
3623 now cause the command to return an error status.
3625 ddd. Fixed a bug that could cause incorrect output if a $(<file) construct was
3628 eee. GROUPS and FUNCNAME now return an error status when assignment is
3629 attempted, but may be unset (in which case they lose their special
3630 properties). In all respects except unsetting, they are readonly.
3632 fff. The string-to-integer conversion code now ignores trailing whitespace in
3633 the string, even if strtol(3) does not.
3635 ggg. The tcsh magic-space function now does a better job of inserting the
3636 space close to where the point was before the history expansion, rather
3637 than just appending it.
3639 hhh. Fixed a bug which caused a file sourced from an interactive shell to
3640 fill up the jobs table if it ran lots of jobs.
3642 iii. Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code to avoid infinite
3643 recursion on zero-length matches.
3645 2. Changes to Readline
3647 a. When setting the terminal attributes on systems using `struct termio',
3648 readline waits for output to drain before changing the attributes.
3650 b. A fix was made to the history word tokenization code to avoid attempts to
3651 dereference a null pointer.
3653 c. Readline now defaults rl_terminal_name to $TERM if the calling application
3654 has left it unset, and tries to initialize with the resultant value.
3656 d. Instead of calling (*rl_getc_function)() directly to get input in certain
3657 places, readline now calls rl_read_key() consistently.
3659 e. Fixed a bug in the completion code that allowed a backslash to quote a
3660 single quote inside a single-quoted string.
3662 f. rl_prompt is no longer assigned directly from the argument to readline(),
3663 but uses memory allocated by readline. This allows constant strings to
3664 be passed to readline without problems arising when the prompt processing
3665 code wants to modify the string.
3667 g. Fixed a bug that caused non-interactive history searches to return the
3668 wrong line when performing multiple searches backward for the same string.
3670 h. Many variables, function arguments, and function return values are now
3671 declared `const' where appropriate, to improve behavior when linking with
3674 i. The control character detection code now works better on systems where
3675 `char' is unsigned by default.
3677 j. The vi-mode numeric argument is now capped at 999999, just like emacs mode.
3679 k. The Function, CPFunction, CPPFunction, and VFunction typedefs have been
3680 replaced with a set of specific prototyped typedefs, though they are
3681 still in the readline header files for backwards compatibility.
3683 m. Nearly all of the (undocumented) internal global variables in the library
3684 now have an _rl_ prefix -- there were a number that did not, like
3685 screenheight, screenwidth, alphabetic, etc.
3687 n. The ding() convenience function has been renamed to rl_ding(), though the
3688 old function is still defined for backwards compatibility.
3690 o. The completion convenience functions filename_completion_function,
3691 username_completion_function, and completion_matches now have an rl_
3692 prefix, though the old names are still defined for backwards compatibility.
3694 p. The functions shared by readline and bash (linkage is satisfied from bash
3695 when compiling with bash, and internally otherwise) now have an sh_ prefix.
3697 q. Changed the shared library creation procedure on Linux and BSD/OS 4.x so
3698 that the `soname' contains only the major version number rather than the
3699 major and minor numbers.
3701 r. Fixed a redisplay bug that occurred when the prompt spanned more than one
3702 physical line and contained invisible characters.
3704 3. New Features in Bash
3706 a. Added a new `--init-file' invocation argument as a synonym for `--rcfile',
3707 per the new GNU coding standards.
3709 b. The /dev/tcp and /dev/udp redirections now accept service names as well as
3712 c. `complete' and `compgen' now take a `-o value' option, which controls some
3713 of the aspects of that compspec. Valid values are:
3715 default - perform bash default completion if programmable
3716 completion produces no matches
3717 dirnames - perform directory name completion if programmable
3718 completion produces no matches
3719 filenames - tell readline that the compspec produces filenames,
3720 so it can do things like append slashes to
3721 directory names and suppress trailing spaces
3723 4. New Features in Readline
3725 a. The blink timeout for paren matching is now settable by applications.
3727 b. _rl_executing_macro has been renamed to rl_executing_macro, which means
3728 it's now part of the public interface.
3730 c. Readline has a new variable, rl_readline_state, which is a bitmap that
3731 encapsulates the current state of the library; intended for use by
3732 callbacks and hook functions.
3734 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3735 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-release,
3736 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta5.
3740 a. Better compile-time and configure-time checks for the necessity of
3743 b. A bug was fixed in the expansion of "${@:-}" when there are positional
3746 c. A typo was fixed in the output of `complete'.
3748 d. The matches generated for a word by the `-W' argument to complete and
3749 compgen are now matched against the word being completed, and only
3750 matches are returned as the result.
3752 e. Some fixes were made for systems which do not restart read(2) when a
3753 signal caught by bash is received.
3755 f. A bug was fixed which caused the umask to be set to 0 when an invalid
3756 symbolic mode mask was parsed.
3758 g. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump if a SIGCHLD was received while
3759 performing an assignment statement using command substitution.
3761 h. Changed the word splitting function for programmable completion so cases
3762 in which the cursor is between words are handled a bit better.
3764 2. Changes to Readline
3766 a. rl_funmap_names() is now documented.
3768 3. New Features in Bash
3770 a. The LC_NUMERIC variable is now treated specially, and used to set the
3771 LC_NUMERIC locale category for number formatting, e.g., when `printf'
3772 displays floating-point numbers.
3774 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3775 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta5,
3776 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta4.
3780 a. A couple of changes were made to the Makefiles for easier building on
3783 b. Fixed a bug where the current prompt would be set to $PS2 at startup.
3785 c. The shell script that tests an already-installed version was changed to
3786 remove the directory it created its test programs in at exit.
3788 d. Several changes were made to the code that tokenizes an input line for
3789 the programmable completion code. Shell metacharacters will now appear
3790 as individual words in the word list passed to the completion functions.
3791 Some of the example completion shell functions were changed to understand
3792 redirection operators.
3794 e. A bug was fixed that, under obscure circumstances, could confuse the
3795 parser when a shell function was run by the programmable completion code.
3797 f. A bug was fixed in the ulimit builtin for systems not using getrlimit().
3799 g. The execution code now propagates the correct exit status back to the rest
3800 of the code if the return value of a subshell command was being inverted.
3801 Some new test cases for inverting return values with the `!' reserved
3802 word have been added.
3804 h. Negative exponents in the arithmetic evaluation of v**e now return an
3807 i. A bug that caused bash to check the wrong process in a pipeline for
3808 abnormal termination (and consequently resetting the terminal attributes)
3811 j. Fixed a bug that caused $PS2 to be displayed after PROMPT_COMMAND was
3814 2. Changes to Readline
3816 1. Fixed a bug in a C preprocessor define that caused the keypad control
3817 functions to be compiled out for all platforms except DJGPP.
3819 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3820 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta4,
3821 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta3.
3825 a. A couple of changes were made to the redirection to attempt to avoid
3826 race conditions and malicious file replacement.
3828 2. A change was made to the string evaluation code (used for command
3829 substitution, `eval', and the `.' builtin) to fix an obscure core
3830 dump on alpha machines.
3832 3. A bug that caused $LINENO to be wrong when executing arithmetic for
3835 4. A couple of memory leaks in the programmable completion code were fixed.
3837 5. A bug that could cause a core dump by freeing memory twice during a call
3838 to `eval' if `set -u' had been enabled and an undefined variable was
3839 referenced was fixed.
3841 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3842 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta3,
3843 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta2.
3847 a. Bash should run the appropriate startup files when invoked by ssh2.
3849 b. Fixed a bug in the parsing of conditional commands that could cause a
3852 c. Fixed a bug in parsing job specifications that occasionally caused
3853 core dumps when an out-of-range job was referenced.
3855 d. Fixed the `type' and `command' builtins to do better reporting of
3856 commands that are not found in $PATH or the hash table.
3858 e. Fixed a POSIX.2 compliance problem in the command builtin -- commands
3859 are supposed to be reported as full pathnames.
3861 f. The `echo' builtin now returns failure if a write error occurs.
3863 g. Fixed a bug which caused the locale to not be reset correctly when
3866 h. Changed description of `getopts' in man page and reference manual to make
3867 it clear that option characters may be characters other than letters.
3869 i. If the shell exits while in a function, make sure that any trap on EXIT
3870 doesn't think the function is still executing.
3872 j. Bashbug now tries harder to find a usable editor if $EDITOR is not set,
3873 rather than simply defaulting to `emacs'.
3875 k. Changes to the scripts that guess and canonicalize the system type, from
3876 the latest `automake' distribution via Debian.
3878 l. When using named pipes for process substitution, make sure the file
3879 descriptors opened for reading are set to non-blocking mode.
3881 m. Fixed a bug that caused termination of pipelines that are killed by a
3882 signal to not be reported in some cases.
3884 n. When not in literal-history mode, shell comment lines are not added to
3887 o. When running in POSIX.2 mode, bash no longer performs word splitting on
3888 the expanded value of the word supplied as the filename argument to
3889 redirection operators.
3891 p. The prompt string decoding code now backslash-quotes only characters that
3892 are special within double quotes when expanding the \w and \W escape
3895 q. Fixed a bug in the prompt decoding code that could cause a non-interactive
3896 shell to seg fault if `\u' was used in PS4 and the shell was in xtrace
3899 r. Fixed a bug that caused function definitions to be printed with any
3900 redirections that should be attached to the entire function before the
3903 s. Changed the tilde expansion code for Cygwin systems to avoid creating
3904 pathnames beginning with `//' if $HOME == `/'.
3906 t. Fixed a couple of autoconf tests to avoid creating files with fixed names
3909 u. The `trap' and `kill' builtins now know the names of the POSIX.1b real-
3910 time signals on systems which support them.
3912 2. Changes to Readline
3914 a. Fixed a problem with the single-quote quoting function that could cause
3917 b. Fixed a bug that caused incorrect `stat characters' to be printed if
3918 the files being completed were in the root directory and visible-stats
3921 3. New Features in Bash
3923 a. There is a new `rbash.1' manual page, from the Debian release.
3925 b. The `--enable-usg-echo-default' option to `configure' has been renamed to
3926 `--enable-xpg-echo-default'. The old option is still there for backwards
3929 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3930 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta2,
3931 and the previous version, bash-2.04-beta1.
3935 a. Fixed a bug that could cause pipes to be closed inappropriately in
3938 b. Fixed a bug that caused creation of the exported environment to clobber
3939 the current command string if there were any exported shell functions.
3941 c. Some changes were made to reduce bash's memory usage.
3943 d. Fixed a problem with programmable completion and filenames to be
3944 completed containing quote characters.
3946 e. Changed the code the removes named pipes created for the <(...) and >(...)
3947 expansions to defer removal until after any current shell function has
3950 f. Fixed a bug in `select' which caused it to not handle the `continue'
3953 g. Autoconf tests added for cygwin32 and mingw32.
3955 2. New Features in Bash
3957 a. The `--with-bash-malloc' configure option replaces `--with-gnu-malloc'
3958 (which is still there for backwards compatibility).
3960 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3961 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-beta1,
3962 and the previous version, bash-2.04-alpha1.
3966 a. Fixed a bug in the programmable completion code that occurred when
3967 trying to complete command lines containing a `;' or `@'.
3969 b. The file descriptor from which the shell is reading a script is now
3970 moved to a file descriptor above the user-addressible range.
3972 c. Changes to `printf' so that it can handle integers beginning with 0
3973 or 0x as octal and hex, respectively.
3975 d. Fixes to the programmable completion code so it handles nonsense like
3976 `compgen -C xyz' gracefully.
3978 e. The shell no longer modifies the signal handler for SIGPROF, allowing
3979 profiling again on certain systems.
3981 f. The shell checks for a new window size, if the user has requested it,
3982 after a process exits due to a signal.
3984 g. Fixed a bug with variables with null values in a program's temporary
3985 environment and the bash getenv() replacement.
3987 h. `declare' and the other builtins that take variable assignments as
3988 arguments now honor `set -a' and mark modified variables for export.
3990 i. Some changes were made for --dump-po-strings mode when writing strings
3991 with embedded newlines.
3993 j. The code that caches export strings from the initial environment now
3994 duplicates the string rather than just pointing into the environment.
3996 k. The filename completion quoting code now uses single quotes by default
3997 if the filename being completed contains newlines, since \<newline>
3998 has a special meaning to the parser.
4000 l. Bash now uses typedefs bits32_t and u_bits32_t instead of int32_t and
4001 u_int32_t, respectively to avoid conflicts on certain Unix versions.
4003 m. Configuration changes were made for: Rhapsody, Mac OS, FreeBSD-3.x.
4005 n. Fixed a problem with hostname-to-ip-address translation in the
4006 /dev/(tcp|udp)/hostname/port redirection code.
4008 o. The texinfo manual has been reorganized slightly.
4010 p. Filename generation (globbing) range comparisons in bracket expressions
4011 no longer use strcoll(3) even if it is available, since it has unwanted
4012 effects in certain locales.
4014 q. Fixed a cosmetic problem in the source that caused the shell to not
4015 compile if DPAREN_ARITHMETIC was not defined but ARITH_FOR_COMMAND was.
4017 r. Fixed a bug in the here-document code tripped when the file descriptor
4018 opened to the file containing the text of the here document was the
4019 same as a redirector specified by the user.
4021 s. Fixed a bug where the INVERT_RETURN flag was not being set for `pipeline'
4022 in `time ! pipeline'.
4024 t. Fixed a bug with the `wait' builtin which manifested itself when an
4025 interrupt was received while the shell was waiting for asynchronous
4026 processes in a shell script.
4028 u. Fixed the DEBUG trap code so that it has the correct value of $?.
4030 v. Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code that could cause
4031 the shell to attempt to free unallocated memory if the pattern started
4032 with `/' and an expansion error occurs.
4034 w. Fixed a bug in the positional parameter substring code that could
4035 cause the shell to loop freeing freed memory.
4037 x. Fixed a bug in the positional parameter pattern substitution code so
4038 that it correctly handles null replacement strings with a pattern
4039 string prefixed with `%' or `#'.
4041 y. The shell no longer attempts to import functions from the environment if
4044 z. Fixed a bug that caused `return' in a command substitution executed in
4045 a shell function to return from the function in a subshell and continue
4048 aa. `hash -p /pathname/with/slashes name' is no longer allowed when the shell
4051 bb. The wait* job control functions now behave better if called when there
4052 are no unwaited-for children.
4054 cc. Command substitution no longer unconditionally disables job control in
4055 the subshell started to run the command.
4057 dd. A bug was fixed that occasionally caused traps to mess up the parser
4060 ee. `bashbug' now honors user headers in the mail message it sends.
4062 ff. A bug was fixed that caused the `:p' history modifier to not print the
4063 history expansion if the `histverify' option was set.
4065 2. Changes to Readline
4067 a. Fixed a bug in the redisplay code for lines with more than 256 line
4070 b. A bug was fixed which caused invisible character markers to not be
4071 stripped from the prompt string if the terminal was in no-echo mode.
4073 c. Readline no longer tries to get the variables it needs for redisplay
4074 from the termcap entry if the calling application has specified its
4075 own redisplay function. Readline treats the terminal as `dumb' in
4078 d. Fixes to the SIGWINCH code so that a multiple-line prompt with escape
4079 sequences is redrawn correctly.
4081 3. New Features in Bash
4083 a. `bashbug' now accepts `--help' and `--version' options.
4085 b. There is a new `xpg_echo' option to `shopt' that controls the behavior
4086 of echo with respect to backslash-escaped characters at runtime.
4088 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4089 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-alpha1,
4090 and the previous version, bash-2.04-devel.
4094 a. Fixed a bug that could cause core dumps when performing substring
4097 b. Shared object configuration changes for: Solaris, OSF/1
4099 c. The POSIX_GLOB_LIBRARY code that uses the POSIX.2 globbing facilities
4100 for pathname expansion now understands GLOBIGNORE.
4102 d. The code that implements `eval' was changed to save the value of the
4103 current prompt, so an eval in a shell function called by the programmable
4104 completion code will not change the prompt to $PS2.
4106 e. Restored the undocumented NON_INTERACTIVE_LOGIN_SHELLS #define to
4107 config-top.h. If this is defined, all login shells will read the
4108 startup files, not just interactive and non-interactive started with
4109 the `--login' option.
4111 f. Fixed a bug that caused the expansion code to occasionally dump core if
4112 IFS contained characters > 128.
4114 g. Fixed a problem with the grammar so that a newline is not required
4115 after the `))' in the new-style arithmetic for statement; a semicolon
4116 may be used as expected.
4118 h. Variable indirection may now reference the shell's special variables.
4120 i. The $'...' and $"..." constructs are now added to the history correctly
4121 if they contain newlines and command-oriented history is enabled.
4123 j. It is now an error to try to assign a value to a function-local copy
4124 of a readonly shell variable (declared with the `local' builtin).
4126 2. Changes to Readline
4128 a. The history file code now uses O_BINARY mode when reading and writing
4129 the history file on cygwin32.
4131 3. New Features in Bash
4133 a. A new programmable completion facility, with two new builtin commands:
4134 complete and compgen.
4136 b. configure has a new option, `--enable-progcomp', to compile in the
4137 programmable completion features (enabled by default).
4139 c. `shopt' has a new option, `progcomp', to enable and disable programmable
4140 completion at runtime.
4142 d. Unsetting HOSTFILE now clears the list of hostnames used for completion.
4144 4. New Features in Readline
4146 a. A new variable, rl_gnu_readline_p, always 1. The intent is that an
4147 application can verify whether or not it is linked with the `real'
4148 readline library or some substitute.
4150 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4151 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.04-devel,
4152 and the previous version, bash-2.03-release.
4156 a. System-specific configuration and source changes for: Interix, Rhapsody
4158 b. Fixed a bug in execute_cmd.c that resulted in a compile-time error if
4159 JOB_CONTROL was not defined.
4161 c. An obscure race condition in the trap code was fixed.
4163 d. The string resulting from $'...' is now requoted to avoid any further
4166 e. The $'...' quoting syntax now allows backslash to escape a single quote,
4167 for ksh-93 compatibility.
4169 f. The $"..." quoting syntax now escapes backslashes and double quotes in
4170 the translated string when displaying them with the --dump-po-strings
4173 g. `echo -e' no longer converts \' to '.
4175 h. Fixes were made to the extended globbing code to handle embedded (...)
4178 i. Some improvements were made to the code that unsets `nodelay' mode on
4179 the file descriptor from which bash is reading input.
4181 j. Some changes were made to the replacement termcap library for better
4182 operation on MS-DOS.
4184 k. Some changes were made to the tilde expansion code to handle backslash
4185 as a pathname separator on MS-DOS.
4187 l. The source has been reorganized a little bit -- there is now an `include'
4188 subdirectory, and lib/posixheaders has been removed.
4190 m. Improvements were made to the `read' builtin so that it makes many
4191 fewer read(2) system calls.
4193 n. The expansion of $- will include `c' and `s' when those options are
4194 supplied at shell invocation.
4196 o. Several improvments were made to the completion code: variable completion
4197 now works better when there are unterminated expansions, command
4198 completion understands quotes better, and completion now works in certain
4199 unclosed $(... constructs.
4201 p. The arithmetic expansion code was fixed to not need the value of a
4202 variable being assigned a value (fixes the "ss=09; let ss=10" bug).
4204 q. Some changes were made to make exported environment creation faster.
4206 r. The html documentation will be installed into $(htmldir) if that variable
4207 has a value when `make install' is run.
4209 s. Fixed a bug that would cause the bashrc file to be sourced inappropriately
4210 when bash is started by sshd.
4212 t. The SSH_CLIENT environment variable is no longer auto-exported.
4214 u. A bug that caused redirections with (...) subshells to be performed in
4215 the wrong order was fixed.
4217 v. A bug that occasionally caused inappropriate expansion of assignment
4218 statements in compound array assignments was fixed.
4220 w. The code that parses the words in a compound array assignment was
4221 simplified considerably and should work better now.
4223 x. Fixes to the non-job-control code in nojobs.c to make it POSIX.2-compliant
4224 when a user attempts to retrieve the status of a terminated background
4227 y. Fixes to the `printf' builtin so that it doesn't try to expand all
4228 backslash escape sequences in the format string before parsing it for
4229 % format specifiers.
4231 2. Changes to Readline
4233 a. The history library tries to truncate the history file only if it is a
4236 b. A bug that caused _rl_dispatch to address negative array indices on
4237 systems with signed chars was fixed.
4239 c. rl-yank-nth-arg now leaves the history position the same as when it was
4242 d. Changes to the completion code to handle MS-DOS drive-letter:pathname
4245 e. Completion is now case-insensitive by default on MS-DOS.
4247 f. Fixes to the history file manipulation code for MS-DOS.
4249 g. Readline attempts to bind the arrow keys to appropriate defaults on MS-DOS.
4251 h. Some fixes were made to the redisplay code for better operation on MS-DOS.
4253 i. The quoted-insert code will now insert tty special chars like ^C.
4255 j. A bug was fixed that caused the display code to reference memory before
4256 the start of the prompt string.
4258 k. More support for __EMX__ (OS/2).
4260 l. A bug was fixed in readline's signal handling that could cause infinite
4261 recursion in signal handlers.
4263 m. A bug was fixed that caused the point to be less than zero when rl_forward
4264 was given a very large numeric argument.
4266 n. The vi-mode code now gets characters via the application-settable value
4267 of rl_getc_function rather than calling rl_getc directly.
4269 3. New Features in Bash
4271 a. The history builtin has a `-d offset' option to delete the history entry
4272 at position `offset'.
4274 b. The prompt expansion code has two new escape sequences: \j, the number of
4275 active jobs; and \l, the basename of the shell's tty device name.
4277 c. The `bind' builtin has a new `-x' option to bind key sequences to shell
4280 d. There is a new shell option, no_empty_command_completion, which, when
4281 enabled, disables command completion when TAB is typed on an empty line.
4283 e. The `help' builtin has a `-s' option to just print a builtin's usage
4286 f. There are several new arithmetic operators: id++, id-- (variable
4287 post-increment/decrement), ++id, --id (variabl pre-increment/decrement),
4288 expr1 , expr2 (comma operator).
4290 g. There is a new ksh-93 style arithmetic for command:
4291 for ((expr1 ; expr2; expr3 )); do list; done
4293 h. The `read' builtin has a number of new options:
4294 -t timeout only wait timeout seconds for input
4295 -n nchars only read nchars from input instead of a full line
4296 -d delim read until delim rather than newline
4297 -s don't echo input chars as they are read
4299 i. The redirection code now handles several filenames specially:
4300 /dev/fd/N, /dev/stdin, /dev/stdout, and /dev/stderr, whether or
4301 not they are present in the file system.
4303 j. The redirection code now recognizes pathnames of the form
4304 /dev/tcp/host/port and /dev/udp/host/port, and tries to open a socket
4305 of the appropriate type to the specified port on the specified host.
4307 k. The ksh-93 ${!prefix*} expansion, which expands to the names of all
4308 shell variables whose names start with prefix, has been implemented.
4310 l. There is a new dynamic variable, FUNCNAME, which expands to the name of
4311 a currently-executing function. Assignments to FUNCNAME have no effect.
4313 m. The GROUPS variable is no longer readonly; assignments to it are silently
4314 discarded. This means it can be unset.
4316 4. New Features in Readline
4318 a. Parentheses matching is now always compiled into readline, and enabled
4319 or disabled when the value of the `blink-matching-paren' variable is
4322 b. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_inputrc as the last-ditch inputrc filename.
4324 c. MS-DOS systems now use ~/_history as the default history file.
4326 d. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the point at the end of the
4327 line when the string to search for is empty, like
4328 {reverse,forward}-search-history.
4330 e. history-search-{forward,backward} now leave the last history line found
4331 in the readline buffer if the second or subsequent search fails.
4333 f. New function for use by applications: rl_on_new_line_with_prompt, used
4334 when an application displays the prompt itself before calling readline().
4336 g. New variable for use by applications: rl_already_prompted. An application
4337 that displays the prompt itself before calling readline() must set this to
4340 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4341 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-release,
4342 and the previous version, bash-2.03-beta2.
4346 a. A file descriptor leak in the `fc' builtin was fixed.
4348 b. A bug was fixed in the `read' builtin that caused occasional spurious
4349 failures when using `read -e'.
4351 c. The version code needed to use the value of the cpp variable
4352 CONF_MACHTYPE rather than MACHTYPE.
4354 d. A new test was added to exercise the command printing and copying code.
4356 e. A bug was fixed that caused `time' to be recognized as a reserved word
4357 if it was the first pattern in a `case' statement pattern list.
4359 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4360 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-beta2,
4361 and the previous version, bash-2.03-beta1.
4365 a. Slight additions to support/shobj-conf, mostly for the benefit of AIX 4.2.
4367 b. config.{guess,sub} support added for the NEC SX4.
4369 c. Changed some of the cross-compiling sections of the configure macros in
4370 aclocal.m4 so that configure won't abort.
4372 d. Slight changes to how the HTML versions of the bash and readline manuals
4375 e. Fixed conditional command printing to avoid interpreting printf `%'-escapes
4378 f. Don't include the bash malloc on all variants of the alpha processor.
4380 g. Changes to configure to make --enable-profiling work on Solaris 2.x.
4382 h. Fixed a bug that manifested itself when shell functions were called
4383 between calls to `getopts'.
4385 i. Fixed pattern substitution so that a bare `#'as a pattern causes the
4386 replacement string to be prefixed to the search string, and a bare
4387 `%' causes the replacement string to be appended to the search string.
4389 j. Fixed a bug in the command execution code that caused child processes
4390 to occasionally have the wrong value for $!.
4392 2. Changes to Readline
4394 a. Added code to the history library to catch history substitutions using
4395 `&' without a previous history substitution or search having been
4398 3. New Features in Bash
4400 4. New Features in Readline
4402 a. New bindable variable: `isearch-terminators'.
4404 b. New bindable function: `forward-backward-delete-char' (unbound by default).
4406 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4407 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-beta1,
4408 and the previous version, bash-2.03-alpha.
4412 a. A change was made to the help text for `{...}' to make it clear that a
4413 semicolon is required before the closing brace.
4415 b. A fix was made to the `test' builtin so that syntax errors cause test
4416 to return an exit status > 1.
4418 c. Globbing is no longer performed on assignment statements that appear as
4419 arguments to `assignment builtins' such as `export'.
4421 d. System-specific configuration changes were made for: Rhapsody,
4422 AIX 4.2/gcc, BSD/OS 4.0.
4424 e. New loadable builtins: ln, unlink.
4426 f. Some fixes were made to the globbing code to handle extended glob patterns
4427 which immediately follow a `*'.
4429 g. A fix was made to the command printing code to ensure that redirections
4430 following compound commands have a space separating them from the rest
4433 h. The pathname canonicalization code was changed to produce fewer leading
4434 `//' sequences, since those are interpreted as network file system
4435 pathnames on some systems.
4437 i. A fix was made so that loops containing `eval' commands in commands passed
4438 to `bash -c' would not exit prematurely.
4440 j. Some changes were made to the job reaping code when the shell is not
4441 interactive, so the shell will retain exit statuses longer for examination
4444 k. A fix was made so that `jobs | command' works again.
4446 l. The erroneous compound array assignment var=((...)) is now a syntax error.
4448 m. A change was made to the dynamic loading code in `enable' to support
4451 n. A fix was made to the globbing code so that extended globbing patterns
4452 will correctly match `.' in a bracket expression.
4454 2. Changes to Readline
4456 a. A fix was made to the completion code in which a typo caused the wrong
4457 value to be passed to the function that computed the longest common
4458 prefix of the list of matches.
4460 b. The completion code now checks the value of rl_filename_completion_desired,
4461 which is set by application-supplied completion functions to indicate
4462 that filename completion is being performed, to decide whether or not to
4463 call an application-supplied `ignore completions' function.
4465 3. New Features in Bash
4467 a. A change was made to the startup file code so that any shell begun with
4468 the `--login' option, even non-interactive shells, will source the login
4469 shell startup files.
4471 4. New Features in Readline
4473 a. A new variable, rl_erase_empty_line, which, if set by an application using
4474 readline, will cause readline to erase, prompt and all, lines on which the
4475 only thing typed was a newline.
4477 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4478 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.03-alpha,
4479 and the previous version, bash-2.02.1-release.
4483 a. System-specific configuration changes were made for: Irix 6.x, Unixware 7.
4485 b. The texi2dvi and texi2html scripts were updated to the latest versions
4488 c. The configure tests that determine which native type is 32 bits were
4489 changed to not require a compiled program.
4491 d. Fixed a bug in shell_execve that could cause memory to be freed twice
4492 after a failed exec.
4494 e. The `printf' test uses `diff -a' if it's available to prevent confusion
4495 due to the non-ascii output.
4497 f. Shared object configuration is now performed by a shell script,
4498 support/shobj-conf, which generates values to be substituted into
4499 makefiles by configure.
4501 g. Some changes were made to `ulimit' to avoid the use of RLIM_INVALID as a
4504 h. Changes were made to `ulimit' to work around HPUX 9.x's peculiar
4505 handling of RLIMIT_FILESIZE.
4507 i. Some new loadable builtins were added: id, printenv, sync, whoami, push,
4508 mkdir. `pushd', `popd', and `dirs' can now be built as regular or
4509 loadable builtins from the same source file.
4511 j. Changes were made to `printf' to handle NUL bytes in the expanded format
4514 k. The various `make clean' Makefile targets now descend into lib/sh.
4516 l. The `type' builtin was changed to use the internal `getopt' so that things
4517 like `type -ap' work as expected.
4519 m. There is a new configuration option, --with-installed-readline, to link
4520 bash with a locally-installed version of readline. Only readline version
4521 4.0 and later releases can support this. Shared and static libraries
4522 are supported. The installed include files are used.
4524 n. There is a new autoconf macro used to find which basic type is 64 bits.
4526 o. Dynamic linking and loadable builtins should now work on SCO 3.2v5*,
4527 AIX 4.2 with gcc, Unixware 7, and many other systems using gcc, where
4528 the `-shared' options works correctly.
4530 p. A bug was fixed in the bash filename completion code that caused memory to
4531 be freed twice if a directory name containing an unset variable was
4532 completed and the -u option was set.
4534 q. The prompt expansion code now quotes the `$' in the `\$' expansion so it
4535 is not processed by subsequent parameter expansion.
4537 r. Fixed a parsing bug that caused a single or double quote after a `$$' to
4538 trigger ANSI C expansion or locale translation.
4540 s. Fixed a bug in the globbing code that caused quoted filenames containing
4541 no globbing characters to sometimes be incorrectly expanded.
4543 t. Changes to the default prompt strings if prompt string decoding is not
4544 compiled into the shell.
4546 u. Added `do', `then', `else', `{', and `(' to the list of keywords that may
4547 precede the `time' reserved word.
4549 v. The shell may now be cross-built for BeOS as well as cygwin32.
4551 w. The conditional command execution code now treats `=' the same as `=='
4552 for deciding when to perform pattern matching.
4554 x. The `-e' option no longer causes the shell to exit if a command exits
4555 with a non-zero status while running the startup files.
4557 y. The `printf' builtin no longer dumps core if a modifier is supplied in
4558 the format string without a conversion character (e.g. `%h').
4560 z. Array assignments of the form a=(...) no longer show up in the history
4563 aa. The parser was fixed to obey the POSIX.2 rules for finding the closing
4564 `}' in a ${...} expression.
4566 bb. The history file is now opened with mode 0600 rather than 0666, so bash
4567 no longer relies on the user's umask being set appropriately.
4569 cc. Setting LANG no longer causes LC_ALL to be assigned a value; bash now
4570 relies on proper behavior from the C library.
4572 dd. Minor changes were made to allow quoted variable expansions using
4573 ${...} to be completed correctly if there is no closing `"'.
4575 ee. Changes were made to builtins/Makefile.in so that configuring the shell
4576 with `--enable-profiling' works right and builtins/mkbuiltins is
4579 2. Changes to Readline
4581 a. The version number is now 4.0.
4583 b. There is no longer any #ifdef SHELL code in the source files.
4585 c. Some changes were made to the key binding code to fix memory leaks and
4586 better support Win32 systems.
4588 d. Fixed a silly typo in the paren matching code -- it's microseconds, not
4591 e. The readline library should be compilable by C++ compilers.
4593 f. The readline.h public header file now includes function prototypes for
4594 all readline functions, and some changes were made to fix errors in the
4595 source files uncovered by the use of prototypes.
4597 g. The maximum numeric argument is now clamped at 1000000.
4599 h. Fixes to rl_yank_last_arg to make it behave better.
4601 i. Fixed a bug in the display code that caused core dumps if the prompt
4602 string length exceeded 1024 characters.
4604 j. The menu completion code was fixed to properly insert a single completion
4605 if there is only one match.
4607 k. A bug was fixed that caused the display code to improperly display tabs
4610 3. New Features in Bash
4612 a. New `shopt' option, `restricted_shell', indicating whether or not the
4613 shell was started in restricted mode, for use in startup files.
4615 b. Filename generation is now performed on the words between ( and ) in
4616 array assignments (which it probably should have done all along).
4618 c. OLDPWD is now auto-exported, as POSIX.2 seems to require.
4620 d. ENV and BASH_ENV are read-only variables in a restricted shell.
4622 4. New Features in Readline
4624 a. Many changes to the signal handling:
4625 o Readline now catches SIGQUIT and cleans up the tty before returning;
4626 o A new variable, rl_catch_signals, is available to application writers
4627 to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its own
4628 signal handlers for SIGINT, SIGTERM, SIGQUIT, SIGALRM, SIGTSTP,
4629 SIGTTIN, and SIGTTOU;
4630 o A new variable, rl_catch_sigwinch, is available to application
4631 writers to indicate to readline whether or not it should install its
4632 own signal handler for SIGWINCH, which will chain to the calling
4633 applications's SIGWINCH handler, if one is installed;
4634 o There is a new function, rl_free_line_state, for application signal
4635 handlers to call to free up the state associated with the current
4636 line after receiving a signal;
4637 o There is a new function, rl_cleanup_after_signal, to clean up the
4638 display and terminal state after receiving a signal;
4639 o There is a new function, rl_reset_after_signal, to reinitialize the
4640 terminal and display state after an application signal handler
4641 returns and readline continues
4643 b. There is a new function, rl_resize_terminal, to reset readline's idea of
4644 the screen size after a SIGWINCH.
4646 c. New public functions: rl_save_prompt and rl_restore_prompt. These were
4647 previously private functions with a `_' prefix.
4649 d. New function hook: rl_pre_input_hook, called just before readline starts
4650 reading input, after initialization.
4652 e. New function hook: rl_display_matches_hook, called when readline would
4653 display the list of completion matches. The new function
4654 rl_display_match_list is what readline uses internally, and is available
4655 for use by application functions called via this hook.
4657 f. New bindable function, delete-char-or-list, like tcsh.
4659 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4660 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02.1-release,
4661 and the previous version, bash-2.02-release.
4665 a. A bug that caused the bash readline support to not compile unless aliases
4666 and csh-style history were configured into the shell was fixed.
4668 b. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when here documents contained
4669 more than 1000 characters.
4671 c. Fixed a bug that caused a CDPATH entry of "" to not be treated the same
4672 as the current directory when in POSIX mode.
4674 d. Fixed an alignment problem with the memory returned by the bash malloc,
4675 so returned memory is now 64-bit aligned.
4677 e. Fixed a bug that caused command substitutions executed within pipelines
4678 to put the terminal in the wrong process group.
4680 f. Fixes to support/config.sub for: alphas, SCO Open Server and Open Desktop,
4681 Unixware 2, and Unixware 7.
4683 g. Fixes to the pattern matching code to make it work correctly for eight-bit
4686 h. Fixed a problem that occasionally caused the shell to display the wrong
4687 value for the new working directory when changing to a directory found
4688 in $CDPATH when in physical mode.
4690 i. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when using conditional commands in
4693 j. Fixed a bug that caused the printf builtin to loop forever if the format
4694 string did not consume any of the arguments.
4696 k. Fixed a bug in the parameter expansion code that caused "$@" to be
4697 incorrectly split if $IFS did not contain a space character.
4699 l. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when completing hostnames if
4700 the number of matching hostnames was an exact multiple of 16.
4702 m. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to fork too early when a command
4703 such as `%2 &' was given.
4705 2. Changes to Readline
4707 a. Fixed a problem with redisplay that showed up when the prompt string was
4708 longer than the screen width and the prompt contained invisible characters.
4710 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4711 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-release,
4712 and the previous version, bash-2.02-beta2.
4716 a. A bug was fixed that caused the terminal process group to be set
4717 incorrectly when performing command substitution of builtins in a
4720 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4721 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-beta2,
4722 and the previous version, bash-2.02-beta1.
4726 a. Attempting to `wait' for stopped jobs now generates a warning message.
4728 b. Pipelines which exit due to SIGPIPE in non-interactive shells are now
4729 not reported if the shell is compiled -DDONT_REPORT_SIGPIPE.
4731 c. Some changes were made to builtins/psize.sh and support/bashbug.sh to
4732 attempt to avoid some /tmp file races and surreptitious file
4735 d. Fixed a bug that caused the shell not to compile if configured with
4736 dparen arithmetic but without aliases.
4738 e. Fixed a bug that caused the input stream to be switched when assigning
4739 empty arrays with `bash -c'.
4741 f. A bug was fixed in the readline expansion glue code that caused bash to
4742 dump core when expanding lines with an unclosed single quote.
4744 g. A fix was made to the `cd' builtin so that using a non-empty directory
4745 from $CDPATH results in an absolute pathname of the new current working
4746 directory to be displayed after the current directory is changed.
4748 h. Fixed a bug in the variable assignment code that caused the shell to
4749 dump core when referencing an unset variable with `set -u' enabled in
4750 an assignment statement preceding a command.
4752 i. Fixed a bug in the exit trap code that caused reserved words to not be
4753 recognized under certain circumstances.
4755 j. Fixed a bug in the parameter pattern substitution code so that quote
4756 removal is performed.
4758 k. The shell should now configure correctly on Apple Rhapsody systems.
4760 l. The `kill' builtin now prints a usage message if it is not passed any
4763 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4764 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-beta1,
4765 and the previous version, bash-2.02-alpha1.
4769 a. A few compilation bugs were fixed in the new extended globbing code.
4771 b. Executing arithmetic commands now sets the command name to `((' so
4772 error messages look right.
4774 c. Fixed some build problems with various configuration options.
4776 d. The `printf' builtin now aborts immediately if an illegal format
4777 character is encountered.
4779 e. The code that creates here-documents now behaves better if the file it's
4780 trying to create already exists for some reason.
4782 f. Fixed a problem with the extended globbing code that made patterns like
4783 `x+*' expand incorrectly.
4785 g. The prompt string expansion code no longer quotes tildes with backslashes.
4787 h. The bash getcwd() implementation in lib/sh/getcwd.c now behaves better in
4788 the presence of lstat(2) failures.
4790 i. Fixed a bug with strsub() that caused core dumps when executing `fc -s'.
4792 j. The mail checking code now ensures that it has a valid default mailpath.
4794 k. A bug was fixed that caused local variables to be unset inappropriately
4795 when sourcing a script from within another sourced script.
4797 l. A bug was fixed in the history saving code so that functions are saved
4798 in the history list correctly if `cmdhist' is enabled, but `lithist'
4801 m. A bug was fixed that caused printf overflows when displaying error
4804 n. It should be easier to build the loadble builtins in examples/loadables,
4805 though some manual editing of the generated Makefile is still required.
4807 o. The user's primary group is now always ${GROUPS[0]}.
4809 p. Some updates were made to support/config.guess from the GNU master copy.
4811 q. Some changes were made to the autoconf support for Solaris 2.6 large
4814 r. The `command' builtins now does the right thing when confstr(3) cannot
4815 find a value for _CS_PATH.
4817 s. Extended globbing expressions like `*.!(c)' are not history expanded if
4818 `extglob' is enabled.
4820 t. Using the `-P' option to `cd' will force the value that is assigned to
4821 PWD to not contain any symbolic links.
4823 2. Changes to Readline
4825 a. The code that prints completion listings now behaves better if one or
4826 more of the filenames contains non-printable characters.
4828 b. The time delay when showing matching parentheses is now 0.5 seconds.
4830 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4831 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.02-alpha1,
4832 and the previous version, bash-2.01.1-release.
4836 a. OS-specific configuration changes for: BSD/OS 3.x, Minix 2.x,
4837 Solaris 2.6, SINIX SVR4.
4839 b. Changes were made to the generated `info' files so that `install-info'
4842 c. PWD is now auto-exported.
4844 d. A fix was made to the pipeline code to make sure that the shell forks
4845 to execute simple commands consisting solely of assignment statements.
4847 e. Changes to the test suite for systems with 14-character filenames.
4849 f. The default sizes of some internal hash tables have been made smaller
4850 to reduce the shell's memory footprint.
4852 g. The `((...))' arithmetic command is now executed directly instead of
4853 being translated into `let "..."'.
4855 h. Fixes were made to the expansion code so that "$*", "$@", "${array[@]}",
4856 and "${array[@]}" expand correctly when IFS does not contain a space
4857 character, is unset, or is set to NULL.
4859 i. The indirect expansion code (${!var}) was changed so that the only
4860 valid values of `var' are variable names, positional parameters, `#',
4863 j. An arithmetic expression error in a $((...)) expansion now causes a
4864 non-interactive shell running in posix mode to exit.
4866 k. Compound array assignment now splits the words within the parentheses
4867 on shell metacharacters like the parser would before expansing them
4868 and performing the assignment. This is for compatibility with ksh-93.
4870 l. The internal shell backslash-quoting code (used in the output of `set'
4871 and completion) now quotes tildes if they appear at the start of the
4872 string or after a `=' or `:'.
4874 m. A couple of bugs with `shopt -o' were fixed.
4876 n. `bash +o' now displays the same output as `set +o' before starting an
4879 o. A bug that caused command substitution and the `eval' builtin to
4880 occasionally free memory twice when an error was encountered was fixed.
4882 p. The filename globbing code no longer requires read permission for a
4883 directory when the filename to be matched does not contain any globbing
4884 characters, as POSIX.2 specifies.
4886 q. A bug was fixed so that the job containing the last asynchronous
4887 process is not removed from the job table until a `wait' is executed
4888 for that process or another asynchronous process is started. This
4889 satisfies a POSIX.2 requirement.
4891 r. A `select' bug was fixed so that a non-numeric user response is treated
4892 the same as a numeric response that is out of range.
4894 s. The shell no longer parses the value of SHELLOPTS from the environment
4895 if it is restricted, running setuid, or running in `privileged mode'.
4897 t. Fixes were made to enable large file support on systems such as
4898 Solaris 2.6, where the size of a file may be larger than can be held
4901 u. The filename hashing code was fixed to not add `./' to the beginning of
4902 filenames which already begin with `./'.
4904 v. The configure script was changed so that the GNU termcap library is not
4905 compiled in if `prefer-curses' has been specified.
4907 w. HISTCONTROL and HISTIGNORE are no longer applied to the second and
4908 subsequent lines of a multi-line command.
4910 x. A fix was made to `disown' so that it does a better job of catching
4913 y. Non-interactive shells no longer report the status of processes terminated
4914 due to SIGINT, even if the standard output is a terminal.
4916 z. A bug that caused the output of `jobs' to have extra carriage returns
4919 aa. A bug that caused PIPESTATUS to not be set when builtins or shell
4920 functions were executed in the foreground was fixed.
4922 bb. Bash now attempts to detect when it is being run by sshd, and treats
4923 that case identically to being run by rshd.
4925 cc. A bug that caused `set -a' to export SHELLOPTS when one of the shell
4926 options was changed was fixed.
4928 dd. The `kill' builtin now disallows empty or missing process id arguments
4929 instead of treating them as identical to `0', which means the current
4932 ee. `var=value declare -x var' now behaves identically to
4933 `var=value export var'. Similarly for `var=value declare -r var' and
4934 `var=value readonly var'.
4936 ff. A few memory leaks were fixed.
4938 gg. `alias' and `unalias' now print error messages when passed an argument
4939 that is not an alias for printing or deletion, even when the shell is
4940 not interactive, as POSIX.2 specifies.
4942 hh. `alias' and `alias -p' now return a status of 0 when no aliases are
4943 defined, as POSIX.2 specifes.
4945 ii. `cd -' now prints the pathname of the new working directory if the shell
4948 jj. A fix was made so that the code that binds $PWD now copes with getcwd()
4951 kk. `unset' now checks whether or not a function name it's trying to unset
4952 is a valid shell identifier only when the shell is running in posix mode.
4954 ll. A change was made to the code that generates filenames for here documents
4955 to make them less prone to name collisions.
4957 mm. The parser was changed so that `time' is recognized as a reserved word
4958 only at the beginning of a pipeline.
4960 nn. The pathname canonicalization code was changed so that `//' is converted
4961 into `/', but all other pathnames beginning with `//' are left alone, as
4964 oo. The `logout' builtin will no longer exit a non-interactive non-login
4967 2. Changes to Readline
4969 a. Fixed a problem in the readline test program rltest.c that caused a core
4972 b. The code that handles parser directives in inputrc files now displays
4973 more error messages.
4975 c. The history expansion code was fixed so that the appearance of the
4976 history comment character at the beginning of a word inhibits history
4977 expansion for that word and the rest of the input line.
4979 3. New Features in Bash
4981 a. A new version of malloc, based on the older GNU malloc, that has many
4982 changes, is more page-based, is more conservative with memory usage,
4983 and does not `orphan' large blocks when they are freed.
4985 b. A new version of gmalloc, based on the old GLIBC malloc, with many
4986 changes and range checking included by default.
4988 c. A new implementation of fnmatch(3) that includes full POSIX.2 Basic
4989 Regular Expression matching, including character classes, collating
4990 symbols, equivalence classes, and support for case-insensitive pattern
4993 d. ksh-88 egrep-style extended pattern matching ([@+*?!](patlist)) has been
4994 implemented, controlled by a new `shopt' option, `extglob'.
4996 e. There is a new ksh-like `[[' compound command, which implements
4997 extended `test' functionality.
4999 f. There is a new `printf' builtin, implemented according to the POSIX.2
5002 g. There is a new feature for command substitution: $(< filename) now expands
5003 to the contents of `filename', with any trailing newlines removed
5004 (equivalent to $(cat filename)).
5006 h. There are new tilde prefixes which expand to directories from the
5009 i. There is a new `**' arithmetic operator to do exponentiation.
5011 j. There are new configuration options to control how bash is linked:
5012 `--enable-profiling', to allow bash to be profiled with gprof, and
5013 `--enable-static-link', to allow bash to be linked statically.
5015 k. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-cond-command', which
5016 controls whether or not the `[[' command is included. It is on by
5019 l. There is a new configuration option, `--enable-extended-glob', which
5020 controls whether or not the ksh extended globbing feature is included.
5021 It is enabled by default.
5023 m. There is a new configuration #define in config.h.top that, when enabled,
5024 will cause all login shells to source /etc/profile and one of the user-
5025 specific login shell startup files, whether or not the shell is
5028 n. There is a new invocation option, `--dump-po-strings', to dump
5029 a shell script's translatable strings ($"...") in GNU `po' format.
5031 o. There is a new `shopt' option, `nocaseglob', to enable case-insensitive
5032 pattern matching when globbing filenames and using the `case' construct.
5034 p. There is a new `shopt' option, `huponexit', which, when enabled, causes
5035 the shell to send SIGHUP to all jobs when an interactive login shell
5038 q. `bind' has a new `-u' option, which takes a readline function name as an
5039 argument and unbinds all key sequences bound to that function in a
5042 r. `disown' now has `-a' and `-r' options, to limit operation to all jobs
5043 and running jobs, respectively.
5045 s. The `shopt' `-p' option now causes output to be displayed in a reusable
5048 t. `test' has a new `-N' option, which returns true if the filename argument
5049 has been modified since it was last accessed.
5051 u. `umask' now has a `-p' option to print output in a reusable format.
5053 v. A new escape sequence, `\xNNN', has been added to the `echo -e' and $'...'
5054 translation code. It expands to the character whose ascii code is NNN
5057 w. The prompt string expansion code has a new `\r' escape sequence.
5059 x. The shell may now be cross-compiled for the CYGWIN32 environment on
5062 4. New Features in Readline
5064 a. There is now an option for `iterative' yank-last-arg handline, so a user
5065 can keep entering `M-.', yanking the last argument of successive history
5068 b. New variable, `print-completions-horizontally', which causes completion
5069 matches to be displayed across the screen (like `ls -x') rather than up
5070 and down the screen (like `ls').
5072 c. New variable, `completion-ignore-case', which causes filename completion
5073 and matching to be performed case-insensitively.
5075 d. There is a new bindable command, `magic-space', which causes history
5076 expansion to be performed on the current readline buffer and a space to
5077 be inserted into the result.
5079 e. There is a new bindable command, `menu-complete', which enables tcsh-like
5080 menu completion (successive executions of menu-complete insert a single
5081 completion match, cycling through the list of possible completions).
5083 f. There is a new bindable command, `paste-from-clipboard', for use on Win32
5084 systems, to insert the text from the Win32 clipboard into the editing
5087 g. The key sequence translation code now understands printf-style backslash
5088 escape sequences, including \NNN octal escapes. These escape sequences
5089 may be used in key sequence definitions or macro values.
5091 h. An `$include' inputrc file parser directive has been added.
5093 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5094 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01.1-release,
5095 and the previous version, bash-2.01-release.
5099 a. The select command was fixed to check the validity of the user's
5100 input more strenuously.
5102 b. A bug was fixed that prevented `time' from timing commands correctly
5103 when supplied as an argument to `bash -c'.
5105 c. A fix was made to the mail checking code to keep from adding the same
5106 mail file to the list of files to check multiple times when parsing
5109 d. Fixed an off-by-one error in the tilde expansion library.
5111 e. When using the compound array assignment syntax, the old value of
5112 the array is cleared before assigning the new value.
5114 f. Fixed a bug that could cause a core dump when a trap handler was reset
5115 to the default in the trap command associated with that signal.
5117 g. Fixed a bug in the locale code that occurred when assigning a value
5120 h. A change was made to the parser so that words of the form xxx=(...)
5121 are not considered compound assignment statements unless there are
5122 characters before the `='.
5124 i. A fix was made to the command tracing code to correctly quote each
5127 j. Some changes were made to the bash-specific autoconf tests to make them
5130 k. Completion of words with globbing characters now correctly quotes the
5133 l. The directory /var/spool/mail is now preferred to /usr/spool/mail when
5134 configure is deciding on the default mail directory.
5136 m. The brace completion code was fixed to not quote the `{' and `}'.
5138 n. Some fixes were made to make $RANDOM more random in subshells.
5140 o. System-specific changes were made to configure for: SVR4.2
5142 p. Changes were made so that completion of words containing globbing chars
5143 substitutes the result only if a single filename was matched.
5145 q. The window size is now recomputed after a job is stopped with SIGTSTP if
5146 the user has set `checkwinsize' with `shopt'.
5148 r. When doing substring expansion, out-of-range substring specifiers now
5149 cause nothing to be substituted rather than an expansion error.
5151 s. A fix was made so that you can no longer trap `SIGEXIT' or `SIGDEBUG' --
5152 only `EXIT' and `DEBUG' are accepted.
5154 t. The display of trapped signals now uses the signal number if signals
5155 for which bash does not know the name are trapped.
5157 u. A fix was made so that `bash -r' does not turn on restricted mode until
5158 after the startup files are executed.
5160 v. A bug was fixed that occasionally caused a core dump when a variable
5161 found in the temporary environment of export/declare/readonly had a
5164 w. A bug that occasionally caused unallocated memory to be passed to free()
5165 when doing arithmetic substitution was fixed.
5167 x. A bug that caused a buffer overrun when expanding a prompt string
5168 containing `\w' and ${#PWD} exceeded PATH_MAX was fixed.
5170 y. A problem with the completion code that occasionally caused it to
5171 refer to a character before the beginning of the readline line buffer
5174 z. A bug was fixed so that the `read' builtin restarts reads when
5175 interrupted by signals other than SIGINT.
5177 aa. Fixed a bug that caused a command to be freed twice when there was
5178 an evaluation error in the `eval' command.
5180 2. Changes to Readline
5182 a. Added a missing `extern' to a declaration in readline.h that kept
5183 readline from compiling cleanly on some systems.
5185 b. The history file is now opened with mode 0600 when it is written for
5188 c. Changes were made to the SIGWINCH handling code so that prompt redisplay
5191 d. ^G now interrupts incremental searches correctly.
5193 e. A bug that caused a core dump when the set of characters to be quoted
5194 when completing words was empty was fixed.
5196 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5197 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-release,
5198 and the previous version, bash-2.01-beta2.
5202 a. The `distclean' target should remove the `printenv' executable if it
5205 b. The test suite was changed slightly to ensure that the error messages
5206 are printed in English.
5208 c. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when a filename containing a
5209 `/' was passed to `hash' was fixed.
5211 d. Pathname canonicalization now leaves a leading `//' intact, as POSIX.1
5214 e. A memory leak when completing commands was fixed.
5216 f. A memory leak that occurred when checking the hash table for commands
5217 with relative paths was fixed.
5219 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5220 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-beta2,
5221 and the previous version, bash-2.01-beta1.
5225 a. The `ulimit' builtin translates RLIM_INFINITY to the hard limit only if
5226 the current (soft) limit is less than or equal to the hard limit.
5228 b. Fixed a bug that caused the bash emulation of strcasecmp to produce
5231 c. A bug that caused memory to be freed twice when a trap handler resets
5232 the trap more than once was fixed.
5234 d. A bug that caused machines where sizeof (pointer) > sizeof (int) to
5235 fail (and possibly dump core) when trying to unwind-protect a null
5238 e. The startup files should not be run with job control enabled. This fix
5239 allows SIGINT to once again interrupt startup file execution.
5241 f. Bash should not change the SIGPROF handler if it is set to something
5244 g. The completion code that provides bash-specific completions for readline
5245 now quotes characters that the readline code would treat as word break
5246 characters if they appear in a file name.
5248 h. The completion code now correctly quotes filenames containing a `!',
5249 even if the user attempted to use double quotes when attempting
5252 i. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when `disown' was called without
5253 arguments and there was no current job was fixed.
5255 j. A construct like $((foo);bar) is now processed as a command substitution
5256 rather than as a bad arithmetic substitution.
5258 k. A couple of bugs that caused `fc' to not obey the `cmdhist' and `lithist'
5259 shell options when editing and re-executing a series of commands were
5262 l. A fix was made to the grammar -- the list of commands between `do' and
5263 `done' in the body of a `for' command should be treated the same as a
5266 2. Changes to Readline
5268 a. A couple of bugs that caused the history search functions to attempt to
5269 free a NULL pointer were fixed.
5271 b. If the C library provides setlocale(3), readline does not need to look
5272 at various environment variables to decide whether or not to go into
5273 eight-bit mode automatically -- just check whether the current locale
5274 is not `C' or `POSIX'.
5276 c. If the filename completion function finds that a directory was not closed
5277 by a previous (interrupted) completion, it closes the directory with
5280 3. New Features in Bash
5282 a. New bindable readline commands: history-and-alias-expand-line and
5283 alias-expand-line. The code was always in there, there was just no
5286 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5287 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-beta1,
5288 and the previous version, bash-2.01-alpha1.
5292 a. Fixed a problem that could cause file descriptors used for process
5293 substitution to conflict with those used explicitly in redirections.
5295 b. Made it easier to regenerate configure if the user changes configure.in.
5297 c. ${GROUPS[0]} should always be the primary group, even on systems without
5300 d. Spelling correction is no longer enabled by default.
5302 e. Fixes to quoting problems in `bashbug'.
5304 f. OS-specific configuration changes were made for: Irix 6.
5306 g. OS-specific code changes were made for: QNX.
5308 h. A more meaningful message is now printed when the file in /tmp for a
5309 here document cannot be created.
5311 i. Many changes to the shell's variable initialization code to speed
5312 non-interactive startup.
5314 j. Changes to the non-job-control code so that it does not try to open
5317 k. The output of `set' and `export' is once again sorted, as POSIX wants.
5319 l. Fixed a problem caused by a recursive call reparsing the value of
5322 m. The tilde code no longer calls getenv() when it's compiled as part of
5323 the shell, which should eliminate problems on systems that cannot
5324 redefine getenv(), like the NeXT OS.
5326 n. Fixed a problem that caused `bash -o' or `bash +o' to not list all
5329 o. Fixed `ulimit' to convert RLIM_INFINITY to the appropriate hard limit
5330 only if the hard limit is greater than the current (soft) limit.
5332 p. Fixed a problem that arose when building bash in a different directory
5333 than the source and y.tab.[ch] were remade with something other than
5334 bison. This came up most often on NetBSD.
5336 q. Fixed a problem with completion -- it thought that `pwd`/[TAB] indicated
5337 an unfinished command completion (`/), which generated errors.
5339 r. The bash special tilde expansions (~-, ~+) are now attempted before
5340 calling the standard tilde expansion code, which should eliminate the
5341 problems people have been seeing with this on Solaris 2.5.1.
5343 s. Added support for <stdarg.h> to places where it was missing.
5345 t. Changed the code that reads the output of a command substitution to not
5346 go through stdio. This reduces the memory requirements and is faster.
5348 u. A number of changes to speed up export environment creation were made.
5350 v. A number of memory leaks were fixed as the result of running the test
5351 scripts through Purify.
5353 w. Fixed a bug that caused subshells forked to interpret executable
5354 scripts without a leading `#!' to not reinitialize the values of
5357 2. Changes to Readline
5359 a. History library has less `#ifdef SHELL' code -- abstracted stuff out
5360 into application-specific function hooks.
5362 b. Readline no longer calls getenv() if it's compiled as part of the shell,
5363 which should eliminate problems on systems that cannot redefine getenv(),
5366 c. Fixed translation of ESC when `untranslating' macro values.
5368 d. The region kill operation now fixes the mark if it ends up beyond the
5369 boundaries of the line after the region is deleted.
5371 3. New Features in Bash
5373 a. New argument for `configure': `--with-curses'. This can be used to
5374 override the selection of the termcap library on systems where it is
5377 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5378 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.01-alpha1,
5379 and the previous version, bash-2.0-release.
5383 a. System-specific configuration changes for: FreeBSD, SunOS4, Irix,
5384 MachTen, QNX 4.2, Harris Night Hawk, SunOS5.
5386 b. System-specific code changes were made for: Linux, 4.4 BSD, QNX 4.2,
5389 c. A bug that caused the exec builtin to fail because the full pathname of
5390 the command could not be found was fixed.
5392 d. The code that performs output redirections is now more resistant to
5393 race conditions and possible security exploits.
5395 e. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when performing pattern
5396 substitutions on variable values was fixed.
5398 f. More hosts are now recognized by the auto-configuration mechanism
5399 (OpenBSD, QNX, others).
5401 g. Assignments to read-only variables that attempt to convert them to
5402 arrays are now errors.
5404 h. A bug that caused shell scripts using array assignments in POSIX mode
5405 to exit after the assignment was performed was fixed.
5407 i. The substring expansion code is now more careful about running off the
5408 ends of the expanded variable value.
5410 j. A bug that caused completion to fail if a backquoted command substitution
5411 appeared anywhere on the line was fixed.
5413 k. The `source' builtin no longer turns off history if it has been enabled
5414 in a non-interactive shell.
5416 l. A bug that caused the shell to crash when `disown' was given a pid
5417 instead of a job number was fixed.
5419 m. The `cd' spelling correction code will not try to change to `.' if no
5420 directory entries match a single-character argument.
5422 n. A bad variable name supplied to `declare', `export', or `readonly' no
5423 longer causes a non-interactive shell in POSIX mode to exit.
5425 o. Some fixes were made to the test suite to handle peculiarities of
5426 various Unix versions.
5428 p. The bash completion code now quotes characters that readline would
5429 treat as word breaks for completion but are not shell metacharacters.
5431 q. Bad options supplied at invocation now cause a usage message to be
5434 r. Fixes were made to the code that handles DEBUG traps so that the trap
5435 string is not freed inappropriately.
5437 s. Some changes were made to the bash debugger in examples/bashdb -- it
5438 should be closer to working now.
5440 t. A problem that caused the default filename used for mail checking to be
5443 u. A fix was made to the `echo' builtin so that NUL characters printed with
5444 `echo -e' do not cause the output to be truncated.
5446 v. A fix was made to the job control code so that the shell behaves better
5447 when monitor mode is enabled in a non-interactive shell.
5449 w. Bash no longer catches all of the terminating signals in a non-
5450 interactive shell until a trap is set on EXIT, which should result in
5453 x. A fix was made to the command timing code so that `time' can be used in
5456 y. A fix was made to the parser so that `((cmd); cmd2)' is now parsed as
5457 a nested subshell rather than strictly as an (erroneous) arithmetic
5460 z. A fix was made to the globbing code so that it correctly matches quoted
5461 filenames beginning with a `.'.
5463 aa. A bug in `fc' that caused some multi-line commands to not be stored as
5464 one command in the history when they were re-executed after editing
5465 (with `fc -e') was fixed.
5467 bb. The `ulimit' builtin now attempts to catch some classes of integer
5470 cc. The command-oriented-history code no longer attempts to add `;'
5471 inappropriately when a newline appears while reading a $(...) command
5474 dd. A bug that caused the shell to dump core when `help --' was executed
5477 ee. A bug that caused the shell to crash when an unset variable appeared
5478 in the body of a here document after `set -u' had been executed was
5481 ff. Implicit input redirections from /dev/null for asynchronous commands
5482 are now handled better.
5484 gg. A bug that caused the shell to fail to compile when configured with
5485 `--disable-readline' was fixed.
5487 hh. The globbing code should now be interruptible.
5489 ii. Bash now notices when the `kill' builtin is used to send SIGCONT to a
5490 stopped job and adjusts the data structures accordingly, as if `bg' had
5491 been executed instead.
5493 jj. A bug that caused the shell to crash when mixing calls to `getopts'
5494 and `shift' on the same set of positional parameters was fixed.
5496 kk. The command printing code now preserves the `-p' flag to `time'.
5498 ll. The command printing code now handles here documents better when there
5499 are other redirections associated with the command.
5501 mm. The special glibc environment variable (NNN_GNU_nonoption_argv_flags_)
5502 is no longer placed into the environment of executed commands -- users
5503 of glibc had too many problems with it.
5505 nn. Reorganized the code that generates signames.h. The signal_names list
5506 is now more complete but may be slightly different (SIGABRT is favored
5507 over SIGIOT, for example). The preferred signal names are those
5508 listed in the POSIX.2 standard.
5510 oo. `bashbug' now uses a filename shorter than 14 characters for its
5511 temporary file, and asks for confirmation before sending the bug
5514 pp. A bug that caused TAB completion in vi editing mode to not be turned
5515 off when `set -o posix' was executed or back on when `set +o posix'
5516 was executed was fixed.
5518 qq. A bug in the brace expansion code that caused brace expansions appearing
5519 in new-style $(...) command substitutions to be inappropriately expanded
5522 rr. A bug in the readline hook shell-expand-line that could cause memory to
5523 be inappropriately freed was fixed.
5525 ss. A bug that caused some arithmetic expressions containing `&&' and `||'
5526 to be parsed with the wrong precedence has been fixed.
5528 tt. References to unbound variables after `set -u' has been executed now
5529 cause the shell to exit immediately, as they should.
5531 uu. A bug that caused the shell to exit inappropriately when `set -e' had
5532 been executed and a command's return status was being inverted with the
5533 `!' reserved word was fixed.
5535 vv. A bug that could occasionally cause the shell to crash with a
5536 divide-by-zero error when timing a command was fixed.
5538 ww. A bug that caused parameter pattern substitution to leave stray
5539 backslashes in the replacement string when the expression is in
5540 double quotes was fixed.
5542 xx. The `break' and `continue' builtins now break out of all loops when an
5543 invalid count argument is supplied.
5545 yy. Fixed a bug that caused PATH to be set to the empty string if
5546 `command -p' is executed with PATH unset.
5548 zz. Fixed `kill -l signum' to print the signal name without the `SIG' prefix,
5551 aaa. Fixed a bug that caused the shell to crash while setting $SHELLOPTS
5552 if there were no shell options set.
5554 bbb. Fixed `export -p' and `readonly -p' so that when the shell is in POSIX
5555 mode, their output is as POSIX.2 specifies.
5557 ccc. Fixed a bug in `readonly' so that `readonly -a avar=(...)' actually
5558 creates an array variable.
5560 ddd. Fixed a bug that prevented `time' from correctly timing background
5563 2. Changes to Readline
5565 a. A bug that caused an extra newline to be printed when the cursor was on
5566 an otherwise empty line was fixed.
5568 b. An instance of memory being used after it was freed was corrected.
5570 c. The redisplay code now works when the prompt is longer than the screen
5573 d. `dump-macros' is now a bindable name, as it should have been all along.
5575 e. Non-printable characters are now expanded when displaying macros and
5578 f. The `dump-variables' and `dump-macros' commands now output a leading
5579 newline if they're called as the result of a key sequence, rather
5580 than directly by an application.
5582 3. New Features in Bash
5584 a. There is a new builtin array variable: GROUPS, the set of groups to which
5585 the user belongs. This is used by the test suite.
5587 4. New Features in Readline
5589 a. If a key sequence bound to `universal-argument' is read while reading a
5590 numeric argument started with `universal-argument', it terminates the
5591 argument but is otherwise ignored. This provides a way to insert multiple
5592 instances of a digit string, and is how GNU emacs does it.
5594 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5595 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-release,
5596 and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta3.
5600 a. Fix to the `getopts' builtin so that it does the right thing when a
5601 required option argument is not present.
5603 b. The completion code now updates the common prefix of matched names
5604 after FIGNORE processing is done, since any names that were removed
5605 may have changed the common prefix.
5607 c. Fixed a bug that made messages in MAILPATH entries not work correctly.
5609 d. Fixed a serious documentation error in the description of the new
5610 ${parameter:offset[:length]} expansion.
5612 e. Fixes to make parameter substring expansion ({$param:offset[:length]})
5613 work when within double quotes.
5615 f. Fixes to make ^A (CTLESC) survive an unquoted expansion of positional
5618 g. Corrected a misspelling of `unlimited' in the output of `ulimit'.
5620 h. Fixed a bug that caused executable scripts without a leading `#!' to
5621 occasionally pick up the wrong set of positional parameters.
5623 i. Linux systems now have a working `ulimit -v', using RLIMIT_AS.
5625 j. Updated config.guess so that many more machine types are recognized.
5627 k. Fixed a bug with backslash-quoted slashes in the ${param/pat[/sub]}
5630 l. If the shell is named `-su', and `-c command' is supplied, read and
5631 execute the login shell startup files even though the shell is not
5632 interactive. This is to support the `-' option to `su'.
5634 m. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps when the DEBUG trap was ignored
5635 with `trap "" DEBUG' and a shell function was subsequently executed.
5637 n. Fixed a bug that caused core dumps in the read builtin when IFS was
5638 set to the null string and the input had leading whitespace.
5640 2. Changes to Readline
5642 a. Fixed a bug that caused a numeric argument of 1024 to be ignored when
5645 b. Fixed the display code so that the numeric argument is displayed as it's
5648 c. Fixed the numeric argument reading code so that `M-- command' is
5649 equivalent to `M--1 command', as the prompt implies.
5651 3. New Features in Bash
5653 a. `ulimit' now sets both hard and soft limits and reports the soft limit
5654 by default (when neither -H nor -S is specified). This is compatible
5655 with versions of sh and ksh that implement `ulimit'.
5657 b. Integer constants have been extended to base 64.
5659 4. New Features in Readline
5661 a. The `home' and `end' keys are now bound to beginning-of-line and
5662 end-of-line, respectively, if the corresponding termcap capabilities
5665 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5666 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta3,
5667 and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta2.
5671 a. System-specific changes for: AIX 4.2, SCO 3.2v[45], HP-UX.
5673 b. When in POSIX mode, variable assignments preceding a special builtin
5674 persist in the shell environment after the builtin completes.
5676 c. Changed all calls to getwd() to getcwd(). Improved check for systems
5677 where the libc getcwd() calls popen(), since that breaks on some
5678 systems when job control is being used.
5680 d. Fixed a bug that caused seg faults when executing scripts with the
5681 execute bit set but without a leading `#!'.
5683 e. The environment passed to executed commands is never sorted.
5685 f. A bug was fixed in the code that expands ${name[@]} to the number of
5686 elements in an array variable.
5688 g. A bug was fixed in the array compound assignment code ( A=( ... ) ).
5690 h. Window size changes now correctly propagate down to readline if
5691 the shopt `checkwinsize' option is enabled.
5693 i. A fix was made in the code that expands to the length of a variable
5696 j. A fix was made to the command builtin so that it did not turn on the
5697 `no fork' flag inappropriately.
5699 k. A fix was made to make `set -n' work more reliably.
5701 l. A fix was made to the job control initialization code so that the
5702 terminal process group is set to the shell's process group if the
5703 shell changes its own process group.
5705 2. Changes to Readline
5707 a. System-specific changes for: SCO 3.2v[45].
5709 b. The behavior of the vi-mode `.' when redoing an `i' command was changed
5710 to insert the text previously inserted by the `i' command rather than
5711 simply entering insert mode.
5713 3. New features in Bash
5715 a. There is a new version of the autoload function package, in
5716 examples/functions/autoload.v2, that uses arrays and provides more
5719 b. Support for LC_COLLATE and locale-specific sorting of the results of
5720 pathname expansion if strcoll() is available.
5722 4. New Features in Readline
5724 a. Support for locale-specific sorting of completion possibilities if
5725 strcoll() is available.
5727 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5728 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta2,
5729 and the previous version, bash-2.0-beta1.
5733 a. `pushd -' is once again equivalent to `pushd $OLDPWD'.
5735 b. OS-specific changes for: SCO 3.2v[45].
5737 c. A change was made to the fix for the recently-reported security hole
5738 when reading characters with octal value 255 to make it work better on
5739 systems with restartable system calls when not using readline.
5741 d. Some changes were made to the test suite so that it works if you
5742 configure bash with --enable-usg-echo-default.
5744 e. A fix was made to the parsing of conditional arithmetic expressions.
5746 f. Illegal arithmetic bases now cause an arithmetic evaluation error rather
5747 than being silently reset.
5749 g. Multiple arithmetic bases now cause an arithmetic evaluation error
5750 instead of being ignored.
5752 h. A fix was made to the evaluation of ${param?word} to conform to POSIX.2.
5754 i. A bug that sometimes caused array indices to be evaluated twice (which
5755 would cause errors when they contained assignment statements) was fixed.
5757 j. `ulimit' was rewritten to avoid problems with getrlimit(2) returning
5758 unsigned values and to simplify the code.
5760 k. A bug in the command-oriented-history code that caused it to sometimes
5761 put semicolons after right parens inappropriately was fixed.
5763 l. The values inserted into the prompt by the \w and \W escape sequences
5764 are now quoted to prevent further expansion.
5766 m. An interactive shell invoked as `sh' now reads and executes commands
5767 from the file named by $ENV when it starts up. If it's a login shell,
5768 it does this after reading /etc/profile and ~/.profile.
5770 n. The file named by $ENV is never read by non-interactive shells.
5772 2. Changes to Readline
5774 a. A few changes were made to hide some macros and functions that should not
5777 b. An off-by-one error that caused seg faults in the history expansion code
5780 3. New Features in Bash
5782 a. The ksh-style ((...)) arithmetic command was implemented. It is exactly
5783 identical to let "...". This is controlled by a new option to configure,
5784 `--enable-dparen-arithmetic', which is on by default.
5786 b. There is a new #define available in config.h.top: SYS_BASH_LOGOUT. If
5787 defined to a filename, bash reads and executes commands from that file
5788 when a login shell exits. It's commented out by default.
5790 c. `ulimit' has a `-l' option that reports the maximum amount of data that
5791 may be locked into memory on 4.4BSD-based systems.
5793 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5794 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-beta1,
5795 and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha4.
5799 a. A bug that sometimes caused traps to be ignored on signals the
5800 shell treats specially was fixed.
5802 b. The internationalization code was changed to track the values of
5803 LC_* variables and call setlocale() as appropriate. The TEXTDOMAIN
5804 and TEXTDOMAINDIR variables are also tracked; changes cause calls
5805 to textdomain() and bindtextdomain(), if available.
5807 c. A bug was fixed that sometimes caused double-quoted strings to be
5810 d. Changes were made so that the siglist code compiles correctly on
5813 e. Added `:' to the set of characters that cause word breaks for the
5814 completion code so that pathnames in assignments to $PATH can be
5817 f. The `select' command was fixed to print $PS3 to stderr.
5819 g. Fixed an error in the manual page section describing the effect that
5820 setting and unsetting GLOBIGNORE has on the setting of the `dotglob'
5823 h. The time conversion code now uses CLK_TCK rather than CLOCKS_PER_SEC
5824 on systems without gettimeofday() and resources.
5826 i. The getopt static variables are now initialized each time a subshell
5827 is started, so subshells using `getopts' work right.
5829 j. A sign-extension bug that caused a possible security hole was fixed.
5831 k. The parser now reads characters between backquotes within a double-
5832 quoted string as a single word, so double quotes in the backquoted
5833 string don't terminate the enclosing double-quoted string.
5835 l. A bug that caused `^O' to work incorrectly when typed as the first
5836 thing to an interactive shell was fixed.
5838 m. A rarely-exercised off-by-one error in the code that quotes variable
5841 n. Some memory and file descriptor leaks encountered when running a
5842 shell script that is executable but does not have a leading `#!'
5845 2. Changes to Readline
5847 a. A bug that sometimes caused incorrect results when trying to read
5848 typeahead on systems without FIONREAD was fixed.
5850 3. New Features in Bash
5852 a. The command timing code now uses the value of the TIMEFORMAT variable
5853 to format and display timing statistics.
5855 b. The `time' reserved word now accepts a `-p' option to force the
5856 POSIX.2 output format.
5858 c. There are a couple of new and updated scripts to convert csh startup
5859 files to bash format.
5861 d. There is a new builtin array variable: BASH_VERSINFO. The various
5862 members hold the parts of the version information in BASH_VERSION,
5863 plus the value of MACHTYPE.
5865 4. New Features in Readline
5867 a. Setting LANG to `en_US.ISO8859-1' now causes readline to enter
5870 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5871 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha4,
5872 and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha3.
5876 a. There is better detection of rsh connections on Solaris 2.
5878 b. Assignments to read-only variables preceding a command name are now
5879 variable assignment errors. Variable assignment errors cause
5880 non-interactive shells running in posix mode to exit.
5882 c. The word tokenizer was rewritten to handle nested quotes and pairs
5883 ('', "", ``, ${...}, $(...), $[...], $'...', $"...", <(...), >(...))
5884 correctly. Some of the parameter expansion code was updated as a
5887 d. A fix was made to `test' when given three arguments so that a binary
5888 operator is checked for first, before checking that the first argument
5891 e. 2''>/dev/null is no longer equivalent to 2>/dev/null.
5893 f. Parser error messages were regularized, and in most cases the name of
5894 the shell script being read by a non-interactive shell is not printed
5897 g. A fix was made to the completion code so that it no longer removes the
5898 text the user typed in some cases.
5900 h. The special glibc `getopt' environment variable is no longer put into
5901 the environment on machines with small values of ARG_MAX.
5903 i. The expansion of ${...} now follows the POSIX.2 rules for finding the
5906 j. The shell no longer displays spurious status messages for background
5907 jobs in shell scripts that complete successfully when the script is
5908 run from a terminal.
5910 k. `shopt -o' now correctly updates $SHELLOPTS.
5912 l. A bug that caused the $PATH searching code to return a non-executable
5913 file even when an executable file with the same name appeared later in
5916 m. The shell now does tilde expansions on unquoted `:~' in assignment
5917 statements when not in posix mode.
5919 n. Variable assignment errors when a command consists only of assignments
5920 now cause non-interactive shells to exit when in posix mode.
5922 o. If the variable in a `for' or `select' command is read-only, or not a
5923 legal shell identifier, a variable assignment error occurs.
5925 p. `test' now handles `-a' and `-o' as binary operators when three arguments
5926 are supplied, and correctly parses `( word )' as equivalent to `word'.
5928 q. `test' was fixed so that file names of the form /dev/fd/NN mean the same
5929 thing on all systems, even Linux.
5931 r. Fixed a bug in the globbing code that caused patterns with multiple
5932 consecutive `*'s to not be matched correctly.
5934 s. Fixed a bug that caused $PS2 to not be printed when an interactive shell
5935 not using readline is reading a here document.
5937 t. Fixed a bug that caused history expansion to be performed inappropriately
5938 when a single-quoted string spanned more than one line.
5940 u. `getopts' now checks that the variable name passed by the user as the
5941 second argument is a legal shell identifier and that the variable is
5944 v. Fixed `getopts' to obey POSIX.2 rules for setting $OPTIND when it
5945 encounters an error.
5947 w. Fixed `set' to display variable values in a form that can be re-read.
5949 x. Fixed a bug in the code that keeps track of whether or not local variables
5950 have been declared at the current level of function nesting.
5952 y. Non-interactive shells in posix mode now exit if the name in a function
5953 declaration is not a legal identifier.
5955 z. The job control code now ignores stopped children when the shell is not
5958 aa. The `cd' builtin no longer attempts spelling correction on the directory
5959 name if the shell is not interactive, regardless of the setting of the
5962 bb. Some OS-specific changes were made for SCO 3.2v[45] and AIX 4.2.
5964 cc. `time' now prints its output to stderr, as POSIX.2 specifies.
5966 2. Fixes to Readline
5968 a. After printing possible completions, all lines of a multi-line prompt
5971 b. Some changes were made to the terminal handling code in rltty.c to
5972 work around AIX 4.2 bugs.
5974 3. New Features in Bash
5976 a. There is a new loadable builtin: sprintf, with calling syntax
5977 sprintf var format [args]
5978 This provides an easy way to simulate ksh left- and right-justified
5981 b. The expansions of \h and \H in prompt strings were swapped. \h now
5982 expands to the hostname up to the first `.', as in bash-1.14.
5984 4. New Features in Readline
5986 a. The bash-1.14 behavior when ^M is typed while doing an incremental
5987 search was restored. ^J may now be used to terminate the search without
5990 b. There is a new bindable variable: disable-completion. This inhibits
5991 word completion and causes the completion character to be inserted as
5992 if it had been bound to self-insert.
5994 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5995 This document details the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha3,
5996 and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha2.
5998 There is now a file `COMPAT' included in the distribution that lists the
5999 user-visible incompatibilities between 1.14 and 2.0.
6003 a. Some work was done so that word splitting of the rhs of assignment
6004 statements conforms more closely to historical practice.
6006 b. A couple of errant memory frees were fixed.
6008 c. A fix was made to the test builtin so it recognizes `<' and `>' as
6011 d. The GNU malloc in lib/malloc/malloc.c now scrambles memory as it's
6012 allocated and freed. This is to catch callers that refer to freed
6013 memory or assume something about newly-allocated memory.
6015 e. Fixed a problem with conversion to 12-hour time in the prompt
6018 f. Fixed a problem with configure's argument parsing order. Now you can
6019 correctly turn on specific options after using --enable-minimal-config.
6021 g. The configure script now automatically disables the use of GNU malloc
6022 on systems where it's appropriate (better than having people read the
6023 NOTES file and do it manually).
6025 h. There are new prompt expansions (\v and \V) to insert version information
6026 into the prompt strings.
6028 i. The default prompt string now includes the version number.
6030 j. Most of the builtins that take no options were changed to use the
6031 internal getopt so they can produce proper error messages for -?
6032 and incorrect options.
6034 k. Some system-specific changes were made for SVR4.2 and Solaris 2.5.
6036 l. Bash now uses PATH_MAX instead of MAXPATHLEN and NAME_MAX instead of
6039 m. A couple of problems caused by uninitialized variables were fixed.
6041 n. There are a number of new loadable builtin examples: logname, basename,
6042 dirname, tty, pathchk, tee, head, and rmdir. All of these conform to
6045 o. Bash now notices changes in TZ and calls tzset() if present, so
6046 changing TZ will alter the time printed by prompt expansions.
6048 p. The source was reorganized a bit so I don't have to wait so long for
6049 some files to compile, and to facilitate the creation of a `shell
6050 library' at some future point.
6052 q. Bash no longer turns off job control if called as `sh', since the
6053 POSIX.2 spec includes job control as a standard feature.
6055 r. `bash -o posix' now works as intended.
6057 s. Fixed a problem with the completion code: when completing a filename
6058 that contained globbing characters, if show-all-if-ambiguous was set,
6059 the completion code would remove the user's text.
6061 t. Fixed ulimit so that (hopefully) the full range of limits is available
6064 u. A new `shopt' option (`hostcomplete') enables and disables hostname
6067 v. The shell no longer attempts to save the history on an abort(),
6068 which is usually called by programming_error().
6070 w. The `-s' option to `fc' was changed to echo the command to be executed
6071 to stderr instead of stdout.
6073 x. If the editor invoked by `fc -e' exits with a non-zero status, no
6074 commands are executed.
6076 y. Fixed a bug that made the shopt `histverify' option work incorrectly.
6078 z. There is a new variable `MACHTYPE' whose value is the GNU-style
6079 `cpu-company-system' system description as set by configure. (The
6080 values of MACHTYPE and HOSTTYPE should really be swapped.)
6082 aa. The `ulimit' builtin now allows the maximum virtual memory size to be
6083 set via setrlimit(2) if RLIMIT_VMEM is defined.
6085 bb. `bash -nc 'command'' no longer runs `command'.
6087 2. Changes to Readline
6089 a. Fixed a typo in the code that checked for FIONREAD in input.c.
6091 b. Fixed a bug in the code that outputs keybindings, so things like C-\
6092 are quoted properly.
6094 c. Fixed a bug in the inputrc file parsing code to handle the problems
6095 caused by inputrc files created from the output of `bind -p' in
6096 previous versions of bash. The problem was due to the bug fixed
6099 d. Readline no longer turns off the terminal's meta key, and turns it on
6100 once the first time it's called.
6102 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6103 This file documents the changes between this version, bash-2.0-alpha2,
6104 and the previous version, bash-2.0-alpha.
6108 a. The shell no longer thinks directories are executable.
6110 b. `disown' has a new option, `h', which inhibits the resending of SIGHUP
6111 but does not remove the job from the jobs table.
6113 c. The varargs functions in error.c now use ANSI-C `stdarg' if available.
6115 d. The build process now treats the `build version' in .build as local to
6116 the build directory, so different versions built from the same source
6117 tree have different `build versions'.
6119 e. Some problems with the grammar have been fixed. (It used `list' in a few
6120 productions where `compound_list' was needed. A `list' must be terminated
6121 with a newline or semicolon; a `compound_list' need not be.)
6123 f. A fix was made to keep `wait' from hanging when waiting for all background
6126 g. `bash --help' now writes its output to stdout, like the GNU Coding Standards
6127 specify, and includes the machine type (the value of MACHTYPE).
6129 h. `bash --version' now prints more information and exits successfully, like
6130 the GNU Coding Standards specify.
6132 i. The output of `time' and `times' now prints fractional seconds with three
6133 places after the decimal point.
6135 j. A bug that caused process substitutions to screw up the pipeline printed
6136 by `jobs' was fixed.
6138 k. Fixes were made to the code that implements $'...' and $"..." so they
6141 l. The process substitution code now opens named pipes for reading with
6142 O_NONBLOCK to avoid hanging.
6144 m. Fixes were made to the trap code so the shell cleans up correctly if the
6145 trap command contains a `return' and we're executing a function or
6146 sourcing a script with `.'.
6148 n. Fixes to doc/Makefile.in so that it doesn't try to remake all of the
6149 documentation (ps, dvi, etc.) on a `make install'.
6151 o. Fixed an auto-increment error that caused bash -c args to sometimes dump
6154 p. Fixed a bug that caused $HISTIGNORE to fail when the history line
6155 contained globbing characters.
6157 2. Changes to Readline
6159 a. There is a new string variable, rl_library_version, available for use by
6160 applications. The current value is "2.1".
6162 b. A bug encountered when expand-tilde was enabled and file completion was
6163 attempted on a word beginning with `~/' was fixed.
6165 c. A slight change was made to the incremental search termination behavior.
6166 ESC still terminates the search, but if input is pending or arrives
6167 within 0.1 seconds (on systems with select(2)), it is used as a prefix
6168 character. This is intented to allow users to terminate searches with
6169 the arrow keys and get the behavior they expect.